1 00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:10,840 starts where we left last time remember 2 00:00:10,840 --> 00:00:10,850 starts where we left last time remember 3 00:00:10,850 --> 00:00:12,080 starts where we left last time remember we were talking 4 00:00:12,080 --> 00:00:12,090 we were talking 5 00:00:12,090 --> 00:00:14,110 we were talking we here 6 00:00:14,110 --> 00:00:14,120 we here 7 00:00:14,120 --> 00:00:18,250 we here ocean and particularly nitrogen oxides 8 00:00:18,250 --> 00:00:18,260 ocean and particularly nitrogen oxides 9 00:00:18,260 --> 00:00:21,490 ocean and particularly nitrogen oxides and the smog as we see here you and 10 00:00:21,490 --> 00:00:21,500 and the smog as we see here you and 11 00:00:21,500 --> 00:00:25,359 and the smog as we see here you and usually we see those above the skies of 12 00:00:25,359 --> 00:00:25,369 usually we see those above the skies of 13 00:00:25,369 --> 00:00:28,600 usually we see those above the skies of the big cities during the wintertime 14 00:00:28,600 --> 00:00:28,610 the big cities during the wintertime 15 00:00:28,610 --> 00:00:31,269 the big cities during the wintertime sometimes in the summertime - and the 16 00:00:31,269 --> 00:00:31,279 sometimes in the summertime - and the 17 00:00:31,279 --> 00:00:34,030 sometimes in the summertime - and the main constituent there is the oxides of 18 00:00:34,030 --> 00:00:34,040 main constituent there is the oxides of 19 00:00:34,040 --> 00:00:37,420 main constituent there is the oxides of nitrogen nitrogen oxide actually you 20 00:00:37,420 --> 00:00:37,430 nitrogen nitrogen oxide actually you 21 00:00:37,430 --> 00:00:40,209 nitrogen nitrogen oxide actually you know comes from the engines automobile 22 00:00:40,209 --> 00:00:40,219 know comes from the engines automobile 23 00:00:40,219 --> 00:00:43,450 know comes from the engines automobile engines mostly and as soon as it comes 24 00:00:43,450 --> 00:00:43,460 engines mostly and as soon as it comes 25 00:00:43,460 --> 00:00:47,650 engines mostly and as soon as it comes out from the exhaust pipe it is 26 00:00:47,650 --> 00:00:47,660 out from the exhaust pipe it is 27 00:00:47,660 --> 00:00:50,889 out from the exhaust pipe it is converted to the no.2 and actually that 28 00:00:50,889 --> 00:00:50,899 converted to the no.2 and actually that 29 00:00:50,899 --> 00:00:54,959 converted to the no.2 and actually that no.2 is the one which gives that color 30 00:00:54,959 --> 00:00:54,969 no.2 is the one which gives that color 31 00:00:54,969 --> 00:00:58,869 no.2 is the one which gives that color to this month smug is the combination of 32 00:00:58,869 --> 00:00:58,879 to this month smug is the combination of 33 00:00:58,879 --> 00:01:01,829 to this month smug is the combination of the word derived from the smoke and fog 34 00:01:01,829 --> 00:01:01,839 the word derived from the smoke and fog 35 00:01:01,839 --> 00:01:04,570 the word derived from the smoke and fog those combinations I guess in England 36 00:01:04,570 --> 00:01:04,580 those combinations I guess in England 37 00:01:04,580 --> 00:01:08,140 those combinations I guess in England they derived the word smug and in 38 00:01:08,140 --> 00:01:08,150 they derived the word smug and in 39 00:01:08,150 --> 00:01:10,090 they derived the word smug and in addition to the nitrogen oxide there are 40 00:01:10,090 --> 00:01:10,100 addition to the nitrogen oxide there are 41 00:01:10,100 --> 00:01:13,330 addition to the nitrogen oxide there are other pollutants actually in this smog 42 00:01:13,330 --> 00:01:13,340 other pollutants actually in this smog 43 00:01:13,340 --> 00:01:15,969 other pollutants actually in this smog and as I said last time this simply 44 00:01:15,969 --> 00:01:15,979 and as I said last time this simply 45 00:01:15,979 --> 00:01:19,770 and as I said last time this simply takes place when you have special 46 00:01:19,770 --> 00:01:19,780 takes place when you have special 47 00:01:19,780 --> 00:01:23,260 takes place when you have special weather conditions and it is usually as 48 00:01:23,260 --> 00:01:23,270 weather conditions and it is usually as 49 00:01:23,270 --> 00:01:26,770 weather conditions and it is usually as follow simply as you go about the earth 50 00:01:26,770 --> 00:01:26,780 follow