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okay let's start

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now suppose that the mechanism of this

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now suppose that the mechanism of this

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now suppose that the mechanism of this
overall reaction consists of these three

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one-step reactions remember all

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one-step reactions remember all

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one-step reactions remember all
reactions in the mechanism has to be

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reactions in the mechanism has to be

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reactions in the mechanism has to be
elementary reactions elementary step

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elementary reactions elementary step

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elementary reactions elementary step
elementary one-step reactions clear and

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elementary one-step reactions clear and

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elementary one-step reactions clear and
so this is suppose the mechanism now

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so this is suppose the mechanism now

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so this is suppose the mechanism now
condition is for one condition is for to

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condition is for one condition is for to

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condition is for one condition is for to
be this to be a plausible acceptable

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be this to be a plausible acceptable

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be this to be a plausible acceptable
mechanism for this reaction when you add

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mechanism for this reaction when you add

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mechanism for this reaction when you add
up these elementary one-step reaction

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up these elementary one-step reaction

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up these elementary one-step reaction
side by side you should get the overall

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side by side you should get the overall

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side by side you should get the overall
reaction so in this case I try to make

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reaction so in this case I try to make

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reaction so in this case I try to make
it that way

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it that way

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it that way
actually so E is cancels out G cancels

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actually so E is cancels out G cancels

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actually so E is cancels out G cancels
out and H cancels out and I have a plus

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out and H cancels out and I have a plus

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out and H cancels out and I have a plus
B is equal to C plus D this is now to a

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B is equal to C plus D this is now to a

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B is equal to C plus D this is now to a
a to a and so on alright so it obeys

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a to a and so on alright so it obeys

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a to a and so on alright so it obeys
that now these products like GE and H

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that now these products like GE and H

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that now these products like GE and H
which do not appear in the main overall

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which do not appear in the main overall

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which do not appear in the main overall
reaction equations are called

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reaction equations are called

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reaction equations are called
intermediates so simply I should say

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intermediates so simply I should say

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intermediates so simply I should say
here e G and H are intermediates now the

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here e G and H are intermediates now the

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here e G and H are intermediates now the
intermediates usually have very very

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intermediates usually have very very

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intermediates usually have very very
short lifetime like 10 to the minus 10

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short lifetime like 10 to the minus 10

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short lifetime like 10 to the minus 10
10 to the minus 9 seconds and so on

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10 to the minus 9 seconds and so on

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10 to the minus 9 seconds and so on
so it is very difficult to determine the

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so it is very difficult to determine the

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so it is very difficult to determine the
presence of intermediate in a chemical

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presence of intermediate in a chemical

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presence of intermediate in a chemical
reaction

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reaction

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reaction
if you can determine the presence of

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if you can determine the presence of

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if you can determine the presence of
intermediate those intermediate in your

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intermediate those intermediate in your

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intermediate those intermediate in your
chemical reaction that means that will

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chemical reaction that means that will

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chemical reaction that means that will
be a very good evidence that this

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be a very good evidence that this

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be a very good evidence that this
mechanism is a correct mechanism yeah

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mechanism is a correct mechanism yeah

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mechanism is a correct mechanism yeah
you should remember again the mechanism

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you should remember again the mechanism

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you should remember again the mechanism
is sort of theoretical I simply consider

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is sort of theoretical I simply consider

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is sort of theoretical I simply consider
the steps which will give me the rate

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the steps which will give me the rate

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the steps which will give me the rate
law of the reaction now the question

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law of the reaction now the question

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law of the reaction now the question
here is remember again be I can write

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here is remember again be I can write

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here is remember again be I can write
down the rate law for this reaction

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down the rate law for this reaction

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down the rate law for this reaction
right and I can write down the rate law

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right and I can write down the rate law

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right and I can write down the rate law
for this reaction I can write down the

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for this reaction I can write down the

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for this reaction I can write down the
rate law for this reaction by looking at

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rate law for this reaction by looking at

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rate law for this reaction by looking at
this let me just write it down here rate

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this let me just write it down here rate

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this let me just write it down here rate
of this reaction rate of the first step

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of this reaction rate of the first step

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of this reaction rate of the first step
would be equals to now tell me okay

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would be equals to now tell me okay

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would be equals to now tell me okay
let's call that K 1 K 2 and K 3 K yes

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let's call that K 1 K 2 and K 3 K yes

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let's call that K 1 K 2 and K 3 K yes
times what yes a concentration molar

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times what yes a concentration molar

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times what yes a concentration molar
concentration of a how about the power 1

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concentration of a how about the power 1

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concentration of a how about the power 1
n times B and power 1 you see again if I

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n times B and power 1 you see again if I

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n times B and power 1 you see again if I
didn't know that this step is elementary

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didn't know that this step is elementary

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didn't know that this step is elementary
one-step reaction I can't write it but

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one-step reaction I can't write it but

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one-step reaction I can't write it but
if I'm told that that is an elementary

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if I'm told that that is an elementary

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if I'm told that that is an elementary
reactions write down the rate law I can

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reactions write down the rate law I can

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reactions write down the rate law I can
write it clear so the rate for this

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write it clear so the rate for this

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write it clear so the rate for this
second step here would be equal to let's

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second step here would be equal to let's

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second step here would be equal to let's
call that K to call that k1 times the

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call that K to call that k1 times the

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call that K to call that k1 times the
concentrations of G and times the

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concentrations of G and times the

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concentrations of G and times the
concentration of a and then this is

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concentration of a and then this is

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concentration of a and then this is
going to be again rate 3 equals 2 k3

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going to be again rate 3 equals 2 k3

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going to be again rate 3 equals 2 k3
times the concentrations of e times the

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times the concentrations of e times the

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times the concentrations of e times the
concentration molar concentrations of 8

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concentration molar concentrations of 8

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concentration molar concentrations of 8
now all exponents are one because

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now all exponents are one because

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now all exponents are one because
coefficients in the elementary

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coefficients in the elementary

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coefficients in the elementary
one step reactions are 1 1 1 so that's

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one step reactions are 1 1 1 so that's

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one step reactions are 1 1 1 so that's
why I write the rate low this fashion

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why I write the rate low this fashion

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why I write the rate low this fashion
alright now the question here is how I

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alright now the question here is how I

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alright now the question here is how I
can write down the rate law or derive

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can write down the rate law or derive

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can write down the rate law or derive
the rate law from the mechanism now the

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the rate law from the mechanism now the

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the rate law from the mechanism now the
rate of these 3 reaction elementary

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rate of these 3 reaction elementary

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rate of these 3 reaction elementary
reactions will not be equal to each

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reactions will not be equal to each

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reactions will not be equal to each
other right some will be a little faster

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other right some will be a little faster

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other right some will be a little faster
sample people slower and so on but

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sample people slower and so on but

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sample people slower and so on but
there's always going to be a slowest

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there's always going to be a slowest

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there's always going to be a slowest
step in the mechanism and the rate of

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step in the mechanism and the rate of

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step in the mechanism and the rate of
the overall reaction has to be equal to

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the overall reaction has to be equal to

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the overall reaction has to be equal to
the rate of the slowest step in the

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the rate of the slowest step in the

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the rate of the slowest step in the
mechanism rate of the slowest step in

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mechanism rate of the slowest step in

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mechanism rate of the slowest step in
the mechanism now for example suppose

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the mechanism now for example suppose

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the mechanism now for example suppose
that this is the slow step and we

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that this is the slow step and we

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that this is the slow step and we
indicated like this and this is let's

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indicated like this and this is let's

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indicated like this and this is let's
say fast and this is fast so if I knew

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say fast and this is fast so if I knew

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say fast and this is fast so if I knew
that this is the slow step then the rate

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that this is the slow step then the rate

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that this is the slow step then the rate
of the overall reaction will be equal to

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of the overall reaction will be equal to

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of the overall reaction will be equal to
the to this rate law k2 times G times a

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the to this rate law k2 times G times a

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the to this rate law k2 times G times a
but there is a problem here the problem

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but there is a problem here the problem

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but there is a problem here the problem
is G is an intermediate you never have

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is G is an intermediate you never have

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is G is an intermediate you never have
the intermediate in your in your rate

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the intermediate in your in your rate

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the intermediate in your in your rate
law so now what are we going to do by

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law so now what are we going to do by

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law so now what are we going to do by
using some equilibriums and other things

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using some equilibriums and other things

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using some equilibriums and other things
in fact by using these equations we can

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in fact by using these equations we can

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in fact by using these equations we can
convert the concentrations of G in terms

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convert the concentrations of G in terms

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convert the concentrations of G in terms
of concentrations of a and B put it

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of concentrations of a and B put it

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of concentrations of a and B put it
there and then obtain the rate law has

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there and then obtain the rate law has

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there and then obtain the rate law has
the concentrations of which will include

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the concentrations of which will include

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the concentrations of which will include
only concentrations of a and

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only concentrations of a and

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only concentrations of a and
concentrations of B which means the

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concentrations of B which means the

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concentrations of B which means the
reactants only the reactants in the

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reactants only the reactants in the

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reactants only the reactants in the
overall reaction reactants in the

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overall reaction reactants in the

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overall reaction reactants in the
overall reactions now so this this is

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overall reactions now so this this is

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overall reactions now so this this is
simply called the slow step this is

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simply called the slow step this is

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simply called the slow step this is
called rate determining step rate

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called rate determining step rate

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called rate determining step rate
determinant

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determinant

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determinant
step that means that determines rate

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step that means that determines rate

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step that means that determines rate
actually the rate of the overall

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actually the rate of the overall

213
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actually the rate of the overall
reaction is equal to that now can we

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reaction is equal to that now can we

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reaction is equal to that now can we
explain that it I mean how can we

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explain that it I mean how can we

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explain that it I mean how can we
visualize that rate determining step

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visualize that rate determining step

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visualize that rate determining step
this is again you see a highway and a

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this is again you see a highway and a

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this is again you see a highway and a
tall tall Plaza

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tall tall Plaza

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tall tall Plaza
you know what tall means toll plaza

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you know what tall means toll plaza

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you know what tall means toll plaza
means Turkish what we call them para the

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means Turkish what we call them para the

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means Turkish what we call them para the
demonstrators

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demonstrators

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demonstrators
yes yes exactly right so that tall means

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yes yes exactly right so that tall means

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yes yes exactly right so that tall means
Keesha you pay there and go there and so

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Keesha you pay there and go there and so

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Keesha you pay there and go there and so
on so here it says the depending on the

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on so here it says the depending on the

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on so here it says the depending on the
number of lines at the toll here that

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number of lines at the toll here that

237
00:08:03,099 --> 00:08:06,719
number of lines at the toll here that
determines the rate of how many cars

238
00:08:06,719 --> 00:08:06,729
determines the rate of how many cars

239
00:08:06,729 --> 00:08:10,049
determines the rate of how many cars
will pass through this highway like this

240
00:08:10,049 --> 00:08:10,059
will pass through this highway like this

241
00:08:10,059 --> 00:08:15,379
will pass through this highway like this
now war logical to me at least logical

242
00:08:15,379 --> 00:08:15,389
now war logical to me at least logical

243
00:08:15,389 --> 00:08:23,389
now war logical to me at least logical
analogy can be made as follow to

244
00:08:23,389 --> 00:08:23,399
analogy can be made as follow to

245
00:08:23,399 --> 00:08:25,949
analogy can be made as follow to
describe or to understand the rate

246
00:08:25,949 --> 00:08:25,959
describe or to understand the rate

247
00:08:25,959 --> 00:08:36,189
describe or to understand the rate
determining step

248
00:08:36,189 --> 00:08:36,199

249
00:08:36,199 --> 00:08:40,549
suppose that I have pipes of different

250
00:08:40,549 --> 00:08:40,559
suppose that I have pipes of different

251
00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:43,309
suppose that I have pipes of different
diameters connected to each other right

252
00:08:43,309 --> 00:08:43,319
diameters connected to each other right

253
00:08:43,319 --> 00:08:59,949
diameters connected to each other right
I can have pipes and then I suppose that

254
00:08:59,949 --> 00:08:59,959
I can have pipes and then I suppose that

255
00:08:59,959 --> 00:09:05,869
I can have pipes and then I suppose that
pump water from this side I pipe system

256
00:09:05,869 --> 00:09:05,879
pump water from this side I pipe system

257
00:09:05,879 --> 00:09:09,170
pump water from this side I pipe system
so the water will fill these pipes and

258
00:09:09,170 --> 00:09:09,180
so the water will fill these pipes and

259
00:09:09,180 --> 00:09:15,460
so the water will fill these pipes and
then will go and come out from here now

260
00:09:15,460 --> 00:09:15,470

261
00:09:15,470 --> 00:09:20,569
one of the pipe here will determine how

262
00:09:20,569 --> 00:09:20,579
one of the pipe here will determine how

263
00:09:20,579 --> 00:09:26,269
one of the pipe here will determine how
much water will flow per unit time right

264
00:09:26,269 --> 00:09:26,279
much water will flow per unit time right

265
00:09:26,279 --> 00:09:30,350
much water will flow per unit time right
which one is it the narrowest one the

266
00:09:30,350 --> 00:09:30,360
which one is it the narrowest one the

267
00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:33,290
which one is it the narrowest one the
one which the smallest diameter so that

268
00:09:33,290 --> 00:09:33,300
one which the smallest diameter so that

269
00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:36,049
one which the smallest diameter so that
actually corresponds to the slowest step

270
00:09:36,049 --> 00:09:36,059
actually corresponds to the slowest step

271
00:09:36,059 --> 00:09:40,549
actually corresponds to the slowest step
in the mechanism so always the rate of

272
00:09:40,549 --> 00:09:40,559
in the mechanism so always the rate of

273
00:09:40,559 --> 00:09:42,980
in the mechanism so always the rate of
the slow step is equal to the overall so

274
00:09:42,980 --> 00:09:42,990
the slow step is equal to the overall so

275
00:09:42,990 --> 00:09:46,220
the slow step is equal to the overall so
in this case that pipe whatever the

276
00:09:46,220 --> 00:09:46,230
in this case that pipe whatever the

277
00:09:46,230 --> 00:09:48,559
in this case that pipe whatever the
water passes through there per unit time

278
00:09:48,559 --> 00:09:48,569
water passes through there per unit time

279
00:09:48,569 --> 00:09:51,019
water passes through there per unit time
would be the same as the water coming

280
00:09:51,019 --> 00:09:51,029
would be the same as the water coming

281
00:09:51,029 --> 00:09:52,759
would be the same as the water coming
here it doesn't matter how much water

282
00:09:52,759 --> 00:09:52,769
here it doesn't matter how much water

283
00:09:52,769 --> 00:09:55,999
here it doesn't matter how much water
you pump in that determines the actually

284
00:09:55,999 --> 00:09:56,009
you pump in that determines the actually

285
00:09:56,009 --> 00:10:00,290
you pump in that determines the actually
rate of flow water through the system

286
00:10:00,290 --> 00:10:00,300
rate of flow water through the system

287
00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:01,910
rate of flow water through the system
through the system so that's very

288
00:10:01,910 --> 00:10:01,920
through the system so that's very

289
00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:04,009
through the system so that's very
similar you can think about the rate

290
00:10:04,009 --> 00:10:04,019
similar you can think about the rate

291
00:10:04,019 --> 00:10:06,559
similar you can think about the rate
determining step as this is a matter of

292
00:10:06,559 --> 00:10:06,569
determining step as this is a matter of

293
00:10:06,569 --> 00:10:14,480
determining step as this is a matter of
fact okay now now here again we talked

294
00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:14,490
fact okay now now here again we talked

295
00:10:14,490 --> 00:10:16,280
fact okay now now here again we talked
about this what is required for a

296
00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:16,290
about this what is required for a

297
00:10:16,290 --> 00:10:18,590
about this what is required for a
plausible mechanism the rate law must be

298
00:10:18,590 --> 00:10:18,600
plausible mechanism the rate law must be

299
00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:20,569
plausible mechanism the rate law must be
able to be devised from the rate

300
00:10:20,569 --> 00:10:20,579
able to be devised from the rate

301
00:10:20,579 --> 00:10:23,749
able to be devised from the rate
determinant stop that means I should be

302
00:10:23,749 --> 00:10:23,759
determinant stop that means I should be

303
00:10:23,759 --> 00:10:27,559
determinant stop that means I should be
able to determine the rate law if I know

304
00:10:27,559 --> 00:10:27,569
able to determine the rate law if I know

305
00:10:27,569 --> 00:10:30,889
able to determine the rate law if I know
the mechanism but if I know the correct

306
00:10:30,889 --> 00:10:30,899
the mechanism but if I know the correct

307
00:10:30,899 --> 00:10:33,350
the mechanism but if I know the correct
mechanism of my overall reaction correct

308
00:10:33,350 --> 00:10:33,360
mechanism of my overall reaction correct

309
00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:36,650
mechanism of my overall reaction correct
mechanism if I can't determine the rate

310
00:10:36,650 --> 00:10:36,660
mechanism if I can't determine the rate

311
00:10:36,660 --> 00:10:39,259
mechanism if I can't determine the rate
law from the given rate mechanism that