simply as you go about the earth 51 00:01:26,780 --> 00:01:29,530 follow simply as you go about the earth the temperature decreases normally right 52 00:01:29,530 --> 00:01:29,540 the temperature decreases normally right 53 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:33,070 the temperature decreases normally right but sometimes some weather conditions at 54 00:01:33,070 --> 00:01:33,080 but sometimes some weather conditions at 55 00:01:33,080 --> 00:01:36,040 but sometimes some weather conditions at somewhere around here where the smug 56 00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:36,050 somewhere around here where the smug 57 00:01:36,050 --> 00:01:39,570 somewhere around here where the smug simply forms the temperature below is 58 00:01:39,570 --> 00:01:39,580 simply forms the temperature below is 59 00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:41,560 simply forms the temperature below is actually lower than the temperature 60 00:01:41,560 --> 00:01:41,570 actually lower than the temperature 61 00:01:41,570 --> 00:01:45,430 actually lower than the temperature above and that polluted air that smug 62 00:01:45,430 --> 00:01:45,440 above and that polluted air that smug 63 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:48,280 above and that polluted air that smug actually trapped in there and stays for 64 00:01:48,280 --> 00:01:48,290 actually trapped in there and stays for 65 00:01:48,290 --> 00:01:50,140 actually trapped in there and stays for a long time it can't really go up 66 00:01:50,140 --> 00:01:50,150 a long time it can't really go up 67 00:01:50,150 --> 00:01:52,630 a long time it can't really go up because of that inversion it's called 68 00:01:52,630 --> 00:01:52,640 because of that inversion it's called 69 00:01:52,640 --> 00:01:56,290 because of that inversion it's called inversion which is not normal conditions 70 00:01:56,290 --> 00:01:56,300 inversion which is not normal conditions 71 00:01:56,300 --> 00:01:57,820 inversion which is not normal conditions actually for the weather but it 72 00:01:57,820 --> 00:01:57,830 actually for the weather but it 73 00:01:57,830 --> 00:02:01,240 actually for the weather but it sometimes happens and we see those smug 74 00:02:01,240 --> 00:02:01,250 sometimes happens and we see those smug 75 00:02:01,250 --> 00:02:04,720 sometimes happens and we see those smug as a matter of fact okay now the 76 00:02:04,720 --> 00:02:04,730 as a matter of fact okay now the 77 00:02:04,730 --> 00:02:07,450 as a matter of fact okay now the greenhouse effect again we have to 78 00:02:07,450 --> 00:02:07,460 greenhouse effect again we have to 79 00:02:07,460 --> 00:02:12,640 greenhouse effect again we have to remember that the earth simply there are 80 00:02:12,640 --> 00:02:12,650 remember that the earth simply there are 81 00:02:12,650 --> 00:02:14,550 remember that the earth simply there are three things 82 00:02:14,550 --> 00:02:14,560 three things 83 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:17,110 three things that makes the life possible on the 84 00:02:17,110 --> 00:02:17,120 that makes the life possible on the 85 00:02:17,120 --> 00:02:19,569 that makes the life possible on the earth one is the energy coming from the 86 00:02:19,569 --> 00:02:19,579 earth one is the energy coming from the 87 00:02:19,579 --> 00:02:26,399 earth one is the energy coming from the Sun and the second one is the atmosphere 88 00:02:26,399 --> 00:02:26,409 Sun and the second one is the atmosphere 89 00:02:26,409 --> 00:02:29,589 Sun and the second one is the atmosphere and the third one is the water right 90 00:02:29,589 --> 00:02:29,599 and the third one is the water right 91 00:02:29,599 --> 00:02:34,390 and the third one is the water right energy atmosphere and water now you have 92 00:02:34,390 --> 00:02:34,400 energy atmosphere and water now you have 93 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,470 energy atmosphere and water now you have to simply imagine that as the heat 94 00:02:38,470 --> 00:02:38,480 to simply imagine that as the heat 95 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:41,530 to simply imagine that as the heat absorbed coming from the Sun in the form 96 00:02:41,530 --> 00:02:41,540 absorbed coming from the Sun in the form 