312
00:10:39,259 --> 00:10:39,269
law from the given rate mechanism that

313
00:10:39,269 --> 00:10:42,049
law from the given rate mechanism that
means that mechanism is not valid it's

314
00:10:42,049 --> 00:10:42,059
means that mechanism is not valid it's

315
00:10:42,059 --> 00:10:44,179
means that mechanism is not valid it's
no good for that reaction so what I do I

316
00:10:44,179 --> 00:10:44,189
no good for that reaction so what I do I

317
00:10:44,189 --> 00:10:46,639
no good for that reaction so what I do I
try to propose

318
00:10:46,639 --> 00:10:46,649
try to propose

319
00:10:46,649 --> 00:10:49,910
try to propose
another mechanism actually so that it

320
00:10:49,910 --> 00:10:49,920
another mechanism actually so that it

321
00:10:49,920 --> 00:10:51,439
another mechanism actually so that it
will give me the rate law or give me the

322
00:10:51,439 --> 00:10:51,449
will give me the rate law or give me the

323
00:10:51,449 --> 00:10:55,460
will give me the rate law or give me the
correct rate law so that is it says the

324
00:10:55,460 --> 00:10:55,470
correct rate law so that is it says the

325
00:10:55,470 --> 00:10:57,829
correct rate law so that is it says the
rate law must be able to be devised from

326
00:10:57,829 --> 00:10:57,839
rate law must be able to be devised from

327
00:10:57,839 --> 00:11:00,139
rate law must be able to be devised from
the rate determining step in other words

328
00:11:00,139 --> 00:11:00,149
the rate determining step in other words

329
00:11:00,149 --> 00:11:03,109
the rate determining step in other words
the rate though and the mechanism has to

330
00:11:03,109 --> 00:11:03,119
the rate though and the mechanism has to

331
00:11:03,119 --> 00:11:07,609
the rate though and the mechanism has to
be consistent right that's what it means

332
00:11:07,609 --> 00:11:07,619
be consistent right that's what it means

333
00:11:07,619 --> 00:11:09,559
be consistent right that's what it means
has to be consistent now the

334
00:11:09,559 --> 00:11:09,569
has to be consistent now the

335
00:11:09,569 --> 00:11:11,629
has to be consistent now the
stochiometry must be obtained when all

336
00:11:11,629 --> 00:11:11,639
stochiometry must be obtained when all

337
00:11:11,639 --> 00:11:14,179
stochiometry must be obtained when all
steps are added up this simply means if

338
00:11:14,179 --> 00:11:14,189
steps are added up this simply means if

339
00:11:14,189 --> 00:11:17,090
steps are added up this simply means if
I simply add these three steps side by

340
00:11:17,090 --> 00:11:17,100
I simply add these three steps side by

341
00:11:17,100 --> 00:11:19,189
I simply add these three steps side by
side I should get this that's what mr.

342
00:11:19,189 --> 00:11:19,199
side I should get this that's what mr.

343
00:11:19,199 --> 00:11:21,470
side I should get this that's what mr.
geometry means right

344
00:11:21,470 --> 00:11:21,480
geometry means right

345
00:11:21,480 --> 00:11:23,179
geometry means right
so geometry must be obtained at all

346
00:11:23,179 --> 00:11:23,189
so geometry must be obtained at all

347
00:11:23,189 --> 00:11:25,790
so geometry must be obtained at all
steps added up each step must balance

348
00:11:25,790 --> 00:11:25,800
steps added up each step must balance

349
00:11:25,800 --> 00:11:28,489
steps added up each step must balance
just like chemical equation they have to

350
00:11:28,489 --> 00:11:28,499
just like chemical equation they have to

351
00:11:28,499 --> 00:11:31,030
just like chemical equation they have to
be balanced like any equation all

352
00:11:31,030 --> 00:11:31,040
be balanced like any equation all

353
00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:34,549
be balanced like any equation all
intermediates are made and used up again

354
00:11:34,549 --> 00:11:34,559
intermediates are made and used up again

355
00:11:34,559 --> 00:11:37,819
intermediates are made and used up again
otherwise I can't really get the overall

356
00:11:37,819 --> 00:11:37,829
otherwise I can't really get the overall

357
00:11:37,829 --> 00:11:40,489
otherwise I can't really get the overall
reaction if all the intermediates formed

358
00:11:40,489 --> 00:11:40,499
reaction if all the intermediates formed

359
00:11:40,499 --> 00:11:43,759
reaction if all the intermediates formed
and not used up during the mechanism

360
00:11:43,759 --> 00:11:43,769
and not used up during the mechanism

361
00:11:43,769 --> 00:11:45,439
and not used up during the mechanism
during the chemical reaction right so

362
00:11:45,439 --> 00:11:45,449
during the chemical reaction right so

363
00:11:45,449 --> 00:11:48,619
during the chemical reaction right so
that's what it says any catalyze is used

364
00:11:48,619 --> 00:11:48,629
that's what it says any catalyze is used

365
00:11:48,629 --> 00:11:50,329
that's what it says any catalyze is used
and regenerated if there's a catalyzed

366
00:11:50,329 --> 00:11:50,339
and regenerated if there's a catalyzed

367
00:11:50,339 --> 00:11:52,460
and regenerated if there's a catalyzed
remember the catalyze does not is not

368
00:11:52,460 --> 00:11:52,470
remember the catalyze does not is not

369
00:11:52,470 --> 00:11:54,739
remember the catalyze does not is not
included in the chemical reaction but it

370
00:11:54,739 --> 00:11:54,749
included in the chemical reaction but it

371
00:11:54,749 --> 00:11:56,840
included in the chemical reaction but it
changes the speed of the reaction it is

372
00:11:56,840 --> 00:11:56,850
changes the speed of the reaction it is

373
00:11:56,850 --> 00:12:00,110
changes the speed of the reaction it is
not consumed so we usually don't have

374
00:12:00,110 --> 00:12:00,120
not consumed so we usually don't have

375
00:12:00,120 --> 00:12:04,610
not consumed so we usually don't have
the if the catalyzed enters there it

376
00:12:04,610 --> 00:12:04,620
the if the catalyzed enters there it

377
00:12:04,620 --> 00:12:07,730
the if the catalyzed enters there it
must be regenerated again used and

378
00:12:07,730 --> 00:12:07,740
must be regenerated again used and

379
00:12:07,740 --> 00:12:09,319
must be regenerated again used and
regenerated means that the

380
00:12:09,319 --> 00:12:09,329
regenerated means that the

381
00:12:09,329 --> 00:12:11,329
regenerated means that the
concentrations of the catalyze will not

382
00:12:11,329 --> 00:12:11,339
concentrations of the catalyze will not

383
00:12:11,339 --> 00:12:13,040
concentrations of the catalyze will not
should not change if I have the

384
00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:13,050
should not change if I have the

385
00:12:13,050 --> 00:12:17,210
should not change if I have the
catalyzed as a matter of fact okay here

386
00:12:17,210 --> 00:12:17,220
catalyzed as a matter of fact okay here

387
00:12:17,220 --> 00:12:21,919
catalyzed as a matter of fact okay here
is again the mechanism overall reaction

388
00:12:21,919 --> 00:12:21,929
is again the mechanism overall reaction

389
00:12:21,929 --> 00:12:23,660
is again the mechanism overall reaction
I have them overall reaction here like

390
00:12:23,660 --> 00:12:23,670
I have them overall reaction here like

391
00:12:23,670 --> 00:12:26,749
I have them overall reaction here like
this and rate law is given as K times

392
00:12:26,749 --> 00:12:26,759
this and rate law is given as K times

393
00:12:26,759 --> 00:12:34,129
this and rate law is given as K times
no.2 to the square like this now this is

394
00:12:34,129 --> 00:12:34,139
no.2 to the square like this now this is

395
00:12:34,139 --> 00:12:36,220
no.2 to the square like this now this is
experimentally given rate law remember

396
00:12:36,220 --> 00:12:36,230
experimentally given rate law remember

397
00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:38,989
experimentally given rate law remember
it is experimentally determined this is

398
00:12:38,989 --> 00:12:38,999
it is experimentally determined this is

399
00:12:38,999 --> 00:12:41,269
it is experimentally determined this is
my overall reaction by looking at this

400
00:12:41,269 --> 00:12:41,279
my overall reaction by looking at this

401
00:12:41,279 --> 00:12:43,879
my overall reaction by looking at this
actually I can easily understand that

402
00:12:43,879 --> 00:12:43,889
actually I can easily understand that

403
00:12:43,889 --> 00:12:47,030
actually I can easily understand that
this is not a one-step elementary

404
00:12:47,030 --> 00:12:47,040
this is not a one-step elementary

405
00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:50,299
this is not a one-step elementary
reaction for clear now it may be

406
00:12:50,299 --> 00:12:50,309
reaction for clear now it may be

407
00:12:50,309 --> 00:12:53,359
reaction for clear now it may be
possible some reactions will be one-step

408
00:12:53,359 --> 00:12:53,369
possible some reactions will be one-step

409
00:12:53,369 --> 00:12:56,269
possible some reactions will be one-step
elementary reactions in that case in

410
00:12:56,269 --> 00:12:56,279
elementary reactions in that case in

411
00:12:56,279 --> 00:12:58,700
elementary reactions in that case in
fact the rate law if this had been

412
00:12:58,700 --> 00:12:58,710
fact the rate law if this had been

413
00:12:58,710 --> 00:13:01,430
fact the rate law if this had been
Elementary one-step reaction the rate

414
00:13:01,430 --> 00:13:01,440
Elementary one-step reaction the rate

415
00:13:01,440 --> 00:13:05,660
Elementary one-step reaction the rate
law would be K is equal to n o - not one

416
00:13:05,660 --> 00:13:05,670
law would be K is equal to n o - not one

417
00:13:05,670 --> 00:13:08,030
law would be K is equal to n o - not one
here not to n times the concentrations

418
00:13:08,030 --> 00:13:08,040
here not to n times the concentrations

419
00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:10,610
here not to n times the concentrations
of C all right but it is not what does

420
00:13:10,610 --> 00:13:10,620
of C all right but it is not what does

421
00:13:10,620 --> 00:13:12,770
of C all right but it is not what does
that mean that means that there this

422
00:13:12,770 --> 00:13:12,780
that mean that means that there this

423
00:13:12,780 --> 00:13:16,460
that mean that means that there this
reaction have has a mechanism that means

424
00:13:16,460 --> 00:13:16,470
reaction have has a mechanism that means

425
00:13:16,470 --> 00:13:18,170
reaction have has a mechanism that means
series of reaction

426
00:13:18,170 --> 00:13:18,180
series of reaction

427
00:13:18,180 --> 00:13:21,380
series of reaction
now the again let's see how we approach

428
00:13:21,380 --> 00:13:21,390
now the again let's see how we approach

429
00:13:21,390 --> 00:13:23,120
now the again let's see how we approach
it if the first step is the rate

430
00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:23,130
it if the first step is the rate

431
00:13:23,130 --> 00:13:24,710
it if the first step is the rate
determining step the coefficients on the

432
00:13:24,710 --> 00:13:24,720
determining step the coefficients on the

433
00:13:24,720 --> 00:13:26,960
determining step the coefficients on the
reactant side are the same as order in

434
00:13:26,960 --> 00:13:26,970
reactant side are the same as order in

435
00:13:26,970 --> 00:13:28,490
reactant side are the same as order in
the rate law as I told you we just

436
00:13:28,490 --> 00:13:28,500
the rate law as I told you we just

437
00:13:28,500 --> 00:13:30,620
the rate law as I told you we just
discussed that so the first step of the

438
00:13:30,620 --> 00:13:30,630
discussed that so the first step of the

439
00:13:30,630 --> 00:13:35,000
discussed that so the first step of the
mechanism begins may begin like this it

440
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:35,010
mechanism begins may begin like this it

441
00:13:35,010 --> 00:13:40,790
mechanism begins may begin like this it
says right you know let's write it down

442
00:13:40,790 --> 00:13:40,800
says right you know let's write it down

443
00:13:40,800 --> 00:13:47,620
says right you know let's write it down
here

444
00:13:47,620 --> 00:13:47,630

445
00:13:47,630 --> 00:13:55,610
so you know - usually it's good to at

446
00:13:55,610 --> 00:13:55,620
so you know - usually it's good to at

447
00:13:55,620 --> 00:13:58,280
so you know - usually it's good to at
least put the state of the reactants and

448
00:13:58,280 --> 00:13:58,290
least put the state of the reactants and

449
00:13:58,290 --> 00:14:00,200
least put the state of the reactants and
the products in the overall reaction the

450
00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:00,210
the products in the overall reaction the

451
00:14:00,210 --> 00:14:02,390
the products in the overall reaction the
main reaction because it's a gaseous so

452
00:14:02,390 --> 00:14:02,400
main reaction because it's a gaseous so

453
00:14:02,400 --> 00:14:04,460
main reaction because it's a gaseous so
we will know that its reaction is taking

454
00:14:04,460 --> 00:14:04,470
we will know that its reaction is taking

455
00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:07,460
we will know that its reaction is taking
place in gaseous state and see all gas

456
00:14:07,460 --> 00:14:07,470
place in gaseous state and see all gas

457
00:14:07,470 --> 00:14:13,790
place in gaseous state and see all gas
and going to a no gas and plus carbon

458
00:14:13,790 --> 00:14:13,800
and going to a no gas and plus carbon

459
00:14:13,800 --> 00:14:18,680
and going to a no gas and plus carbon
dioxide gas the rate law experimentally

460
00:14:18,680 --> 00:14:18,690
dioxide gas the rate law experimentally

461
00:14:18,690 --> 00:14:21,710
dioxide gas the rate law experimentally
determined rate law is given as K times

462
00:14:21,710 --> 00:14:21,720
determined rate law is given as K times

463
00:14:21,720 --> 00:14:26,960
determined rate law is given as K times
n all - to the square that means

464
00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:26,970
n all - to the square that means

465
00:14:26,970 --> 00:14:30,050
n all - to the square that means
second-order reaction with respect to

466
00:14:30,050 --> 00:14:30,060
second-order reaction with respect to

467
00:14:30,060 --> 00:14:31,730
second-order reaction with respect to
the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide

468
00:14:31,730 --> 00:14:31,740
the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide

469
00:14:31,740 --> 00:14:34,040
the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide
as a matter of fact so it says that

470
00:14:34,040 --> 00:14:34,050
as a matter of fact so it says that

471
00:14:34,050 --> 00:14:37,580
as a matter of fact so it says that
since there are two you know no2 to the

472
00:14:37,580 --> 00:14:37,590
since there are two you know no2 to the

473
00:14:37,590 --> 00:14:41,240
since there are two you know no2 to the
to the first that maybe like no.2 and

474
00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:41,250
to the first that maybe like no.2 and

475
00:14:41,250 --> 00:14:44,360
to the first that maybe like no.2 and
no2 colliding with each other now this

476
00:14:44,360 --> 00:14:44,370
no2 colliding with each other now this

477
00:14:44,370 --> 00:14:48,550
no2 colliding with each other now this
is the mechanism again I'm trying to

478
00:14:48,550 --> 00:14:48,560
is the mechanism again I'm trying to

479
00:14:48,560 --> 00:14:51,740
is the mechanism again I'm trying to
propose or find out a correct mechanism

480
00:14:51,740 --> 00:14:51,750
propose or find out a correct mechanism

481
00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:52,990
propose or find out a correct mechanism
which will fit to this rate law

482
00:14:52,990 --> 00:14:53,000
which will fit to this rate law

483
00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:57,280
which will fit to this rate law
mechanism and the first step we can say

484
00:14:57,280 --> 00:14:57,290
mechanism and the first step we can say

485
00:14:57,290 --> 00:15:03,800
mechanism and the first step we can say
no.2 plus no.2 going to let's say n all

486
00:15:03,800 --> 00:15:03,810
no.2 plus no.2 going to let's say n all

487
00:15:03,810 --> 00:15:07,310
no.2 plus no.2 going to let's say n all
plus no.3 this may be possible again

488
00:15:07,310 --> 00:15:07,320
plus no.3 this may be possible again

489
00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:09,350
plus no.3 this may be possible again
here I don't put the states remember

490
00:15:09,350 --> 00:15:09,360
here I don't put the states remember

491
00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:11,480
here I don't put the states remember
they're all in the gaseous state right

492
00:15:11,480 --> 00:15:11,490
they're all in the gaseous state right

493
00:15:11,490 --> 00:15:12,440
they're all in the gaseous state right
so nope

494
00:15:12,440 --> 00:15:12,450
so nope

495
00:15:12,450 --> 00:15:17,390
so nope
vier alright so no.2 no.2 going to n o

496
00:15:17,390 --> 00:15:17,400
vier alright so no.2 no.2 going to n o

497
00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:21,530
vier alright so no.2 no.2 going to n o
and no.3 now we do not see the no.3 in

498
00:15:21,530 --> 00:15:21,540
and no.3 now we do not see the no.3 in

499
00:15:21,540 --> 00:15:23,420
and no.3 now we do not see the no.3 in
the stochiometry so it is an

500
00:15:23,420 --> 00:15:23,430
the stochiometry so it is an

501
00:15:23,430 --> 00:15:26,270
the stochiometry so it is an
intermediate remember which needs to be

502
00:15:26,270 --> 00:15:26,280
intermediate remember which needs to be

503
00:15:26,280 --> 00:15:29,990
intermediate remember which needs to be
used in a faster next step because when

504
00:15:29,990 --> 00:15:30,000
used in a faster next step because when

505
00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:32,810
used in a faster next step because when
I add up the one step elementary

506
00:15:32,810 --> 00:15:32,820
I add up the one step elementary

507
00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:35,300
I add up the one step elementary
reactions of the mechanisms right the

508
00:15:35,300 --> 00:15:35,310
reactions of the mechanisms right the

509
00:15:35,310 --> 00:15:37,820
reactions of the mechanisms right the
English they must give me the overall

510
00:15:37,820 --> 00:15:37,830
English they must give me the overall

511
00:15:37,830 --> 00:15:40,250
English they must give me the overall
reaction so in all three which is an

512
00:15:40,250 --> 00:15:40,260
reaction so in all three which is an

513
00:15:40,260 --> 00:15:43,520
reaction so in all three which is an
intermediate should be used up during

514
00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:43,530
intermediate should be used up during

515
00:15:43,530 --> 00:15:45,470
intermediate should be used up during
the chemical reaction so in the second

516
00:15:45,470 --> 00:15:45,480
the chemical reaction so in the second

517
00:15:45,480 --> 00:15:51,710
the chemical reaction so in the second
step the no.2 no.3 I guess plus carbon

518
00:15:51,710 --> 00:15:51,720
step the no.2 no.3 I guess plus carbon

519
00:15:51,720 --> 00:15:56,510
step the no.2 no.3 I guess plus carbon
monoxide reacts to give you no.2 plus

520
00:15:56,510 --> 00:15:56,520
monoxide reacts to give you no.2 plus

521
00:15:56,520 --> 00:16:01,220
monoxide reacts to give you no.2 plus
carbon dioxide like this and that is B

522
00:16:01,220 --> 00:16:01,230
carbon dioxide like this and that is B

523
00:16:01,230 --> 00:16:03,740
carbon dioxide like this and that is B
the next step actually now this is this

524
00:16:03,740 --> 00:16:03,750
the next step actually now this is this

525
00:16:03,750 --> 00:16:09,380
the next step actually now this is this
is consistent I should say with this

526
00:16:09,380 --> 00:16:09,390
is consistent I should say with this

527
00:16:09,390 --> 00:16:11,450
is consistent I should say with this
overall reaction when we add them up

528
00:16:11,450 --> 00:16:11,460
overall reaction when we add them up

529
00:16:11,460 --> 00:16:14,960
overall reaction when we add them up
side by side we get this now if this is

530
00:16:14,960 --> 00:16:14,970
side by side we get this now if this is

531
00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:19,010
side by side we get this now if this is
the correct mechanism for this reaction

532
00:16:19,010 --> 00:16:19,020
the correct mechanism for this reaction

533
00:16:19,020 --> 00:16:21,590
the correct mechanism for this reaction
and this is a rate law which should be

534
00:16:21,590 --> 00:16:21,600
and this is a rate law which should be

535
00:16:21,600 --> 00:16:26,300
and this is a rate law which should be
the slowest step the first one this is

536
00:16:26,300 --> 00:16:26,310
the slowest step the first one this is

537
00:16:26,310 --> 00:16:28,970
the slowest step the first one this is
the slow we just put it slow like this

538
00:16:28,970 --> 00:16:28,980
the slow we just put it slow like this

539
00:16:28,980 --> 00:16:35,060
the slow we just put it slow like this
and then this one here again to show

540
00:16:35,060 --> 00:16:35,070
and then this one here again to show

541
00:16:35,070 --> 00:16:37,780
and then this one here again to show
that it's faster than it's not the

542
00:16:37,780 --> 00:16:37,790
that it's faster than it's not the

543
00:16:37,790 --> 00:16:40,820
that it's faster than it's not the
slowest step we just put it fast faster

544
00:16:40,820 --> 00:16:40,830
slowest step we just put it fast faster

545
00:16:40,830 --> 00:16:42,290
slowest step we just put it fast faster
than this that's what it means like this

546
00:16:42,290 --> 00:16:42,300
than this that's what it means like this

547
00:16:42,300 --> 00:16:45,260
than this that's what it means like this
so now from this I can sense the slow

548
00:16:45,260 --> 00:16:45,270
so now from this I can sense the slow

549
00:16:45,270 --> 00:16:47,900
so now from this I can sense the slow
step determines the rate of the overall

550
00:16:47,900 --> 00:16:47,910
step determines the rate of the overall

551
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:49,400
step determines the rate of the overall
reaction rate of the overall reaction

552
00:16:49,400 --> 00:16:49,410
reaction rate of the overall reaction

553
00:16:49,410 --> 00:16:51,500
reaction rate of the overall reaction
will be equal to the rate of the slow

554
00:16:51,500 --> 00:16:51,510
will be equal to the rate of the slow

555
00:16:51,510 --> 00:16:56,030
will be equal to the rate of the slow
step so the rate would be equal to K

556
00:16:56,030 --> 00:16:56,040
step so the rate would be equal to K

557
00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:59,690
step so the rate would be equal to K
times that's pole that k1 and k2 here

558
00:16:59,690 --> 00:16:59,700
times that's pole that k1 and k2 here

559
00:16:59,700 --> 00:17:01,160
times that's pole that k1 and k2 here
like this those are two different

560
00:17:01,160 --> 00:17:01,170
like this those are two different

561
00:17:01,170 --> 00:17:05,060
like this those are two different
reactions rate is equal to k1 times the

562
00:17:05,060 --> 00:17:05,070
reactions rate is equal to k1 times the

563
00:17:05,070 --> 00:17:08,390
reactions rate is equal to k1 times the
concentrations of no.2 raised to the

564
00:17:08,390 --> 00:17:08,400
concentrations of no.2 raised to the

565
00:17:08,400 --> 00:17:11,060
concentrations of no.2 raised to the
power 2 and that becomes the rate law

566
00:17:11,060 --> 00:17:11,070
power 2 and that becomes the rate law

567
00:17:11,070 --> 00:17:17,870
power 2 and that becomes the rate law
now here k1 here is equal to K right K

568
00:17:17,870 --> 00:17:17,880
now here k1 here is equal to K right K

569
00:17:17,880 --> 00:17:22,110
now here k1 here is equal to K right K
is equal to k1 which means the rate

570
00:17:22,110 --> 00:17:22,120
is equal to k1 which means the rate

571
00:17:22,120 --> 00:17:24,750
is equal to k1 which means the rate
constant of the first step in the

572
00:17:24,750 --> 00:17:24,760
constant of the first step in the

573
00:17:24,760 --> 00:17:26,189
constant of the first step in the
mechanism rate constant of the first

574
00:17:26,189 --> 00:17:26,199
mechanism rate constant of the first

575
00:17:26,199 --> 00:17:28,350
mechanism rate constant of the first
step in the mechanisms so this is like

576
00:17:28,350 --> 00:17:28,360
step in the mechanisms so this is like

577
00:17:28,360 --> 00:17:31,770
step in the mechanisms so this is like
you know very simple but it simply says

578
00:17:31,770 --> 00:17:31,780
you know very simple but it simply says

579
00:17:31,780 --> 00:17:34,320
you know very simple but it simply says
that this mechanism is a plausible

580
00:17:34,320 --> 00:17:34,330
that this mechanism is a plausible

581
00:17:34,330 --> 00:17:37,260
that this mechanism is a plausible
mechanism right possible mechanism and

582
00:17:37,260 --> 00:17:37,270
mechanism right possible mechanism and

583
00:17:37,270 --> 00:17:40,140
mechanism right possible mechanism and
it gives me this rate law by using these

584
00:17:40,140 --> 00:17:40,150
it gives me this rate law by using these

585
00:17:40,150 --> 00:17:43,380
it gives me this rate law by using these
but do I know I mean can I be sure about

586
00:17:43,380 --> 00:17:43,390
but do I know I mean can I be sure about

587
00:17:43,390 --> 00:17:45,830
but do I know I mean can I be sure about
that

588
00:17:45,830 --> 00:17:45,840

589
00:17:45,840 --> 00:17:48,030
no not really

590
00:17:48,030 --> 00:17:48,040
no not really

591
00:17:48,040 --> 00:17:52,110
no not really
only if there is some way of determining

592
00:17:52,110 --> 00:17:52,120
only if there is some way of determining

593
00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:57,860
only if there is some way of determining
the presence of no.3 nitrogen trioxide

594
00:17:57,860 --> 00:17:57,870
the presence of no.3 nitrogen trioxide

595
00:17:57,870 --> 00:18:00,120
the presence of no.3 nitrogen trioxide
during the chemical reaction then I was

596
00:18:00,120 --> 00:18:00,130
during the chemical reaction then I was

597
00:18:00,130 --> 00:18:02,010
during the chemical reaction then I was
there huh that's it you know

598
00:18:02,010 --> 00:18:02,020
there huh that's it you know

599
00:18:02,020 --> 00:18:04,799
there huh that's it you know
I propose that the no.3 nitrogen

600
00:18:04,799 --> 00:18:04,809
I propose that the no.3 nitrogen

601
00:18:04,809 --> 00:18:07,290
I propose that the no.3 nitrogen
trioxide will be an intermediate and if

602
00:18:07,290 --> 00:18:07,300
trioxide will be an intermediate and if

603
00:18:07,300 --> 00:18:10,770
trioxide will be an intermediate and if
I determine that that would be a very

604
00:18:10,770 --> 00:18:10,780
I determine that that would be a very

605
00:18:10,780 --> 00:18:13,020
I determine that that would be a very
good evidence that this is a correct

606
00:18:13,020 --> 00:18:13,030
good evidence that this is a correct

607
00:18:13,030 --> 00:18:15,419
good evidence that this is a correct
mechanism but if I can't determine that

608
00:18:15,419 --> 00:18:15,429
mechanism but if I can't determine that

609
00:18:15,429 --> 00:18:19,560
mechanism but if I can't determine that
I can't be sure that this is but at

610
00:18:19,560 --> 00:18:19,570
I can't be sure that this is but at

611
00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:23,520
I can't be sure that this is but at
least that mechanism fits to the rate

612
00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:23,530
least that mechanism fits to the rate

613
00:18:23,530 --> 00:18:26,700
least that mechanism fits to the rate
law or it is at the or let's put it this

614
00:18:26,700 --> 00:18:26,710
law or it is at the or let's put it this

615
00:18:26,710 --> 00:18:29,280
law or it is at the or let's put it this
way consistent with the rate law I say

616
00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:29,290
way consistent with the rate law I say

617
00:18:29,290 --> 00:18:32,310
way consistent with the rate law I say
that okay until somebody finds better

618
00:18:32,310 --> 00:18:32,320
that okay until somebody finds better

619
00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:36,000
that okay until somebody finds better
mechanism and shows the evidence that

620
00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:36,010
mechanism and shows the evidence that

621
00:18:36,010 --> 00:18:38,060
mechanism and shows the evidence that
it's better than this it would be it so

622
00:18:38,060 --> 00:18:38,070
it's better than this it would be it so

623
00:18:38,070 --> 00:18:40,200
it's better than this it would be it so
what you have to remember that the

624
00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:40,210
what you have to remember that the

625
00:18:40,210 --> 00:18:42,570
what you have to remember that the
mechanism is sort of a theoretical work

626
00:18:42,570 --> 00:18:42,580
mechanism is sort of a theoretical work

627
00:18:42,580 --> 00:18:46,200
mechanism is sort of a theoretical work
right theoretical you just try to fit it

628
00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:46,210
right theoretical you just try to fit it

629
00:18:46,210 --> 00:18:47,820
right theoretical you just try to fit it
to the rate though as a matter of fact

630
00:18:47,820 --> 00:18:47,830
to the rate though as a matter of fact

631
00:18:47,830 --> 00:18:50,340
to the rate though as a matter of fact
but if you sure that the mechanism is

632
00:18:50,340 --> 00:18:50,350
but if you sure that the mechanism is

633
00:18:50,350 --> 00:18:53,070
but if you sure that the mechanism is
correct than by using that mechanism you

634
00:18:53,070 --> 00:18:53,080
correct than by using that mechanism you

635
00:18:53,080 --> 00:18:55,560
correct than by using that mechanism you
can derive the rate law for your overall

636
00:18:55,560 --> 00:18:55,570
can derive the rate law for your overall

637
00:18:55,570 --> 00:18:59,280
can derive the rate law for your overall
reaction okay

638
00:18:59,280 --> 00:18:59,290
reaction okay

639
00:18:59,290 --> 00:19:06,960
reaction okay
now since the first step is the slow

640
00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:06,970
now since the first step is the slow

641
00:19:06,970 --> 00:19:09,150
now since the first step is the slow
step says I guess still say that gives

642
00:19:09,150 --> 00:19:09,160
step says I guess still say that gives

643
00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:10,919
step says I guess still say that gives
the rate law if you add up all

644
00:19:10,919 --> 00:19:10,929
the rate law if you add up all

645
00:19:10,929 --> 00:19:12,990
the rate law if you add up all
individual steps - you get the

646
00:19:12,990 --> 00:19:13,000
individual steps - you get the

647
00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:14,910
individual steps - you get the
stochiometry I mean checking that these

648
00:19:14,910 --> 00:19:14,920
stochiometry I mean checking that these

649
00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:18,390
stochiometry I mean checking that these
are this is a plausible mechanism each

650
00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:18,400
are this is a plausible mechanism each

651
00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:20,130
are this is a plausible mechanism each
step balance this is a plausible

652
00:19:20,130 --> 00:19:20,140
step balance this is a plausible

653
00:19:20,140 --> 00:19:21,870
step balance this is a plausible
mechanism I mean that's all it says

654
00:19:21,870 --> 00:19:21,880
mechanism I mean that's all it says

655
00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:26,100
mechanism I mean that's all it says
plausible right I mean can be we can't

656
00:19:26,100 --> 00:19:26,110
plausible right I mean can be we can't

657
00:19:26,110 --> 00:19:33,359
plausible right I mean can be we can't
be sure now

658
00:19:33,359 --> 00:19:33,369

659
00:19:33,369 --> 00:19:39,339
this is another reaction and equation

660
00:19:39,339 --> 00:19:39,349
this is another reaction and equation

661
00:19:39,349 --> 00:19:42,279
this is another reaction and equation
for the reaction is you see nitrous

662
00:19:42,279 --> 00:19:42,289
for the reaction is you see nitrous

663
00:19:42,289 --> 00:19:46,180
for the reaction is you see nitrous
oxide nitrogen monoxide with the bromine

664
00:19:46,180 --> 00:19:46,190
oxide nitrogen monoxide with the bromine

665
00:19:46,190 --> 00:19:51,399
oxide nitrogen monoxide with the bromine
to form the nitrosyl bromide

666
00:19:51,399 --> 00:19:51,409
to form the nitrosyl bromide

667
00:19:51,409 --> 00:19:53,619
to form the nitrosyl bromide
this is nitrosyl bromide that compound

668
00:19:53,619 --> 00:19:53,629
this is nitrosyl bromide that compound

669
00:19:53,629 --> 00:19:55,749
this is nitrosyl bromide that compound
the rate law for this reaction is found

670
00:19:55,749 --> 00:19:55,759
the rate law for this reaction is found

671
00:19:55,759 --> 00:19:57,909
the rate law for this reaction is found
to be rate is equal to K times no.2

672
00:19:57,909 --> 00:19:57,919
to be rate is equal to K times no.2

673
00:19:57,919 --> 00:19:58,959
to be rate is equal to K times no.2
natsound so on

674
00:19:58,959 --> 00:19:58,969
natsound so on

675
00:19:58,969 --> 00:20:01,809
natsound so on
now because the term molecular process

676
00:20:01,809 --> 00:20:01,819
now because the term molecular process

677
00:20:01,819 --> 00:20:06,549
now because the term molecular process
are rare this rate low suggests a

678
00:20:06,549 --> 00:20:06,559
are rare this rate low suggests a

679
00:20:06,559 --> 00:20:08,049
are rare this rate low suggests a
multi-step mechanism what does this

680
00:20:08,049 --> 00:20:08,059
multi-step mechanism what does this

681
00:20:08,059 --> 00:20:18,969
multi-step mechanism what does this
means now actually what this simply

682
00:20:18,969 --> 00:20:18,979
means now actually what this simply

683
00:20:18,979 --> 00:20:22,479
means now actually what this simply
means try to tell you this by looking at

684
00:20:22,479 --> 00:20:22,489
means try to tell you this by looking at

685
00:20:22,489 --> 00:20:26,349
means try to tell you this by looking at
this rate law and this equation here you

686
00:20:26,349 --> 00:20:26,359
this rate law and this equation here you

687
00:20:26,359 --> 00:20:29,169
this rate law and this equation here you
can say oh that's elementary one-step