97 00:02:41,540 --> 00:02:43,690 absorbed coming from the Sun in the form of radiations different form of 98 00:02:43,690 --> 00:02:43,700 of radiations different form of 99 00:02:43,700 --> 00:02:46,629 of radiations different form of radiations but some of the energy is 100 00:02:46,629 --> 00:02:46,639 radiations but some of the energy is 101 00:02:46,639 --> 00:02:49,599 radiations but some of the energy is also dissipated from the earth to the 102 00:02:49,599 --> 00:02:49,609 also dissipated from the earth to the 103 00:02:49,609 --> 00:02:53,710 also dissipated from the earth to the space again and to keep the proper 104 00:02:53,710 --> 00:02:53,720 space again and to keep the proper 105 00:02:53,720 --> 00:02:56,080 space again and to keep the proper temperatures on the Earth's surface 106 00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:56,090 temperatures on the Earth's surface 107 00:02:56,090 --> 00:02:57,759 temperatures on the Earth's surface actually right 108 00:02:57,759 --> 00:02:57,769 actually right 109 00:02:57,769 --> 00:02:59,729 actually right then there has to be an equilibrium 110 00:02:59,729 --> 00:02:59,739 then there has to be an equilibrium 111 00:02:59,739 --> 00:03:03,129 then there has to be an equilibrium between this energy given off by the 112 00:03:03,129 --> 00:03:03,139 between this energy given off by the 113 00:03:03,139 --> 00:03:05,740 between this energy given off by the earth and the energy taken from the Sun 114 00:03:05,740 --> 00:03:05,750 earth and the energy taken from the Sun 115 00:03:05,750 --> 00:03:09,729 earth and the energy taken from the Sun again and if this temperature simply 116 00:03:09,729 --> 00:03:09,739 again and if this temperature simply 117 00:03:09,739 --> 00:03:11,619 again and if this temperature simply changes that means the global 118 00:03:11,619 --> 00:03:11,629 changes that means the global 119 00:03:11,629 --> 00:03:14,099 changes that means the global temperature changes then we see a lot of 120 00:03:14,099 --> 00:03:14,109 temperature changes then we see a lot of 121 00:03:14,109 --> 00:03:16,780 temperature changes then we see a lot of changes in the climate and we see 122 00:03:16,780 --> 00:03:16,790 changes in the climate and we see 123 00:03:16,790 --> 00:03:21,280 changes in the climate and we see changes in the current of the oceans 124 00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:21,290 changes in the current of the oceans 125 00:03:21,290 --> 00:03:23,199 changes in the current of the oceans actually and the winds and things like 126 00:03:23,199 --> 00:03:23,209 actually and the winds and things like 127 00:03:23,209 --> 00:03:26,319 actually and the winds and things like that actually the climate changes as a 128 00:03:26,319 --> 00:03:26,329 that actually the climate changes as a 129 00:03:26,329 --> 00:03:30,610 that actually the climate changes as a matter of fact now but what we have 130 00:03:30,610 --> 00:03:30,620 matter of fact now but what we have 131 00:03:30,620 --> 00:03:37,719 matter of fact now but what we have again as to keep the temperature of the 132 00:03:37,719 --> 00:03:37,729 again as to keep the temperature of the 133 00:03:37,729 --> 00:03:40,960 again as to keep the temperature of the surface particularly at night earth 134 00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:40,970 surface particularly at night earth 135 00:03:40,970 --> 00:03:45,580 surface particularly at night earth surface the heat that scattered from the 136 00:03:45,580 --> 00:03:45,590 surface the heat that scattered from the 137 00:03:45,590 --> 00:03:48,490 surface the heat that scattered from the surface in the form of infrared 138 00:03:48,490 --> 00:03:48,500 surface in the form of infrared 139 00:03:48,500 --> 00:03:52,539 surface in the form of infrared radiations into the sky actually is 140 00:03:52,539 --> 00:03:52,549 radiations into the sky actually is 141 00:03:52,549 --> 00:03:56,589 radiations into the sky actually is trapped by certain gases in the 142 00:03:56,589 --> 00:03:56,599 trapped by certain gases in the 143 00:03:56,599 --> 00:03:59,490 trapped by certain gases in the atmosphere and these gases are called 144 00:03:59,490 --> 00:03:59,500 atmosphere and these gases are called 145 00:03:59,500 --> 