688
00:20:29,169 --> 00:20:29,179
can say oh that's elementary one-step

689
00:20:29,179 --> 00:20:33,399
can say oh that's elementary one-step
reaction right here right because the in

690
00:20:33,399 --> 00:20:33,409
reaction right here right because the in

691
00:20:33,409 --> 00:20:36,009
reaction right here right because the in
the rate law the exponent of the

692
00:20:36,009 --> 00:20:36,019
the rate law the exponent of the

693
00:20:36,019 --> 00:20:38,799
the rate law the exponent of the
constant concentrations the same as the

694
00:20:38,799 --> 00:20:38,809
constant concentrations the same as the

695
00:20:38,809 --> 00:20:40,299
constant concentrations the same as the
coefficients of those in balanced

696
00:20:40,299 --> 00:20:40,309
coefficients of those in balanced

697
00:20:40,309 --> 00:20:42,939
coefficients of those in balanced
equations 2 1 and so on

698
00:20:42,939 --> 00:20:42,949
equations 2 1 and so on

699
00:20:42,949 --> 00:20:47,049
equations 2 1 and so on
but here if this is elementary one-step

700
00:20:47,049 --> 00:20:47,059
but here if this is elementary one-step

701
00:20:47,059 --> 00:20:49,239
but here if this is elementary one-step
reaction the what will be the

702
00:20:49,239 --> 00:20:49,249
reaction the what will be the

703
00:20:49,249 --> 00:20:52,229
reaction the what will be the
molecularity of that reaction

704
00:20:52,229 --> 00:20:52,239
molecularity of that reaction

705
00:20:52,239 --> 00:20:55,469
molecularity of that reaction
termolecular means that requires

706
00:20:55,469 --> 00:20:55,479
termolecular means that requires

707
00:20:55,479 --> 00:20:58,389
termolecular means that requires
collusions of 3 molecules at the same

708
00:20:58,389 --> 00:20:58,399
collusions of 3 molecules at the same

709
00:20:58,399 --> 00:21:01,029
collusions of 3 molecules at the same
point at the same time and which is very

710
00:21:01,029 --> 00:21:01,039
point at the same time and which is very

711
00:21:01,039 --> 00:21:04,329
point at the same time and which is very
rare and very seldom takes place so it

712
00:21:04,329 --> 00:21:04,339
rare and very seldom takes place so it

713
00:21:04,339 --> 00:21:07,089
rare and very seldom takes place so it
says probably it is not one-step

714
00:21:07,089 --> 00:21:07,099
says probably it is not one-step

715
00:21:07,099 --> 00:21:09,419
says probably it is not one-step
reaction then there must be a mechanism

716
00:21:09,419 --> 00:21:09,429
reaction then there must be a mechanism

717
00:21:09,429 --> 00:21:12,939
reaction then there must be a mechanism
right mechanism of that and let's see

718
00:21:12,939 --> 00:21:12,949
right mechanism of that and let's see

719
00:21:12,949 --> 00:21:16,079
right mechanism of that and let's see
what it says here are the mechanisms for

720
00:21:16,079 --> 00:21:16,089
what it says here are the mechanisms for

721
00:21:16,089 --> 00:21:20,289
what it says here are the mechanisms for
the first step is 1/n Oh nitrogen

722
00:21:20,289 --> 00:21:20,299
the first step is 1/n Oh nitrogen

723
00:21:20,299 --> 00:21:22,779
the first step is 1/n Oh nitrogen
monoxide reacts with bromine nitrosyl

724
00:21:22,779 --> 00:21:22,789
monoxide reacts with bromine nitrosyl

725
00:21:22,789 --> 00:21:27,399
monoxide reacts with bromine nitrosyl
broma bromide actually bromine and then

726
00:21:27,399 --> 00:21:27,409
broma bromide actually bromine and then

727
00:21:27,409 --> 00:21:29,379
broma bromide actually bromine and then
in the second step this reacts with

728
00:21:29,379 --> 00:21:29,389
in the second step this reacts with

729
00:21:29,389 --> 00:21:33,459
in the second step this reacts with
another no2 get this like this now how

730
00:21:33,459 --> 00:21:33,469
another no2 get this like this now how

731
00:21:33,469 --> 00:21:36,399
another no2 get this like this now how
can we derive the rate law from that

732
00:21:36,399 --> 00:21:36,409
can we derive the rate law from that

733
00:21:36,409 --> 00:21:55,260
can we derive the rate law from that
reaction

734
00:21:55,260 --> 00:21:55,270

735
00:21:55,270 --> 00:22:03,340
okay so the reaction was no.2 nitrogen

736
00:22:03,340 --> 00:22:03,350
okay so the reaction was no.2 nitrogen

737
00:22:03,350 --> 00:22:17,880
okay so the reaction was no.2 nitrogen
monoxide plus gr - given - okay - nobr

738
00:22:17,880 --> 00:22:17,890

739
00:22:17,890 --> 00:22:22,780
nitrosyl bromide like this alright now

740
00:22:22,780 --> 00:22:22,790
nitrosyl bromide like this alright now

741
00:22:22,790 --> 00:22:25,390
nitrosyl bromide like this alright now
we go to the mechanism and the mechanism

742
00:22:25,390 --> 00:22:25,400
we go to the mechanism and the mechanism

743
00:22:25,400 --> 00:22:28,180
we go to the mechanism and the mechanism
the first step and the second step now

744
00:22:28,180 --> 00:22:28,190
the first step and the second step now

745
00:22:28,190 --> 00:22:31,419
the first step and the second step now
the first step here is the fast

746
00:22:31,419 --> 00:22:31,429
the first step here is the fast

747
00:22:31,429 --> 00:22:33,880
the first step here is the fast
equilibrium step so I should write down

748
00:22:33,880 --> 00:22:33,890
equilibrium step so I should write down

749
00:22:33,890 --> 00:22:37,980
equilibrium step so I should write down
here in front of this fast equilibrium

750
00:22:37,980 --> 00:22:37,990
here in front of this fast equilibrium

751
00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:43,930
here in front of this fast equilibrium
okay now this is the slow step like this

752
00:22:43,930 --> 00:22:43,940
okay now this is the slow step like this

753
00:22:43,940 --> 00:22:46,390
okay now this is the slow step like this
let's say if that is the slow step then

754
00:22:46,390 --> 00:22:46,400
let's say if that is the slow step then

755
00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:48,789
let's say if that is the slow step then
I will write down the rate of the

756
00:22:48,789 --> 00:22:48,799
I will write down the rate of the

757
00:22:48,799 --> 00:22:51,010
I will write down the rate of the
reaction would be equal to the rate of

758
00:22:51,010 --> 00:22:51,020
reaction would be equal to the rate of

759
00:22:51,020 --> 00:22:53,289
reaction would be equal to the rate of
the slow step the rate of that slow step

760
00:22:53,289 --> 00:22:53,299
the slow step the rate of that slow step

761
00:22:53,299 --> 00:22:56,260
the slow step the rate of that slow step
will be equals to K times let's call

762
00:22:56,260 --> 00:22:56,270
will be equals to K times let's call

763
00:22:56,270 --> 00:23:05,370
will be equals to K times let's call
that K to call that k2 k2 times a no

764
00:23:05,370 --> 00:23:05,380
that K to call that k2 k2 times a no

765
00:23:05,380 --> 00:23:10,750
that K to call that k2 k2 times a no
br-2 and concentrations of n Oh like

766
00:23:10,750 --> 00:23:10,760
br-2 and concentrations of n Oh like

767
00:23:10,760 --> 00:23:15,430
br-2 and concentrations of n Oh like
this okay but this can't be the rate law

768
00:23:15,430 --> 00:23:15,440
this okay but this can't be the rate law

769
00:23:15,440 --> 00:23:18,250
this okay but this can't be the rate law
for the overall reaction why because it

770
00:23:18,250 --> 00:23:18,260
for the overall reaction why because it

771
00:23:18,260 --> 00:23:20,890
for the overall reaction why because it
contains intermediate that means it

772
00:23:20,890 --> 00:23:20,900
contains intermediate that means it

773
00:23:20,900 --> 00:23:22,480
contains intermediate that means it
continues the species that does not

774
00:23:22,480 --> 00:23:22,490
continues the species that does not

775
00:23:22,490 --> 00:23:25,150
continues the species that does not
appear in the main equations so I should

776
00:23:25,150 --> 00:23:25,160
appear in the main equations so I should

777
00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:27,960
appear in the main equations so I should
be able to replace it with the

778
00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:27,970
be able to replace it with the

779
00:23:27,970 --> 00:23:31,510
be able to replace it with the
concentrations or the species of the

780
00:23:31,510 --> 00:23:31,520
concentrations or the species of the

781
00:23:31,520 --> 00:23:32,830
concentrations or the species of the
concentrations that appear in the

782
00:23:32,830 --> 00:23:32,840
concentrations that appear in the

783
00:23:32,840 --> 00:23:35,890
concentrations that appear in the
chemical reactions now to replace that I

784
00:23:35,890 --> 00:23:35,900
chemical reactions now to replace that I

785
00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:39,430
chemical reactions now to replace that I
take that first step fast step an

786
00:23:39,430 --> 00:23:39,440
take that first step fast step an

787
00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:42,240
take that first step fast step an
equilibrium step that means that the

788
00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:42,250
equilibrium step that means that the

789
00:23:42,250 --> 00:23:45,340
equilibrium step that means that the
reaction for rate let me write down the

790
00:23:45,340 --> 00:23:45,350
reaction for rate let me write down the

791
00:23:45,350 --> 00:23:48,310
reaction for rate let me write down the
rate forward reaction that means this

792
00:23:48,310 --> 00:23:48,320
rate forward reaction that means this

793
00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:50,680
rate forward reaction that means this
way since it's a what's elementary

794
00:23:50,680 --> 00:23:50,690
way since it's a what's elementary

795
00:23:50,690 --> 00:23:53,470
way since it's a what's elementary
reaction would be equal to let's say k1

796
00:23:53,470 --> 00:23:53,480
reaction would be equal to let's say k1

797
00:23:53,480 --> 00:23:58,570
reaction would be equal to let's say k1
times the concentrations of n Oh times

798
00:23:58,570 --> 00:23:58,580
times the concentrations of n Oh times

799
00:23:58,580 --> 00:24:05,590
times the concentrations of n Oh times
the concentration of br-2 okay now this

800
00:24:05,590 --> 00:24:05,600
the concentration of br-2 okay now this

801
00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:07,950
the concentration of br-2 okay now this
is the forward reaction

802
00:24:07,950 --> 00:24:07,960
is the forward reaction

803
00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:10,890
is the forward reaction
now how about the reverse reaction the

804
00:24:10,890 --> 00:24:10,900
now how about the reverse reaction the

805
00:24:10,900 --> 00:24:13,230
now how about the reverse reaction the
reverse reaction let's call that leaders

806
00:24:13,230 --> 00:24:13,240
reverse reaction let's call that leaders

807
00:24:13,240 --> 00:24:15,060
reverse reaction let's call that leaders
reaction that means consider the

808
00:24:15,060 --> 00:24:15,070
reaction that means consider the

809
00:24:15,070 --> 00:24:16,980
reaction that means consider the
reaction that way that will be equal to

810
00:24:16,980 --> 00:24:16,990
reaction that way that will be equal to

811
00:24:16,990 --> 00:24:20,220
reaction that way that will be equal to
K minus 1 this is the reverse rate

812
00:24:20,220 --> 00:24:20,230
K minus 1 this is the reverse rate

813
00:24:20,230 --> 00:24:21,780
K minus 1 this is the reverse rate
constant that means reaction for the

814
00:24:21,780 --> 00:24:21,790
constant that means reaction for the

815
00:24:21,790 --> 00:24:24,530
constant that means reaction for the
reverse rate constant and and times the

816
00:24:24,530 --> 00:24:24,540
reverse rate constant and and times the

817
00:24:24,540 --> 00:24:31,910
reverse rate constant and and times the
concentrations of nobr - you know dr -

818
00:24:31,910 --> 00:24:31,920
concentrations of nobr - you know dr -

819
00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:33,450
concentrations of nobr - you know dr -
like this

820
00:24:33,450 --> 00:24:33,460
like this

821
00:24:33,460 --> 00:24:36,480
like this
alright equilibrium means as we will see

822
00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:36,490
alright equilibrium means as we will see

823
00:24:36,490 --> 00:24:40,170
alright equilibrium means as we will see
in the next chapter the rate forward

824
00:24:40,170 --> 00:24:40,180
in the next chapter the rate forward

825
00:24:40,180 --> 00:24:43,980
in the next chapter the rate forward
becomes great reverse what does that

826
00:24:43,980 --> 00:24:43,990
becomes great reverse what does that

827
00:24:43,990 --> 00:24:48,450
becomes great reverse what does that
means that means that K 1 times and O

828
00:24:48,450 --> 00:24:48,460
means that means that K 1 times and O

829
00:24:48,460 --> 00:24:56,190
means that means that K 1 times and O
and P R 2 is equals to K reverse that's

830
00:24:56,190 --> 00:24:56,200
and P R 2 is equals to K reverse that's

831
00:24:56,200 --> 00:25:07,590
and P R 2 is equals to K reverse that's
this one here times the N o BR 2 like

832
00:25:07,590 --> 00:25:07,600
this one here times the N o BR 2 like

833
00:25:07,600 --> 00:25:10,500
this one here times the N o BR 2 like
this alright now what I'm looking for

834
00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:10,510
this alright now what I'm looking for

835
00:25:10,510 --> 00:25:16,260
this alright now what I'm looking for
here I'm looking for this one to replace

836
00:25:16,260 --> 00:25:16,270
here I'm looking for this one to replace

837
00:25:16,270 --> 00:25:19,320
here I'm looking for this one to replace
that because it is an intermediate now I

838
00:25:19,320 --> 00:25:19,330
that because it is an intermediate now I

839
00:25:19,330 --> 00:25:22,260
that because it is an intermediate now I
get it from there and the concentration

840
00:25:22,260 --> 00:25:22,270
get it from there and the concentration

841
00:25:22,270 --> 00:25:28,940
get it from there and the concentration
is n o gr 2 would be equals to K 1

842
00:25:28,940 --> 00:25:28,950
is n o gr 2 would be equals to K 1

843
00:25:28,950 --> 00:25:34,170
is n o gr 2 would be equals to K 1
divided by K minus 1 and up here I have

844
00:25:34,170 --> 00:25:34,180
divided by K minus 1 and up here I have

845
00:25:34,180 --> 00:25:38,220
divided by K minus 1 and up here I have
the concentrations of you know and the

846
00:25:38,220 --> 00:25:38,230
the concentrations of you know and the

847
00:25:38,230 --> 00:25:44,660
the concentrations of you know and the
concentrations of ER - right this is it

848
00:25:44,660 --> 00:25:44,670

849
00:25:44,670 --> 00:25:48,870
ok so I get it put it there the rate of

850
00:25:48,870 --> 00:25:48,880
ok so I get it put it there the rate of

851
00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:52,350
ok so I get it put it there the rate of
the reaction overall reaction will be

852
00:25:52,350 --> 00:25:52,360
the reaction overall reaction will be

853
00:25:52,360 --> 00:25:56,640
the reaction overall reaction will be
equal to K 2 times K 1 over K minus 1

854
00:25:56,640 --> 00:25:56,650
equal to K 2 times K 1 over K minus 1

855
00:25:56,650 --> 00:26:04,020
equal to K 2 times K 1 over K minus 1
and I have here and all concentrations

856
00:26:04,020 --> 00:26:04,030
and I have here and all concentrations

857
00:26:04,030 --> 00:26:05,970
and I have here and all concentrations
of molar concentrations of n over here

858
00:26:05,970 --> 00:26:05,980
of molar concentrations of n over here

859
00:26:05,980 --> 00:26:08,190
of molar concentrations of n over here
but there's another n o there that means

860
00:26:08,190 --> 00:26:08,200
but there's another n o there that means

861
00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:13,350
but there's another n o there that means
NO x n o square and then I also have BR

862
00:26:13,350 --> 00:26:13,360
NO x n o square and then I also have BR

863
00:26:13,360 --> 00:26:16,980
NO x n o square and then I also have BR
two concentrations of BR 2 like this so

864
00:26:16,980 --> 00:26:16,990
two concentrations of BR 2 like this so

865
00:26:16,990 --> 00:26:19,500
two concentrations of BR 2 like this so
now this is

866
00:26:19,500 --> 00:26:19,510
now this is

867
00:26:19,510 --> 00:26:25,170
now this is
consistent with my rate law how the K in

868
00:26:25,170 --> 00:26:25,180
consistent with my rate law how the K in

869
00:26:25,180 --> 00:26:31,920
consistent with my rate law how the K in
my rate low here I call that where I put

870
00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:31,930
my rate low here I call that where I put

871
00:26:31,930 --> 00:26:33,900
my rate low here I call that where I put
that anyhow the rate constant this is

872
00:26:33,900 --> 00:26:33,910
that anyhow the rate constant this is

873
00:26:33,910 --> 00:26:36,450
that anyhow the rate constant this is
all the overall rate constants so I can

874
00:26:36,450 --> 00:26:36,460
all the overall rate constants so I can

875
00:26:36,460 --> 00:26:39,000
all the overall rate constants so I can
simply write it down as follow K times

876
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:39,010
simply write it down as follow K times

877
00:26:39,010 --> 00:26:42,810
simply write it down as follow K times
the concentrations of n o nitrogen

878
00:26:42,810 --> 00:26:42,820
the concentrations of n o nitrogen

879
00:26:42,820 --> 00:26:45,450
the concentrations of n o nitrogen
monoxide raised to the power 2 and the

880
00:26:45,450 --> 00:26:45,460
monoxide raised to the power 2 and the

881
00:26:45,460 --> 00:26:48,330
monoxide raised to the power 2 and the
bromine concentrations of bromine this

882
00:26:48,330 --> 00:26:48,340
bromine concentrations of bromine this

883
00:26:48,340 --> 00:26:51,980
bromine concentrations of bromine this
is my rate law you see again how I

884
00:26:51,980 --> 00:26:51,990
is my rate law you see again how I

885
00:26:51,990 --> 00:26:56,580
is my rate law you see again how I
derive the rate law from the mechanism

886
00:26:56,580 --> 00:26:56,590
derive the rate law from the mechanism

887
00:26:56,590 --> 00:26:59,730
derive the rate law from the mechanism
of a reaction so if I know the mechanism

888
00:26:59,730 --> 00:26:59,740
of a reaction so if I know the mechanism

889
00:26:59,740 --> 00:27:02,610
of a reaction so if I know the mechanism
I can derive the rate law vice versa if

890
00:27:02,610 --> 00:27:02,620
I can derive the rate law vice versa if

891
00:27:02,620 --> 00:27:06,000
I can derive the rate law vice versa if
I know the rate law I can propose a

892
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:06,010
I know the rate law I can propose a

893
00:27:06,010 --> 00:27:09,360
I know the rate law I can propose a
mechanism so in this case the rate law

894
00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:09,370
mechanism so in this case the rate law

895
00:27:09,370 --> 00:27:13,680
mechanism so in this case the rate law
for that reaction is actually known so

896
00:27:13,680 --> 00:27:13,690
for that reaction is actually known so

897
00:27:13,690 --> 00:27:16,650
for that reaction is actually known so
it is this one here and I proposed the

898
00:27:16,650 --> 00:27:16,660
it is this one here and I proposed the

899
00:27:16,660 --> 00:27:19,740
it is this one here and I proposed the
mechanism from two steps these two steps

900
00:27:19,740 --> 00:27:19,750
mechanism from two steps these two steps

901
00:27:19,750 --> 00:27:25,620
mechanism from two steps these two steps
and assuming that this is no yes two

902
00:27:25,620 --> 00:27:25,630
and assuming that this is no yes two

903
00:27:25,630 --> 00:27:29,550
and assuming that this is no yes two
steps one is as fast equilibrium and the

904
00:27:29,550 --> 00:27:29,560
steps one is as fast equilibrium and the

905
00:27:29,560 --> 00:27:31,140
steps one is as fast equilibrium and the
other one where I guess I have right

906
00:27:31,140 --> 00:27:31,150
other one where I guess I have right

907
00:27:31,150 --> 00:27:35,370
other one where I guess I have right
down here slow step and derive the rate

908
00:27:35,370 --> 00:27:35,380
down here slow step and derive the rate

909
00:27:35,380 --> 00:27:38,250
down here slow step and derive the rate
law and the rate law is the same form as

910
00:27:38,250 --> 00:27:38,260
law and the rate law is the same form as

911
00:27:38,260 --> 00:27:43,890
law and the rate law is the same form as
this this K is equals to the K 2 K 1 and

912
00:27:43,890 --> 00:27:43,900
this this K is equals to the K 2 K 1 and

913
00:27:43,900 --> 00:27:49,340
this this K is equals to the K 2 K 1 and
K minus 1 again K 2 K 1 and K minus 1

914
00:27:49,340 --> 00:27:49,350
K minus 1 again K 2 K 1 and K minus 1

915
00:27:49,350 --> 00:27:53,660
K minus 1 again K 2 K 1 and K minus 1
have only meaning if I have the

916
00:27:53,660 --> 00:27:53,670
have only meaning if I have the

917
00:27:53,670 --> 00:27:56,640
have only meaning if I have the
mechanism elementary one-step reactions

918
00:27:56,640 --> 00:27:56,650
mechanism elementary one-step reactions

919
00:27:56,650 --> 00:28:00,770
mechanism elementary one-step reactions
the elementary one step reaction here

920
00:28:00,770 --> 00:28:00,780
the elementary one step reaction here

921
00:28:00,780 --> 00:28:09,090
the elementary one step reaction here
clear yes

922
00:28:09,090 --> 00:28:09,100

923
00:28:09,100 --> 00:28:12,900
all right the rate the overall reaction

924
00:28:12,900 --> 00:28:12,910
all right the rate the overall reaction

925
00:28:12,910 --> 00:28:14,549
all right the rate the overall reaction
depends upon the please are all the same

926
00:28:14,549 --> 00:28:14,559
depends upon the please are all the same

927
00:28:14,559 --> 00:28:17,850
depends upon the please are all the same
things I guess we said slow step again

928
00:28:17,850 --> 00:28:17,860
things I guess we said slow step again

929
00:28:17,860 --> 00:28:20,840
things I guess we said slow step again
the rate loaf for the step would be

930
00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:20,850
the rate loaf for the step would be

931
00:28:20,850 --> 00:28:24,330
the rate loaf for the step would be
equals to this we have done that but we

932
00:28:24,330 --> 00:28:24,340
equals to this we have done that but we

933
00:28:24,340 --> 00:28:27,990
equals to this we have done that but we
just replace that and rate forward rate

934
00:28:27,990 --> 00:28:28,000
just replace that and rate forward rate

935
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:31,770
just replace that and rate forward rate
reverse and finally we get this rate law

936
00:28:31,770 --> 00:28:31,780
reverse and finally we get this rate law

937
00:28:31,780 --> 00:28:33,750
reverse and finally we get this rate law
which is the experimentally determine

938
00:28:33,750 --> 00:28:33,760
which is the experimentally determine

939
00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:36,900
which is the experimentally determine
rate law is the same things again all

940
00:28:36,900 --> 00:28:36,910
rate law is the same things again all

941
00:28:36,910 --> 00:28:43,680
rate law is the same things again all
right now catalyzed catalyzed are very

942
00:28:43,680 --> 00:28:43,690
right now catalyzed catalyzed are very

943
00:28:43,690 --> 00:28:47,130
right now catalyzed catalyzed are very
very important in chemical reactions as

944
00:28:47,130 --> 00:28:47,140
very important in chemical reactions as

945
00:28:47,140 --> 00:28:49,919
very important in chemical reactions as
we described the definer catalyzed

946
00:28:49,919 --> 00:28:49,929
we described the definer catalyzed

947
00:28:49,929 --> 00:28:53,840
we described the definer catalyzed
catalyzes the substances which is not

948
00:28:53,840 --> 00:28:53,850
catalyzes the substances which is not

949
00:28:53,850 --> 00:28:56,539
catalyzes the substances which is not
consumed during the chemical reaction

950
00:28:56,539 --> 00:28:56,549
consumed during the chemical reaction

951
00:28:56,549 --> 00:29:02,250
consumed during the chemical reaction
but it increases the rate of a chemical

952
00:29:02,250 --> 00:29:02,260
but it increases the rate of a chemical

953
00:29:02,260 --> 00:29:04,770
but it increases the rate of a chemical
reaction actually increases the speed of

954
00:29:04,770 --> 00:29:04,780
reaction actually increases the speed of

955
00:29:04,780 --> 00:29:06,930
reaction actually increases the speed of
a chemical reactions right so if there

956
00:29:06,930 --> 00:29:06,940
a chemical reactions right so if there

957
00:29:06,940 --> 00:29:08,640
a chemical reactions right so if there
is a very slow reaction if you would

958
00:29:08,640 --> 00:29:08,650
is a very slow reaction if you would

959
00:29:08,650 --> 00:29:10,440
is a very slow reaction if you would
like to increase the rate of that

960
00:29:10,440 --> 00:29:10,450
like to increase the rate of that

961
00:29:10,450 --> 00:29:12,810
like to increase the rate of that
reaction speed of that reaction we try

962
00:29:12,810 --> 00:29:12,820
reaction speed of that reaction we try

963
00:29:12,820 --> 00:29:15,720
reaction speed of that reaction we try
to find out a catalyzed what does the

964
00:29:15,720 --> 00:29:15,730
to find out a catalyzed what does the

965
00:29:15,730 --> 00:29:19,789
to find out a catalyzed what does the
catalyzed do the catalyzed changes the

966
00:29:19,789 --> 00:29:19,799
catalyzed do the catalyzed changes the

967
00:29:19,799 --> 00:29:22,740
catalyzed do the catalyzed changes the
mechanism of the chemical reaction

968
00:29:22,740 --> 00:29:22,750
mechanism of the chemical reaction

969
00:29:22,750 --> 00:29:26,220
mechanism of the chemical reaction
chemical reaction so when the mechanism

970
00:29:26,220 --> 00:29:26,230
chemical reaction so when the mechanism

971
00:29:26,230 --> 00:29:27,930
chemical reaction so when the mechanism
of the chemical reaction changes that

972
00:29:27,930 --> 00:29:27,940
of the chemical reaction changes that

973
00:29:27,940 --> 00:29:30,630
of the chemical reaction changes that
means that the slowest step which

974
00:29:30,630 --> 00:29:30,640
means that the slowest step which

975
00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:32,520
means that the slowest step which
determines the rate of the overall

976
00:29:32,520 --> 00:29:32,530
determines the rate of the overall

977
00:29:32,530 --> 00:29:35,549
determines the rate of the overall
reaction also changes and the slow step

978
00:29:35,549 --> 00:29:35,559
reaction also changes and the slow step

979
00:29:35,559 --> 00:29:37,860
reaction also changes and the slow step
would be catalyzed mechanism in fact is

980
00:29:37,860 --> 00:29:37,870
would be catalyzed mechanism in fact is

981
00:29:37,870 --> 00:29:42,720
would be catalyzed mechanism in fact is
always higher or faster than the slowest

982
00:29:42,720 --> 00:29:42,730
always higher or faster than the slowest

983
00:29:42,730 --> 00:29:45,930
always higher or faster than the slowest
step without the catalyzed mechanism so

984
00:29:45,930 --> 00:29:45,940
step without the catalyzed mechanism so

985
00:29:45,940 --> 00:29:48,029
step without the catalyzed mechanism so
this way in fact the presence of

986
00:29:48,029 --> 00:29:48,039
this way in fact the presence of

987
00:29:48,039 --> 00:29:51,450
this way in fact the presence of
catalyzed increases the rate of the

988
00:29:51,450 --> 00:29:51,460
catalyzed increases the rate of the

989
00:29:51,460 --> 00:29:53,070
catalyzed increases the rate of the
reaction increases the speed of the

990
00:29:53,070 --> 00:29:53,080
reaction increases the speed of the

991
00:29:53,080 --> 00:29:55,950
reaction increases the speed of the
reactions mfa so recap in this case here

992
00:29:55,950 --> 00:29:55,960
reactions mfa so recap in this case here

993
00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,140
reactions mfa so recap in this case here
is the example the decomposition of

994
00:29:58,140 --> 00:29:58,150
is the example the decomposition of

995
00:29:58,150 --> 00:30:01,169
is the example the decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide to the water and

996
00:30:01,169 --> 00:30:01,179
hydrogen peroxide to the water and

997
00:30:01,179 --> 00:30:05,810
hydrogen peroxide to the water and
oxygen without the catalyzed has this

998
00:30:05,810 --> 00:30:05,820
oxygen without the catalyzed has this

999
00:30:05,820 --> 00:30:08,340
oxygen without the catalyzed has this
reaction coordinate this is the reaction

1000
00:30:08,340 --> 00:30:08,350
reaction coordinate this is the reaction

1001
00:30:08,350 --> 00:30:10,529
reaction coordinate this is the reaction
coordinate again you see again this is

1002
00:30:10,529 --> 00:30:10,539
coordinate again you see again this is

1003
00:30:10,539 --> 00:30:14,610
coordinate again you see again this is
the activation energy right for that

1004
00:30:14,610 --> 00:30:14,620
the activation energy right for that

1005
00:30:14,620 --> 00:30:17,370
the activation energy right for that
path without the catalyze the activation

1006
00:30:17,370 --> 00:30:17,380
path without the catalyze the activation

1007
00:30:17,380 --> 00:30:21,539
path without the catalyze the activation
energy here from here to there right now

1008
00:30:21,539 --> 00:30:21,549
energy here from here to there right now

1009
00:30:21,549 --> 00:30:22,740
energy here from here to there right now
remember

1010
00:30:22,740 --> 00:30:22,750
remember

1011
00:30:22,750 --> 00:30:25,200
remember
the activation energy the higher the

1012
00:30:25,200 --> 00:30:25,210
the activation energy the higher the

1013
00:30:25,210 --> 00:30:27,450
the activation energy the higher the
activation energy the lower will be the

1014
00:30:27,450 --> 00:30:27,460
activation energy the lower will be the

1015
00:30:27,460 --> 00:30:29,220
activation energy the lower will be the
rate constant from the Arrhenius

1016
00:30:29,220 --> 00:30:29,230
rate constant from the Arrhenius

1017
00:30:29,230 --> 00:30:30,360
rate constant from the Arrhenius
equation remember there are any

1018
00:30:30,360 --> 00:30:30,370
equation remember there are any

1019
00:30:30,370 --> 00:30:32,899
equation remember there are any
equations relate those the higher the

1020
00:30:32,899 --> 00:30:32,909
equations relate those the higher the

1021
00:30:32,909 --> 00:30:35,039
equations relate those the higher the
activation energy lower the rate

1022
00:30:35,039 --> 00:30:35,049
activation energy lower the rate

1023
00:30:35,049 --> 00:30:39,450
activation energy lower the rate
constant so in the second reaction we

1024
00:30:39,450 --> 00:30:39,460
constant so in the second reaction we

1025
00:30:39,460 --> 00:30:41,820
constant so in the second reaction we
add hydrogen bromide and the hydrogen

1026
00:30:41,820 --> 00:30:41,830
add hydrogen bromide and the hydrogen

1027
00:30:41,830 --> 00:30:43,560
add hydrogen bromide and the hydrogen
bromide in active solutions actually

1028
00:30:43,560 --> 00:30:43,570
bromide in active solutions actually

1029
00:30:43,570 --> 00:30:45,330
bromide in active solutions actually
hydrobromic acid you can look it that

1030
00:30:45,330 --> 00:30:45,340
hydrobromic acid you can look it that

1031
00:30:45,340 --> 00:30:45,860
hydrobromic acid you can look it that
way

1032
00:30:45,860 --> 00:30:45,870
way

1033
00:30:45,870 --> 00:30:48,240
way
increases the rate of the decomposition

1034
00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:48,250
increases the rate of the decomposition

1035
00:30:48,250 --> 00:30:51,270
increases the rate of the decomposition
reactions of peroxide how change in the

1036
00:30:51,270 --> 00:30:51,280
reactions of peroxide how change in the

1037
00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:54,240
reactions of peroxide how change in the
mechanism now with with the presence of

1038
00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:54,250
mechanism now with with the presence of

1039
00:30:54,250 --> 00:30:56,940
mechanism now with with the presence of
the catalyze the mechanism is this what

1040
00:30:56,940 --> 00:30:56,950
the catalyze the mechanism is this what

1041
00:30:56,950 --> 00:30:59,100
the catalyze the mechanism is this what
is the activation energy here can you

1042
00:30:59,100 --> 00:30:59,110
is the activation energy here can you

1043
00:30:59,110 --> 00:31:01,169
is the activation energy here can you
tell me the activation energy for

1044
00:31:01,169 --> 00:31:01,179
tell me the activation energy for

1045
00:31:01,179 --> 00:31:09,120
tell me the activation energy for
overall reaction okay this one here or

1046
00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:09,130
overall reaction okay this one here or

1047
00:31:09,130 --> 00:31:15,299
overall reaction okay this one here or
this one bigger one why because if these

1048
00:31:15,299 --> 00:31:15,309
this one bigger one why because if these

1049
00:31:15,309 --> 00:31:18,690
this one bigger one why because if these
two maximum corresponds to two step

1050
00:31:18,690 --> 00:31:18,700
two maximum corresponds to two step

1051
00:31:18,700 --> 00:31:21,029
two maximum corresponds to two step
reactions elementary reactions the one

1052
00:31:21,029 --> 00:31:21,039
reactions elementary reactions the one

1053
00:31:21,039 --> 00:31:23,669
reactions elementary reactions the one
which has higher activation energy will

1054
00:31:23,669 --> 00:31:23,679
which has higher activation energy will

1055
00:31:23,679 --> 00:31:26,490
which has higher activation energy will
be slower right higher activation means

1056
00:31:26,490 --> 00:31:26,500
be slower right higher activation means

1057
00:31:26,500 --> 00:31:28,140
be slower right higher activation means
it's slower the lower the activation