00:04:02,710 atmosphere and these gases are called greenhouse gases greenhouse gases what 146 00:04:02,710 --> 00:04:02,720 greenhouse gases greenhouse gases what 147 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:04,899 greenhouse gases greenhouse gases what what I mean by trapping that means these 148 00:04:04,899 --> 00:04:04,909 what I mean by trapping that means these 149 00:04:04,909 --> 00:04:08,860 what I mean by trapping that means these gases particularly absorbs the infrared 150 00:04:08,860 --> 00:04:08,870 gases particularly absorbs the infrared 151 00:04:08,870 --> 00:04:11,319 gases particularly absorbs the infrared radiations that energy and then 152 00:04:11,319 --> 00:04:11,329 radiations that energy and then 153 00:04:11,329 --> 00:04:13,119 radiations that energy and then converted to the kinetic energy and that 154 00:04:13,119 --> 00:04:13,129 converted to the kinetic energy and that 155 00:04:13,129 --> 00:04:16,810 converted to the kinetic energy and that for the temperature of the earth is sort 156 00:04:16,810 --> 00:04:16,820 for the temperature of the earth is sort 157 00:04:16,820 --> 00:04:19,890 for the temperature of the earth is sort of maintained at a certain value 158 00:04:19,890 --> 00:04:19,900 of maintained at a certain value 159 00:04:19,900 --> 00:04:22,029 of maintained at a certain value particularly at night as a matter of 160 00:04:22,029 --> 00:04:22,039 particularly at night as a matter of 161 00:04:22,039 --> 00:04:26,820 particularly at night as a matter of fact and these gases that traps the 162 00:04:26,820 --> 00:04:26,830 fact and these gases that traps the 163 00:04:26,830 --> 00:04:30,059 fact and these gases that traps the heat actually in the atmosphere are the 164 00:04:30,059 --> 00:04:30,069 heat actually in the atmosphere are the 165 00:04:30,069 --> 00:04:33,089 heat actually in the atmosphere are the first one is the water vapor water vapor 166 00:04:33,089 --> 00:04:33,099 first one is the water vapor water vapor 167 00:04:33,099 --> 00:04:36,209 first one is the water vapor water vapor as the first one second one is the 168 00:04:36,209 --> 00:04:36,219 as the first one second one is the 169 00:04:36,219 --> 00:04:38,730 as the first one second one is the carbon dioxide and the third one is 170 00:04:38,730 --> 00:04:38,740 carbon dioxide and the third one is 171 00:04:38,740 --> 00:04:42,839 carbon dioxide and the third one is methane actually so these three gases 172 00:04:42,839 --> 00:04:42,849 methane actually so these three gases 173 00:04:42,849 --> 00:04:46,320 methane actually so these three gases are known as the greenhouse gases and 174 00:04:46,320 --> 00:04:46,330 are known as the greenhouse gases and 175 00:04:46,330 --> 00:04:49,920 are known as the greenhouse gases and they are absorbing the scattered 176 00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:49,930 they are absorbing the scattered 177 00:04:49,930 --> 00:04:52,439 they are absorbing the scattered infrared radiation from the surface of 178 00:04:52,439 --> 00:04:52,449 infrared radiation from the surface of 179 00:04:52,449 --> 00:04:56,580 infrared radiation from the surface of the word earth and keeps that keeps the 180 00:04:56,580 --> 00:04:56,590 the word earth and keeps that keeps the 181 00:04:56,590 --> 00:04:59,189 the word earth and keeps that keeps the temperature there sort of maintain 182 00:04:59,189 --> 00:04:59,199 temperature there sort of maintain 183 00:04:59,199 --> 00:05:04,529 temperature there sort of maintain certain values and that way there is a 184 00:05:04,529 --> 00:05:04,539 certain values and that way there is a 185 00:05:04,539 --> 00:05:08,309 certain values and that way there is a balance again right now the amount of 186 00:05:08,309 --> 00:05:08,319 balance again right now the amount of 187 00:05:08,319 --> 00:05:11,570 balance again right now the amount of these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 188 00:05:11,570 --> 00:05:11,580 these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 189 00:05:11,580 --> 00:05:17,309 these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere should be certain amounts so that the 190 00:05:17,309 --> 00:05:17,319 should be certain amounts so that the 191 00:05:17,319 --> 00:05:19,980 