1058
00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:28,150
it's slower the lower the activation

1059
00:31:28,150 --> 00:31:30,180
it's slower the lower the activation
energy the faster the reaction is rate

1060
00:31:30,180 --> 00:31:30,190
energy the faster the reaction is rate

1061
00:31:30,190 --> 00:31:31,860
energy the faster the reaction is rate
constant because the rate constant will

1062
00:31:31,860 --> 00:31:31,870
constant because the rate constant will

1063
00:31:31,870 --> 00:31:35,370
constant because the rate constant will
be bigger and again when the presence of

1064
00:31:35,370 --> 00:31:35,380
be bigger and again when the presence of

1065
00:31:35,380 --> 00:31:37,830
be bigger and again when the presence of
the catalyzed we have a faster reaction

1066
00:31:37,830 --> 00:31:37,840
the catalyzed we have a faster reaction

1067
00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:39,690
the catalyzed we have a faster reaction
faster decompositions of hydrogen

1068
00:31:39,690 --> 00:31:39,700
faster decompositions of hydrogen

1069
00:31:39,700 --> 00:31:45,960
faster decompositions of hydrogen
peroxide now we can classify to catalyze

1070
00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:45,970
peroxide now we can classify to catalyze

1071
00:31:45,970 --> 00:31:49,169
peroxide now we can classify to catalyze
as homogeneous catalyzed heterogeneous

1072
00:31:49,169 --> 00:31:49,179
as homogeneous catalyzed heterogeneous

1073
00:31:49,179 --> 00:31:52,560
as homogeneous catalyzed heterogeneous
catalyzed enzymes homogeneous catalyzed

1074
00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:52,570
catalyzed enzymes homogeneous catalyzed

1075
00:31:52,570 --> 00:31:54,930
catalyzed enzymes homogeneous catalyzed
means that the catalyzed and the

1076
00:31:54,930 --> 00:31:54,940
means that the catalyzed and the

1077
00:31:54,940 --> 00:31:57,710
means that the catalyzed and the
reactants are all in the same phase

1078
00:31:57,710 --> 00:31:57,720
reactants are all in the same phase

1079
00:31:57,720 --> 00:32:00,630
reactants are all in the same phase
right for example in solutions if you

1080
00:32:00,630 --> 00:32:00,640
right for example in solutions if you

1081
00:32:00,640 --> 00:32:04,740
right for example in solutions if you
have the ends the cattle are dissolved

1082
00:32:04,740 --> 00:32:04,750
have the ends the cattle are dissolved

1083
00:32:04,750 --> 00:32:06,419
have the ends the cattle are dissolved
in solutions and my reactants are also

1084
00:32:06,419 --> 00:32:06,429
in solutions and my reactants are also

1085
00:32:06,429 --> 00:32:08,250
in solutions and my reactants are also
dissolved in solution in that case it

1086
00:32:08,250 --> 00:32:08,260
dissolved in solution in that case it

1087
00:32:08,260 --> 00:32:10,080
dissolved in solution in that case it
will be a homogeneous catalyzed

1088
00:32:10,080 --> 00:32:10,090
will be a homogeneous catalyzed

1089
00:32:10,090 --> 00:32:12,919
will be a homogeneous catalyzed
heterogeneous catalyzed usually

1090
00:32:12,919 --> 00:32:12,929
heterogeneous catalyzed usually

1091
00:32:12,929 --> 00:32:16,710
heterogeneous catalyzed usually
catalyzed phase is different than the

1092
00:32:16,710 --> 00:32:16,720
catalyzed phase is different than the

1093
00:32:16,720 --> 00:32:18,539
catalyzed phase is different than the
reactant phase how

1094
00:32:18,539 --> 00:32:18,549
reactant phase how

1095
00:32:18,549 --> 00:32:20,970
reactant phase how
for example the catalyzed are solid but

1096
00:32:20,970 --> 00:32:20,980
for example the catalyzed are solid but

1097
00:32:20,980 --> 00:32:24,110
for example the catalyzed are solid but
the reactants may be gas so that will be

1098
00:32:24,110 --> 00:32:24,120
the reactants may be gas so that will be

1099
00:32:24,120 --> 00:32:27,029
the reactants may be gas so that will be
heterogeneous catalysis that erosion is

1100
00:32:27,029 --> 00:32:27,039
heterogeneous catalysis that erosion is

1101
00:32:27,039 --> 00:32:30,060
heterogeneous catalysis that erosion is
catalyzed now enzymes as I said you

1102
00:32:30,060 --> 00:32:30,070
catalyzed now enzymes as I said you

1103
00:32:30,070 --> 00:32:33,590
catalyzed now enzymes as I said you
there big molecules proteins actually

1104
00:32:33,590 --> 00:32:33,600
there big molecules proteins actually

1105
00:32:33,600 --> 00:32:37,020
there big molecules proteins actually
that catalyzes the

1106
00:32:37,020 --> 00:32:37,030
that catalyzes the

1107
00:32:37,030 --> 00:32:39,060
that catalyzes the
biological reactions in the living

1108
00:32:39,060 --> 00:32:39,070
biological reactions in the living

1109
00:32:39,070 --> 00:32:41,340
biological reactions in the living
organisms right now let's look at these

1110
00:32:41,340 --> 00:32:41,350
organisms right now let's look at these

1111
00:32:41,350 --> 00:32:44,789
organisms right now let's look at these
quickly in fact the reactions and the

1112
00:32:44,789 --> 00:32:44,799
quickly in fact the reactions and the

1113
00:32:44,799 --> 00:32:47,070
quickly in fact the reactions and the
catalyze are in the same phase this is

1114
00:32:47,070 --> 00:32:47,080
catalyze are in the same phase this is

1115
00:32:47,080 --> 00:32:49,440
catalyze are in the same phase this is
the emergence catalysis many times

1116
00:32:49,440 --> 00:32:49,450
the emergence catalysis many times

1117
00:32:49,450 --> 00:32:51,330
the emergence catalysis many times
reactions and catalyze are dissolved in

1118
00:32:51,330 --> 00:32:51,340
reactions and catalyze are dissolved in

1119
00:32:51,340 --> 00:32:54,200
reactions and catalyze are dissolved in
the same solid as seen below like fizz

1120
00:32:54,200 --> 00:32:54,210
the same solid as seen below like fizz

1121
00:32:54,210 --> 00:32:57,049
the same solid as seen below like fizz
now when we have heterogeneous catalyzed

1122
00:32:57,049 --> 00:32:57,059
now when we have heterogeneous catalyzed

1123
00:32:57,059 --> 00:32:59,940
now when we have heterogeneous catalyzed
reaction usually take place on the

1124
00:32:59,940 --> 00:32:59,950
reaction usually take place on the

1125
00:32:59,950 --> 00:33:02,400
reaction usually take place on the
surface of the catalyst and the catalyst

1126
00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:02,410
surface of the catalyst and the catalyst

1127
00:33:02,410 --> 00:33:05,700
surface of the catalyst and the catalyst
is solid then the reactants are gas and

1128
00:33:05,700 --> 00:33:05,710
is solid then the reactants are gas and

1129
00:33:05,710 --> 00:33:10,680
is solid then the reactants are gas and
all the reactants are adsorbed on the

1130
00:33:10,680 --> 00:33:10,690
all the reactants are adsorbed on the

1131
00:33:10,690 --> 00:33:12,539
all the reactants are adsorbed on the
catalyzed surface and the reaction is

1132
00:33:12,539 --> 00:33:12,549
catalyzed surface and the reaction is

1133
00:33:12,549 --> 00:33:15,510
catalyzed surface and the reaction is
taking place at the surface actually in

1134
00:33:15,510 --> 00:33:15,520
taking place at the surface actually in

1135
00:33:15,520 --> 00:33:16,799
taking place at the surface actually in
that case it's the heterogeneous

1136
00:33:16,799 --> 00:33:16,809
that case it's the heterogeneous

1137
00:33:16,809 --> 00:33:19,950
that case it's the heterogeneous
catalyzed one example is the catalyzed

1138
00:33:19,950 --> 00:33:19,960
catalyzed one example is the catalyzed

1139
00:33:19,960 --> 00:33:23,130
catalyzed one example is the catalyzed
that we use in our exhaust pipes

1140
00:33:23,130 --> 00:33:23,140
that we use in our exhaust pipes

1141
00:33:23,140 --> 00:33:27,120
that we use in our exhaust pipes
automobile exhaust pipes and they

1142
00:33:27,120 --> 00:33:27,130
automobile exhaust pipes and they

1143
00:33:27,130 --> 00:33:30,480
automobile exhaust pipes and they
convert the nitrous oxides to nitrogen

1144
00:33:30,480 --> 00:33:30,490
convert the nitrous oxides to nitrogen

1145
00:33:30,490 --> 00:33:32,750
convert the nitrous oxides to nitrogen
and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide

1146
00:33:32,750 --> 00:33:32,760
and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide

1147
00:33:32,760 --> 00:33:35,370
and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide
that comes out from the exhaust pipe of

1148
00:33:35,370 --> 00:33:35,380
that comes out from the exhaust pipe of

1149
00:33:35,380 --> 00:33:37,080
that comes out from the exhaust pipe of
automobiles right

1150
00:33:37,080 --> 00:33:37,090
automobiles right

1151
00:33:37,090 --> 00:33:40,049
automobiles right
and those catalyzed are solids and

1152
00:33:40,049 --> 00:33:40,059
and those catalyzed are solids and

1153
00:33:40,059 --> 00:33:43,039
and those catalyzed are solids and
they're usually platinum or iridium

1154
00:33:43,039 --> 00:33:43,049
they're usually platinum or iridium

1155
00:33:43,049 --> 00:33:45,990
they're usually platinum or iridium
podium containing solid catalyzed and

1156
00:33:45,990 --> 00:33:46,000
podium containing solid catalyzed and

1157
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:50,600
podium containing solid catalyzed and
the gas which comes out from the engine

1158
00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:50,610
the gas which comes out from the engine

1159
00:33:50,610 --> 00:33:55,200
the gas which comes out from the engine
goes over those solid catalyzed and on

1160
00:33:55,200 --> 00:33:55,210
goes over those solid catalyzed and on

1161
00:33:55,210 --> 00:33:58,080
goes over those solid catalyzed and on
the solid catalyzed in fact the carbon

1162
00:33:58,080 --> 00:33:58,090
the solid catalyzed in fact the carbon

1163
00:33:58,090 --> 00:34:00,710
the solid catalyzed in fact the carbon
monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide

1164
00:34:00,710 --> 00:34:00,720
monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide

1165
00:34:00,720 --> 00:34:03,539
monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide
nitrous oxide nitrogen dioxide are all

1166
00:34:03,539 --> 00:34:03,549
nitrous oxide nitrogen dioxide are all

1167
00:34:03,549 --> 00:34:06,900
nitrous oxide nitrogen dioxide are all
converted to nitrogen so this way the

1168
00:34:06,900 --> 00:34:06,910
converted to nitrogen so this way the

1169
00:34:06,910 --> 00:34:09,180
converted to nitrogen so this way the
gas that comes out of the exhaust pipe

1170
00:34:09,180 --> 00:34:09,190
gas that comes out of the exhaust pipe

1171
00:34:09,190 --> 00:34:11,940
gas that comes out of the exhaust pipe
becomes clean right that is the

1172
00:34:11,940 --> 00:34:11,950
becomes clean right that is the

1173
00:34:11,950 --> 00:34:14,399
becomes clean right that is the
heterogeneous catalyze the catalyzed we

1174
00:34:14,399 --> 00:34:14,409
heterogeneous catalyze the catalyzed we

1175
00:34:14,409 --> 00:34:16,800
heterogeneous catalyze the catalyzed we
have in our exhaust pipes in automobile

1176
00:34:16,800 --> 00:34:16,810
have in our exhaust pipes in automobile

1177
00:34:16,810 --> 00:34:21,419
have in our exhaust pipes in automobile
exhaust exhaust pipes now enzymes again

1178
00:34:21,419 --> 00:34:21,429
exhaust exhaust pipes now enzymes again

1179
00:34:21,429 --> 00:34:23,760
exhaust exhaust pipes now enzymes again
as I said biological catalyze they have

1180
00:34:23,760 --> 00:34:23,770
as I said biological catalyze they have

1181
00:34:23,770 --> 00:34:26,550
as I said biological catalyze they have
a region where the reactants attach this

1182
00:34:26,550 --> 00:34:26,560
a region where the reactants attach this

1183
00:34:26,560 --> 00:34:27,780
a region where the reactants attach this
is important again they are very

1184
00:34:27,780 --> 00:34:27,790
is important again they are very

1185
00:34:27,790 --> 00:34:28,680
is important again they are very
specific

1186
00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:28,690
specific

1187
00:34:28,690 --> 00:34:31,619
specific
they only increases the rate of certain

1188
00:34:31,619 --> 00:34:31,629
they only increases the rate of certain

1189
00:34:31,629 --> 00:34:35,129
they only increases the rate of certain
reactions and to do that they have to

1190
00:34:35,129 --> 00:34:35,139
reactions and to do that they have to

1191
00:34:35,139 --> 00:34:40,139
reactions and to do that they have to
really have a very special part of the

1192
00:34:40,139 --> 00:34:40,149
really have a very special part of the

1193
00:34:40,149 --> 00:34:43,080
really have a very special part of the
catalyzed where the reactants depending

1194
00:34:43,080 --> 00:34:43,090
catalyzed where the reactants depending

1195
00:34:43,090 --> 00:34:44,669
catalyzed where the reactants depending
on the shape of the reactants fits to

1196
00:34:44,669 --> 00:34:44,679
on the shape of the reactants fits to

1197
00:34:44,679 --> 00:34:47,580
on the shape of the reactants fits to
that place in the catalyzed and then

1198
00:34:47,580 --> 00:34:47,590
that place in the catalyzed and then

1199
00:34:47,590 --> 00:34:50,430
that place in the catalyzed and then
proper reaction that take place

1200
00:34:50,430 --> 00:34:50,440
proper reaction that take place

1201
00:34:50,440 --> 00:34:53,010
proper reaction that take place
proper products in fact are also taking

1202
00:34:53,010 --> 00:34:53,020
proper products in fact are also taking

1203
00:34:53,020 --> 00:34:55,409
proper products in fact are also taking
place that region is called the active

1204
00:34:55,409 --> 00:34:55,419
place that region is called the active

1205
00:34:55,419 --> 00:34:58,140
place that region is called the active
side you see again where the biological

1206
00:34:58,140 --> 00:34:58,150
side you see again where the biological

1207
00:34:58,150 --> 00:35:00,960
side you see again where the biological
molecules or reactant molecules attach

1208
00:35:00,960 --> 00:35:00,970
molecules or reactant molecules attach

1209
00:35:00,970 --> 00:35:03,390
molecules or reactant molecules attach
there it's called the active side the

1210
00:35:03,390 --> 00:35:03,400
there it's called the active side the

1211
00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:06,359
there it's called the active side the
reactants are referred to as substrates

1212
00:35:06,359 --> 00:35:06,369
reactants are referred to as substrates

1213
00:35:06,369 --> 00:35:09,480
reactants are referred to as substrates
so the substrates goes binds to the

1214
00:35:09,480 --> 00:35:09,490
so the substrates goes binds to the

1215
00:35:09,490 --> 00:35:11,760
so the substrates goes binds to the
active sides and the chemical reactions

1216
00:35:11,760 --> 00:35:11,770
active sides and the chemical reactions

1217
00:35:11,770 --> 00:35:15,180
active sides and the chemical reactions
are taking place now let's look at this

1218
00:35:15,180 --> 00:35:15,190
are taking place now let's look at this

1219
00:35:15,190 --> 00:35:19,559
are taking place now let's look at this
is again a simple approach to explain

1220
00:35:19,559 --> 00:35:19,569
is again a simple approach to explain

1221
00:35:19,569 --> 00:35:23,550
is again a simple approach to explain
how the substrates and the enzyme active

1222
00:35:23,550 --> 00:35:23,560
how the substrates and the enzyme active

1223
00:35:23,560 --> 00:35:26,880
how the substrates and the enzyme active
sites fit to each other right this is

1224
00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:26,890
sites fit to each other right this is

1225
00:35:26,890 --> 00:35:29,069
sites fit to each other right this is
for example like the shape of a molecule

1226
00:35:29,069 --> 00:35:29,079
for example like the shape of a molecule

1227
00:35:29,079 --> 00:35:31,230
for example like the shape of a molecule
substrate molecule what does that mean

1228
00:35:31,230 --> 00:35:31,240
substrate molecule what does that mean

1229
00:35:31,240 --> 00:35:33,089
substrate molecule what does that mean
that means that reactant molecule right

1230
00:35:33,089 --> 00:35:33,099
that means that reactant molecule right

1231
00:35:33,099 --> 00:35:35,339
that means that reactant molecule right
biological reactions and it comes and

1232
00:35:35,339 --> 00:35:35,349
biological reactions and it comes and

1233
00:35:35,349 --> 00:35:39,270
biological reactions and it comes and
fit to this place like this then the

1234
00:35:39,270 --> 00:35:39,280
fit to this place like this then the

1235
00:35:39,280 --> 00:35:41,390
fit to this place like this then the
reaction takes place they'd simply

1236
00:35:41,390 --> 00:35:41,400
reaction takes place they'd simply

1237
00:35:41,400 --> 00:35:43,800
reaction takes place they'd simply
divides it into whatever the reaction is

1238
00:35:43,800 --> 00:35:43,810
divides it into whatever the reaction is

1239
00:35:43,810 --> 00:35:46,500
divides it into whatever the reaction is
so you see again the enzyme or the

1240
00:35:46,500 --> 00:35:46,510
so you see again the enzyme or the

1241
00:35:46,510 --> 00:35:49,500
so you see again the enzyme or the
catalyze are very specifically designed

1242
00:35:49,500 --> 00:35:49,510
catalyze are very specifically designed

1243
00:35:49,510 --> 00:35:53,970
catalyze are very specifically designed
to accept that substrate there so that

1244
00:35:53,970 --> 00:35:53,980
to accept that substrate there so that

1245
00:35:53,980 --> 00:35:56,520
to accept that substrate there so that
the proper reaction biological reaction

1246
00:35:56,520 --> 00:35:56,530
the proper reaction biological reaction

1247
00:35:56,530 --> 00:35:58,349
the proper reaction biological reaction
will take place and the proper product

1248
00:35:58,349 --> 00:35:58,359
will take place and the proper product

1249
00:35:58,359 --> 00:36:00,450
will take place and the proper product
will forms otherwise there would be

1250
00:36:00,450 --> 00:36:00,460
will forms otherwise there would be

1251
00:36:00,460 --> 00:36:04,680
will forms otherwise there would be
nothing actually okay now let's go to

1252
00:36:04,680 --> 00:36:04,690
nothing actually okay now let's go to

1253
00:36:04,690 --> 00:36:23,610
nothing actually okay now let's go to
the

1254
00:36:23,610 --> 00:36:23,620

1255
00:36:23,620 --> 00:36:43,120
chapter 15

1256
00:36:43,120 --> 00:36:43,130

1257
00:36:43,130 --> 00:36:46,170
these topics chemical kinetics or

1258
00:36:46,170 --> 00:36:46,180
these topics chemical kinetics or

1259
00:36:46,180 --> 00:36:50,700
these topics chemical kinetics or
chemical equilibrium are easier to

1260
00:36:50,700 --> 00:36:50,710
chemical equilibrium are easier to

1261
00:36:50,710 --> 00:37:05,490
chemical equilibrium are easier to
understand actually than the others

1262
00:37:05,490 --> 00:37:05,500

1263
00:37:05,500 --> 00:37:08,800
now chemical equilibrium what is its

1264
00:37:08,800 --> 00:37:08,810
now chemical equilibrium what is its

1265
00:37:08,810 --> 00:37:14,400
now chemical equilibrium what is its
chemical equilibrium actually all

1266
00:37:14,400 --> 00:37:14,410
chemical equilibrium actually all

1267
00:37:14,410 --> 00:37:21,280
chemical equilibrium actually all
chemical reactions are reversible now

1268
00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:21,290
chemical reactions are reversible now

1269
00:37:21,290 --> 00:37:24,250
chemical reactions are reversible now
what does that means for example a plus

1270
00:37:24,250 --> 00:37:24,260
what does that means for example a plus

1271
00:37:24,260 --> 00:37:30,040
what does that means for example a plus
B going to C plus D just an example if

1272
00:37:30,040 --> 00:37:30,050
B going to C plus D just an example if

1273
00:37:30,050 --> 00:37:33,460
B going to C plus D just an example if
this reaction is reversible that means

1274
00:37:33,460 --> 00:37:33,470
this reaction is reversible that means

1275
00:37:33,470 --> 00:37:38,350
this reaction is reversible that means
that when you start with a and B you get

1276
00:37:38,350 --> 00:37:38,360
that when you start with a and B you get

1277
00:37:38,360 --> 00:37:43,690
that when you start with a and B you get
C and D now if you start with C and D

1278
00:37:43,690 --> 00:37:43,700
C and D now if you start with C and D

1279
00:37:43,700 --> 00:37:48,880
C and D now if you start with C and D
only you will get a and B so these kind

1280
00:37:48,880 --> 00:37:48,890
only you will get a and B so these kind

1281
00:37:48,890 --> 00:37:50,400
only you will get a and B so these kind
of reactions are called

1282
00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:50,410
of reactions are called

1283
00:37:50,410 --> 00:37:53,800
of reactions are called
reversible reactions right so this is

1284
00:37:53,800 --> 00:37:53,810
reversible reactions right so this is

1285
00:37:53,810 --> 00:38:00,670
reversible reactions right so this is
called reversible reaction reversible

1286
00:38:00,670 --> 00:38:00,680
called reversible reaction reversible

1287
00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:07,000
called reversible reaction reversible
reaction now what does this means that

1288
00:38:07,000 --> 00:38:07,010
reaction now what does this means that

1289
00:38:07,010 --> 00:38:11,740
reaction now what does this means that
means that at the beginning for example

1290
00:38:11,740 --> 00:38:11,750
means that at the beginning for example

1291
00:38:11,750 --> 00:38:14,070
means that at the beginning for example
you can start from here at the beginning

1292
00:38:14,070 --> 00:38:14,080
you can start from here at the beginning

1293
00:38:14,080 --> 00:38:18,060
you can start from here at the beginning
the rate of the forward reaction will be

1294
00:38:18,060 --> 00:38:18,070
the rate of the forward reaction will be

1295
00:38:18,070 --> 00:38:22,060
the rate of the forward reaction will be
simply high and the rate of the reverse

1296
00:38:22,060 --> 00:38:22,070
simply high and the rate of the reverse

1297
00:38:22,070 --> 00:38:23,290
simply high and the rate of the reverse
reaction will be

1298
00:38:23,290 --> 00:38:23,300
reaction will be

1299
00:38:23,300 --> 00:38:26,590
reaction will be
what suppose that I have started with

1300
00:38:26,590 --> 00:38:26,600
what suppose that I have started with

1301
00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:32,110
what suppose that I have started with
this only in a closed container the rate

1302
00:38:32,110 --> 00:38:32,120
this only in a closed container the rate

1303
00:38:32,120 --> 00:38:34,900
this only in a closed container the rate
of the forward reaction will be certain

1304
00:38:34,900 --> 00:38:34,910
of the forward reaction will be certain

1305
00:38:34,910 --> 00:38:37,450
of the forward reaction will be certain
values the rate of the reverse reaction

1306
00:38:37,450 --> 00:38:37,460
values the rate of the reverse reaction

1307
00:38:37,460 --> 00:38:40,840
values the rate of the reverse reaction
will be zero right why because at the

1308
00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:40,850
will be zero right why because at the

1309
00:38:40,850 --> 00:38:43,510
will be zero right why because at the
beginning I will have no C and D I

1310
00:38:43,510 --> 00:38:43,520
beginning I will have no C and D I

1311
00:38:43,520 --> 00:38:47,260
beginning I will have no C and D I
started with only a and B but as the

1312
00:38:47,260 --> 00:38:47,270
started with only a and B but as the

1313
00:38:47,270 --> 00:38:51,010
started with only a and B but as the
time goes on because in creations of the

1314
00:38:51,010 --> 00:38:51,020
time goes on because in creations of the

1315
00:38:51,020 --> 00:38:53,980
time goes on because in creations of the
C and D will increase and as the

1316
00:38:53,980 --> 00:38:53,990
C and D will increase and as the

1317
00:38:53,990 --> 00:38:55,900
C and D will increase and as the
concentration increases what does that

1318
00:38:55,900 --> 00:38:55,910
concentration increases what does that

1319
00:38:55,910 --> 00:38:56,529
concentration increases what does that
means that

1320
00:38:56,529 --> 00:38:56,539
means that

1321
00:38:56,539 --> 00:38:58,479
means that
that means that the rate of the reverse

1322
00:38:58,479 --> 00:38:58,489
that means that the rate of the reverse

1323
00:38:58,489 --> 00:39:04,650
that means that the rate of the reverse
reaction that way will start increasing

1324
00:39:04,650 --> 00:39:04,660
reaction that way will start increasing

1325
00:39:04,660 --> 00:39:11,890
reaction that way will start increasing
right so now at the point let's call

1326
00:39:11,890 --> 00:39:11,900
right so now at the point let's call

1327
00:39:11,900 --> 00:39:14,380
right so now at the point let's call
that K forward k reverse at the point

1328
00:39:14,380 --> 00:39:14,390
that K forward k reverse at the point

1329
00:39:14,390 --> 00:39:17,880
that K forward k reverse at the point
where the rate of the forward reaction

1330
00:39:17,880 --> 00:39:17,890
where the rate of the forward reaction

1331
00:39:17,890 --> 00:39:20,620
where the rate of the forward reaction
equals to the rate of reverse reaction

1332
00:39:20,620 --> 00:39:20,630
equals to the rate of reverse reaction

1333
00:39:20,630 --> 00:39:23,969
equals to the rate of reverse reaction
what does that means that means that the

1334
00:39:23,969 --> 00:39:23,979
what does that means that means that the

1335
00:39:23,979 --> 00:39:26,829
what does that means that means that the
you can take any species here in

1336
00:39:26,829 --> 00:39:26,839
you can take any species here in

1337
00:39:26,839 --> 00:39:31,239
you can take any species here in
reactant or the product the amount of

1338
00:39:31,239 --> 00:39:31,249
reactant or the product the amount of

1339
00:39:31,249 --> 00:39:35,349
reactant or the product the amount of
that species formed in one unit time is

1340
00:39:35,349 --> 00:39:35,359
that species formed in one unit time is

1341
00:39:35,359 --> 00:39:37,479
that species formed in one unit time is
equal to the amount the same amount of

1342
00:39:37,479 --> 00:39:37,489
equal to the amount the same amount of

1343
00:39:37,489 --> 00:39:39,999
equal to the amount the same amount of
species is consumed in the same time

1344
00:39:39,999 --> 00:39:40,009
species is consumed in the same time

1345
00:39:40,009 --> 00:39:43,919
species is consumed in the same time
right that means again that the

1346
00:39:43,919 --> 00:39:43,929
right that means again that the

1347
00:39:43,929 --> 00:39:48,489
right that means again that the
concentration when we reach the rate

1348
00:39:48,489 --> 00:39:48,499
concentration when we reach the rate

1349
00:39:48,499 --> 00:39:51,370
concentration when we reach the rate
forward equal to the rate reverse let's

1350
00:39:51,370 --> 00:39:51,380
forward equal to the rate reverse let's

1351
00:39:51,380 --> 00:39:57,039
forward equal to the rate reverse let's
write it down k forward let's a and B

1352
00:39:57,039 --> 00:39:57,049
write it down k forward let's a and B

1353
00:39:57,049 --> 00:40:01,809
write it down k forward let's a and B
like this equals to K reverse and C and

1354
00:40:01,809 --> 00:40:01,819
like this equals to K reverse and C and

1355
00:40:01,819 --> 00:40:05,439
like this equals to K reverse and C and
D here like this now when these are

1356
00:40:05,439 --> 00:40:05,449
D here like this now when these are

1357
00:40:05,449 --> 00:40:09,429
D here like this now when these are
equal that means that we reach to the

1358
00:40:09,429 --> 00:40:09,439
equal that means that we reach to the

1359
00:40:09,439 --> 00:40:14,019
equal that means that we reach to the
equilibrium why from that point on the

1360
00:40:14,019 --> 00:40:14,029
equilibrium why from that point on the

1361
00:40:14,029 --> 00:40:18,759
equilibrium why from that point on the
concentrations of any species a B or C

1362
00:40:18,759 --> 00:40:18,769
concentrations of any species a B or C

1363
00:40:18,769 --> 00:40:21,909
concentrations of any species a B or C
or D will never change does that mean

1364
00:40:21,909 --> 00:40:21,919
or D will never change does that mean

1365
00:40:21,919 --> 00:40:26,549
or D will never change does that mean
the reaction stopped no the reaction

1366
00:40:26,549 --> 00:40:26,559
the reaction stopped no the reaction

1367
00:40:26,559 --> 00:40:29,620
the reaction stopped no the reaction
continued reactions in fact forward and

1368
00:40:29,620 --> 00:40:29,630
continued reactions in fact forward and

1369
00:40:29,630 --> 00:40:32,469
continued reactions in fact forward and
reverse reaction continues but with the

1370
00:40:32,469 --> 00:40:32,479
reverse reaction continues but with the

1371
00:40:32,479 --> 00:40:36,309
reverse reaction continues but with the
same rate that means that the amount of

1372
00:40:36,309 --> 00:40:36,319
same rate that means that the amount of

1373
00:40:36,319 --> 00:40:39,339
same rate that means that the amount of
any species produced and consumed per

1374
00:40:39,339 --> 00:40:39,349
any species produced and consumed per

1375
00:40:39,349 --> 00:40:41,319
any species produced and consumed per
unit time is the same that means the

1376
00:40:41,319 --> 00:40:41,329
unit time is the same that means the

1377
00:40:41,329 --> 00:40:44,049
unit time is the same that means the
concentrations are not changing another

1378
00:40:44,049 --> 00:40:44,059
concentrations are not changing another

1379
00:40:44,059 --> 00:40:47,079
concentrations are not changing another
way to describe that we say the

1380
00:40:47,079 --> 00:40:47,089
way to describe that we say the

1381
00:40:47,089 --> 00:40:49,829
way to describe that we say the
equilibrium is dynamic equilibrium

1382
00:40:49,829 --> 00:40:49,839
equilibrium is dynamic equilibrium

1383
00:40:49,839 --> 00:40:53,189
equilibrium is dynamic equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium so this is the

1384
00:40:53,189 --> 00:40:53,199
dynamic equilibrium so this is the

1385
00:40:53,199 --> 00:41:01,120
dynamic equilibrium so this is the
dynamic equilibrium that means reactions

1386
00:41:01,120 --> 00:41:01,130
dynamic equilibrium that means reactions

1387
00:41:01,130 --> 00:41:05,349
dynamic equilibrium that means reactions
did not stop but the rates are equal in

1388
00:41:05,349 --> 00:41:05,359
did not stop but the rates are equal in

1389
00:41:05,359 --> 00:41:09,670
did not stop but the rates are equal in
both directions dynamic equilibrium and

1390
00:41:09,670 --> 00:41:09,680
both directions dynamic equilibrium and

1391
00:41:09,680 --> 00:41:14,000
both directions dynamic equilibrium and
actually almost all reactions are

1392
00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:14,010
actually almost all reactions are

1393
00:41:14,010 --> 00:41:22,870
actually almost all reactions are
reversible and and almost all reactions

1394
00:41:22,870 --> 00:41:22,880
reversible and and almost all reactions

1395
00:41:22,880 --> 00:41:27,859
reversible and and almost all reactions
have equilibrium constant which is

1396
00:41:27,859 --> 00:41:27,869
have equilibrium constant which is

1397
00:41:27,869 --> 00:41:33,920
have equilibrium constant which is
actually this the if I simply rearrange

1398
00:41:33,920 --> 00:41:33,930
actually this the if I simply rearrange

1399
00:41:33,930 --> 00:41:42,349
actually this the if I simply rearrange
that K reverse divided by K forward yes

1400
00:41:42,349 --> 00:41:42,359
that K reverse divided by K forward yes

1401
00:41:42,359 --> 00:41:47,569
that K reverse divided by K forward yes
no just the opposite here if I take this

1402
00:41:47,569 --> 00:41:47,579
no just the opposite here if I take this

1403
00:41:47,579 --> 00:41:50,150
no just the opposite here if I take this
over here that over there

1404
00:41:50,150 --> 00:41:50,160
over here that over there

1405
00:41:50,160 --> 00:41:53,390
over here that over there
I will be again as follow K forward

1406
00:41:53,390 --> 00:41:53,400
I will be again as follow K forward

1407
00:41:53,400 --> 00:41:57,220
I will be again as follow K forward
divided by K reverse will be equals to

1408
00:41:57,220 --> 00:41:57,230
divided by K reverse will be equals to

1409
00:41:57,230 --> 00:41:59,779
divided by K reverse will be equals to
concentrations of C times the

1410
00:41:59,779 --> 00:41:59,789
concentrations of C times the

1411
00:41:59,789 --> 00:42:02,450
concentrations of C times the
concentrations of D and divided by

1412
00:42:02,450 --> 00:42:02,460
concentrations of D and divided by

1413
00:42:02,460 --> 00:42:05,059
concentrations of D and divided by
concentrations of a and concentrations

1414
00:42:05,059 --> 00:42:05,069
concentrations of a and concentrations

1415
00:42:05,069 --> 00:42:10,010
concentrations of a and concentrations
of B so this is simply as long as the

1416
00:42:10,010 --> 00:42:10,020
of B so this is simply as long as the

1417
00:42:10,020 --> 00:42:15,890
of B so this is simply as long as the
temperature is constant KF and kr will

1418
00:42:15,890 --> 00:42:15,900
temperature is constant KF and kr will

1419
00:42:15,900 --> 00:42:18,289
temperature is constant KF and kr will
be the same right they will not change

1420
00:42:18,289 --> 00:42:18,299
be the same right they will not change

1421
00:42:18,299 --> 00:42:20,329
be the same right they will not change
what does that mean that means the ratio

1422
00:42:20,329 --> 00:42:20,339
what does that mean that means the ratio

1423
00:42:20,339 --> 00:42:23,359
what does that mean that means the ratio
which is I described here as K sub C

1424
00:42:23,359 --> 00:42:23,369
which is I described here as K sub C

1425
00:42:23,369 --> 00:42:25,549
which is I described here as K sub C
that means the equilibrium constant in

1426
00:42:25,549 --> 00:42:25,559
that means the equilibrium constant in

1427
00:42:25,559 --> 00:42:26,779
that means the equilibrium constant in
terms of concentration molar

1428
00:42:26,779 --> 00:42:26,789
terms of concentration molar

1429
00:42:26,789 --> 00:42:29,079
terms of concentration molar
concentrations will never change so

1430
00:42:29,079 --> 00:42:29,089
concentrations will never change so

1431
00:42:29,089 --> 00:42:33,230
concentrations will never change so
every reaction will have an equilibrium

1432
00:42:33,230 --> 00:42:33,240
every reaction will have an equilibrium

1433
00:42:33,240 --> 00:42:36,289
every reaction will have an equilibrium
constant actually every reaction is

1434
00:42:36,289 --> 00:42:36,299
constant actually every reaction is

1435
00:42:36,299 --> 00:42:41,859
constant actually every reaction is
reversible but sometimes we just say I

1436
00:42:41,859 --> 00:42:41,869
reversible but sometimes we just say I

1437
00:42:41,869 --> 00:42:47,120
reversible but sometimes we just say I
reacted a and B and I get product C and

1438
00:42:47,120 --> 00:42:47,130
reacted a and B and I get product C and

1439
00:42:47,130 --> 00:42:51,349
reacted a and B and I get product C and
D it's complete reaction no the reaction

1440
00:42:51,349 --> 00:42:51,359
D it's complete reaction no the reaction

1441
00:42:51,359 --> 00:42:58,400
D it's complete reaction no the reaction
is never complete but if the when we

1442
00:42:58,400 --> 00:42:58,410
is never complete but if the when we

1443
00:42:58,410 --> 00:43:01,039
is never complete but if the when we
wish to the equilibrium if the

1444
00:43:01,039 --> 00:43:01,049
wish to the equilibrium if the

1445
00:43:01,049 --> 00:43:03,859
wish to the equilibrium if the
concentrations of the reactants are much

1446
00:43:03,859 --> 00:43:03,869
concentrations of the reactants are much

1447
00:43:03,869 --> 00:43:07,010
concentrations of the reactants are much
much smaller than the concentrations of

1448
00:43:07,010 --> 00:43:07,020
much smaller than the concentrations of

1449
00:43:07,020 --> 00:43:12,079
much smaller than the concentrations of
the product what does that means that

1450
00:43:12,079 --> 00:43:12,089
the product what does that means that

1451
00:43:12,089 --> 00:43:14,120
the product what does that means that
means this is very very small this is

1452
00:43:14,120 --> 00:43:14,130
means this is very very small this is

1453
00:43:14,130 --> 00:43:16,430
means this is very very small this is
very high what does that means KC will

1454
00:43:16,430 --> 00:43:16,440
very high what does that means KC will

1455
00:43:16,440 --> 00:43:20,359
very high what does that means KC will
be very large

1456
00:43:20,359 --> 00:43:20,369
be very large

1457
00:43:20,369 --> 00:43:22,650
be very large
going to infinite for example

1458
00:43:22,650 --> 00:43:22,660
going to infinite for example

1459
00:43:22,660 --> 00:43:28,499
going to infinite for example
right if 99.99% of the reactants are

1460
00:43:28,499 --> 00:43:28,509
right if 99.99% of the reactants are

1461
00:43:28,509 --> 00:43:30,930
right if 99.99% of the reactants are
converted to the products KC would be

1462
00:43:30,930 --> 00:43:30,940
converted to the products KC would be

1463
00:43:30,940 --> 00:43:35,700
converted to the products KC would be
very large so for those reaction we say

1464
00:43:35,700 --> 00:43:35,710
very large so for those reaction we say

1465
00:43:35,710 --> 00:43:37,349
very large so for those reaction we say
the reaction is taking place in one

1466
00:43:37,349 --> 00:43:37,359
the reaction is taking place in one

1467
00:43:37,359 --> 00:43:39,480
the reaction is taking place in one
direction it's a complete reaction but

1468
00:43:39,480 --> 00:43:39,490
direction it's a complete reaction but

1469
00:43:39,490 --> 00:43:42,660
direction it's a complete reaction but
it is not on the other side if the

1470
00:43:42,660 --> 00:43:42,670
it is not on the other side if the

1471
00:43:42,670 --> 00:43:45,509
it is not on the other side if the
equilibrium constant is very very small

1472
00:43:45,509 --> 00:43:45,519
equilibrium constant is very very small

1473
00:43:45,519 --> 00:43:48,029
equilibrium constant is very very small
10 to the minus 20 10 to the minus 30

1474
00:43:48,029 --> 00:43:48,039
10 to the minus 20 10 to the minus 30

1475
00:43:48,039 --> 00:43:50,339
10 to the minus 20 10 to the minus 30
what does that means that means very

1476
00:43:50,339 --> 00:43:50,349
what does that means that means very

1477
00:43:50,349 --> 00:43:52,920
what does that means that means very
very small amount of a and B reactants

1478
00:43:52,920 --> 00:43:52,930
very small amount of a and B reactants

1479
00:43:52,930 --> 00:43:54,900
very small amount of a and B reactants
is converted to the product very small

1480
00:43:54,900 --> 00:43:54,910
is converted to the product very small

1481
00:43:54,910 --> 00:43:58,289
is converted to the product very small
let's say 10 to the minus 11 percent

1482
00:43:58,289 --> 00:43:58,299
let's say 10 to the minus 11 percent

1483
00:43:58,299 --> 00:44:02,309
let's say 10 to the minus 11 percent
whatever now those reaction when we deal

1484
00:44:02,309 --> 00:44:02,319
whatever now those reaction when we deal

1485
00:44:02,319 --> 00:44:04,559
whatever now those reaction when we deal
with reactions like that we just say the

1486
00:44:04,559 --> 00:44:04,569
with reactions like that we just say the

1487
00:44:04,569 --> 00:44:06,349
with reactions like that we just say the
reaction is not taking place right

1488
00:44:06,349 --> 00:44:06,359
reaction is not taking place right

1489
00:44:06,359 --> 00:44:09,359
reaction is not taking place right
because the amount of the product that

1490
00:44:09,359 --> 00:44:09,369
because the amount of the product that

1491
00:44:09,369 --> 00:44:11,700
because the amount of the product that
formed when we reach to the equilibrium

1492
00:44:11,700 --> 00:44:11,710
formed when we reach to the equilibrium

1493
00:44:11,710 --> 00:44:14,640
formed when we reach to the equilibrium
is so small even sometimes we can't

1494
00:44:14,640 --> 00:44:14,650
is so small even sometimes we can't

1495
00:44:14,650 --> 00:44:17,640
is so small even sometimes we can't
collect it we cannot even detect it

1496
00:44:17,640 --> 00:44:17,650
collect it we cannot even detect it

1497
00:44:17,650 --> 00:44:19,819
collect it we cannot even detect it
right but we will always remember

1498
00:44:19,819 --> 00:44:19,829
right but we will always remember

1499
00:44:19,829 --> 00:44:23,130
right but we will always remember
reactions are reversible every reactions

1500
00:44:23,130 --> 00:44:23,140
reactions are reversible every reactions

1501
00:44:23,140 --> 00:44:26,940
reactions are reversible every reactions
has an equilibrium constant but for

1502
00:44:26,940 --> 00:44:26,950
has an equilibrium constant but for

1503
00:44:26,950 --> 00:44:28,769
has an equilibrium constant but for
those reactions that have very very

1504
00:44:28,769 --> 00:44:28,779
those reactions that have very very

1505
00:44:28,779 --> 00:44:30,660
those reactions that have very very
large equilibrium constant we just say

1506
00:44:30,660 --> 00:44:30,670
large equilibrium constant we just say

1507
00:44:30,670 --> 00:44:32,220
large equilibrium constant we just say
that the reaction is taking place in one

1508
00:44:32,220 --> 00:44:32,230
that the reaction is taking place in one

1509
00:44:32,230 --> 00:44:34,769
that the reaction is taking place in one
direction for those reactions which have

1510
00:44:34,769 --> 00:44:34,779
direction for those reactions which have

1511
00:44:34,779 --> 00:44:37,440
direction for those reactions which have
a very very small equilibrium constant

1512
00:44:37,440 --> 00:44:37,450
a very very small equilibrium constant

1513
00:44:37,450 --> 00:44:39,120
a very very small equilibrium constant
we say the reaction is not taking place

1514
00:44:39,120 --> 00:44:39,130
we say the reaction is not taking place

1515
00:44:39,130 --> 00:44:42,660
we say the reaction is not taking place
right but in reality it's not that way I

1516
00:44:42,660 --> 00:44:42,670
right but in reality it's not that way I

1517
00:44:42,670 --> 00:44:48,680
right but in reality it's not that way I
mean okay let's look at the example here

1518
00:44:48,680 --> 00:44:48,690
mean okay let's look at the example here

1519
00:44:48,690 --> 00:44:51,660
mean okay let's look at the example here
the same things again chemical Goutham

1520
00:44:51,660 --> 00:44:51,670
the same things again chemical Goutham

1521
00:44:51,670 --> 00:44:53,849
the same things again chemical Goutham
occurs when a reaction and its reverse

1522
00:44:53,849 --> 00:44:53,859
occurs when a reaction and its reverse

1523
00:44:53,859 --> 00:44:56,490
occurs when a reaction and its reverse
reaction proceeds at the same rate as we

1524
00:44:56,490 --> 00:44:56,500
reaction proceeds at the same rate as we

1525
00:44:56,500 --> 00:44:59,789
reaction proceeds at the same rate as we
said over here in the figure above the

1526
00:44:59,789 --> 00:44:59,799
said over here in the figure above the

1527
00:44:59,799 --> 00:45:01,140
said over here in the figure above the
equilibrium is finally reach in the

1528
00:45:01,140 --> 00:45:01,150
equilibrium is finally reach in the

1529
00:45:01,150 --> 00:45:04,019
equilibrium is finally reach in the
third picture this is the decompositions

1530
00:45:04,019 --> 00:45:04,029
third picture this is the decompositions

1531
00:45:04,029 --> 00:45:09,509
third picture this is the decompositions
of n2o4 - 2 no2 molecule and actually

1532
00:45:09,509 --> 00:45:09,519
of n2o4 - 2 no2 molecule and actually

1533
00:45:09,519 --> 00:45:12,859
of n2o4 - 2 no2 molecule and actually
the colors are different n2o4 molecule

1534
00:45:12,859 --> 00:45:12,869
the colors are different n2o4 molecule

1535
00:45:12,869 --> 00:45:16,859
the colors are different n2o4 molecule
colorless gas and the others are brown

1536
00:45:16,859 --> 00:45:16,869
colorless gas and the others are brown

1537
00:45:16,869 --> 00:45:20,039
colorless gas and the others are brown
color and you can see that now this is

1538
00:45:20,039 --> 00:45:20,049
color and you can see that now this is

1539
00:45:20,049 --> 00:45:23,839
color and you can see that now this is
again shows how the concentration of the

1540
00:45:23,839 --> 00:45:23,849
again shows how the concentration of the

1541
00:45:23,849 --> 00:45:26,640
again shows how the concentration of the
reactants and the products changes as

1542
00:45:26,640 --> 00:45:26,650
reactants and the products changes as

1543
00:45:26,650 --> 00:45:29,730
reactants and the products changes as
the reaction goes on and also the rate

1544
00:45:29,730 --> 00:45:29,740
the reaction goes on and also the rate

1545
00:45:29,740 --> 00:45:32,130
the reaction goes on and also the rate
of the reaction you see again at the

1546
00:45:32,130 --> 00:45:32,140
of the reaction you see again at the

1547
00:45:32,140 --> 00:45:34,289
of the reaction you see again at the
beginning for example if we started with

1548
00:45:34,289 --> 00:45:34,299
beginning for example if we started with

1549
00:45:34,299 --> 00:45:37,940
beginning for example if we started with
n 2 o 4

1550
00:45:37,940 --> 00:45:37,950

1551
00:45:37,950 --> 00:45:44,820
come on come on it's shame I PR be like

1552
00:45:44,820 --> 00:45:44,830
come on come on it's shame I PR be like

1553
00:45:44,830 --> 00:45:46,680
come on come on it's shame I PR be like
Oh true shake it up category since I put

1554
00:45:46,680 --> 00:45:46,690
Oh true shake it up category since I put

1555
00:45:46,690 --> 00:45:47,630
Oh true shake it up category since I put
the Black Madonna

1556
00:45:47,630 --> 00:45:47,640
the Black Madonna

1557
00:45:47,640 --> 00:45:49,800
the Black Madonna
maurella meatballs might not about me

1558
00:45:49,800 --> 00:45:49,810
maurella meatballs might not about me

1559
00:45:49,810 --> 00:45:52,790
maurella meatballs might not about me
I'm not poms around

1560
00:45:52,790 --> 00:45:52,800

1561
00:45:52,800 --> 00:46:00,680
luckily someone bigger than okay so the

1562
00:46:00,680 --> 00:46:00,690
luckily someone bigger than okay so the

1563
00:46:00,690 --> 00:46:02,580
luckily someone bigger than okay so the
concentration at the beginning if you

1564
00:46:02,580 --> 00:46:02,590
concentration at the beginning if you

1565
00:46:02,590 --> 00:46:04,680
concentration at the beginning if you
start with n 2 O 4 just like same as

1566
00:46:04,680 --> 00:46:04,690
start with n 2 O 4 just like same as

1567
00:46:04,690 --> 00:46:09,180
start with n 2 O 4 just like same as
here highest here and decreases at the

1568
00:46:09,180 --> 00:46:09,190
here highest here and decreases at the

1569
00:46:09,190 --> 00:46:11,190
here highest here and decreases at the
time goes on concentrations of no.2

1570
00:46:11,190 --> 00:46:11,200
time goes on concentrations of no.2

1571
00:46:11,200 --> 00:46:13,710
time goes on concentrations of no.2
increases as time goes on the rate

1572
00:46:13,710 --> 00:46:13,720
increases as time goes on the rate

1573
00:46:13,720 --> 00:46:16,650
increases as time goes on the rate
forward and the rate reverse rate

1574
00:46:16,650 --> 00:46:16,660
forward and the rate reverse rate

1575
00:46:16,660 --> 00:46:19,200
forward and the rate reverse rate
forward decreases as the rate reverse

1576
00:46:19,200 --> 00:46:19,210
forward decreases as the rate reverse

1577
00:46:19,210 --> 00:46:21,780
forward decreases as the rate reverse
increases they will simply cross in one

1578
00:46:21,780 --> 00:46:21,790
increases they will simply cross in one

1579
00:46:21,790 --> 00:46:23,910
increases they will simply cross in one
point that is where we have the

1580
00:46:23,910 --> 00:46:23,920
point that is where we have the

1581
00:46:23,920 --> 00:46:25,770
point that is where we have the
equilibrium right that's where we have

1582
00:46:25,770 --> 00:46:25,780
equilibrium right that's where we have

1583
00:46:25,780 --> 00:46:27,600
equilibrium right that's where we have
the equilibrium and we can write down

1584
00:46:27,600 --> 00:46:27,610
the equilibrium and we can write down

1585
00:46:27,610 --> 00:46:30,210
the equilibrium and we can write down
the equilibrium concentration

1586
00:46:30,210 --> 00:46:30,220
the equilibrium concentration

1587
00:46:30,220 --> 00:46:32,670
the equilibrium concentration
equilibrium concentrations and

1588
00:46:32,670 --> 00:46:32,680
equilibrium concentrations and

1589
00:46:32,680 --> 00:46:33,990
equilibrium concentrations and
equilibrium expressions I should

1590
00:46:33,990 --> 00:46:34,000
equilibrium expressions I should

1591
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:43,170
equilibrium expressions I should
probably say and finally we get the

1592
00:46:43,170 --> 00:46:43,180
probably say and finally we get the

1593
00:46:43,180 --> 00:46:45,090
probably say and finally we get the
constant and that is called the

1594
00:46:45,090 --> 00:46:45,100
constant and that is called the

1595
00:46:45,100 --> 00:46:49,380
constant and that is called the
equilibrium constant okay I guess we

1596
00:46:49,380 --> 00:46:49,390
equilibrium constant okay I guess we

1597
00:46:49,390 --> 00:46:51,990
equilibrium constant okay I guess we
will stop here