should be certain amounts so that the temperature of the earth will be about 192 00:05:19,980 --> 00:05:19,990 temperature of the earth will be about 193 00:05:19,990 --> 00:05:21,959 temperature of the earth will be about the same or dependent on the climates in 194 00:05:21,959 --> 00:05:21,969 the same or dependent on the climates in 195 00:05:21,969 --> 00:05:24,269 the same or dependent on the climates in fact you know will change but will stay 196 00:05:24,269 --> 00:05:24,279 fact you know will change but will stay 197 00:05:24,279 --> 00:05:26,219 fact you know will change but will stay about the same as a matter of fact now 198 00:05:26,219 --> 00:05:26,229 about the same as a matter of fact now 199 00:05:26,229 --> 00:05:28,830 about the same as a matter of fact now or average global temperature will be 200 00:05:28,830 --> 00:05:28,840 or average global temperature will be 201 00:05:28,840 --> 00:05:31,379 or average global temperature will be about the same now if you increase the 202 00:05:31,379 --> 00:05:31,389 about the same now if you increase the 203 00:05:31,389 --> 00:05:35,790 about the same now if you increase the somehow disturb this there is a balanced 204 00:05:35,790 --> 00:05:35,800 somehow disturb this there is a balanced 205 00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:37,860 somehow disturb this there is a balanced natural balance actually about the 206 00:05:37,860 --> 00:05:37,870 natural balance actually about the 207 00:05:37,870 --> 00:05:40,140 natural balance actually about the amount of these greenhouse gases that 208 00:05:40,140 --> 00:05:40,150 amount of these greenhouse gases that 209 00:05:40,150 --> 00:05:42,540 amount of these greenhouse gases that present in the atmosphere and stays 210 00:05:42,540 --> 00:05:42,550 present in the atmosphere and stays 211 00:05:42,550 --> 00:05:45,059 present in the atmosphere and stays about the same but human activities in 212 00:05:45,059 --> 00:05:45,069 about the same but human activities in 213 00:05:45,069 --> 00:05:46,829 about the same but human activities in fact due to human activities these 214 00:05:46,829 --> 00:05:46,839 fact due to human activities these 215 00:05:46,839 --> 00:05:48,959 fact due to human activities these greenhouse gases the amount of 216 00:05:48,959 --> 00:05:48,969 greenhouse gases the amount of 217 00:05:48,969 --> 00:05:50,159 greenhouse gases the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 218 00:05:50,159 --> 00:05:50,169 greenhouse gases in the atmosphere 219 00:05:50,169 --> 00:05:52,350 greenhouse gases in the atmosphere changes and when you change those 220 00:05:52,350 --> 00:05:52,360 changes and when you change those 221 00:05:52,360 --> 00:05:54,390 changes and when you change those increase in those amount actually means 222 00:05:54,390 --> 00:05:54,400 increase in those amount actually means 223 00:05:54,400 --> 00:05:57,749 increase in those amount actually means that more energy trapped on the surface 224 00:05:57,749 --> 00:05:57,759 that more energy trapped on the surface 225 00:05:57,759 --> 00:06:00,649 that more energy trapped on the surface of the earth so the global temperature 226 00:06:00,649 --> 00:06:00,659 of the earth so the global temperature 227 00:06:00,659 --> 00:06:03,899 of the earth so the global temperature increases and we don't want that because 228 00:06:03,899 --> 00:06:03,909 increases and we don't want that because 229 00:06:03,909 --> 00:06:05,730 increases and we don't want that because it affects the climate if I've acted 230 00:06:05,730 --> 00:06:05,740 it affects the climate if I've acted 231 00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:10,529 it affects the climate if I've acted climate now let's see how the change of 232 00:06:10,529 --> 00:06:10,539 climate now let's see how the change of 233 00:06:10,539 --> 00:06:12,149 climate now let's see how the change of the temperature global temperature in 234 00:06:12,149 --> 00:06:12,159 the temperature global temperature in 235 00:06:12,159 --> 00:06:17,189 the temperature global temperature in the last since 1960 actually you see 236 00:06:17,189 --> 00:06:17,199 the last since 1960 actually you see 237 00:06:17,199 --> 00:06:19,709 the last since 1960 actually you see again it's about 330 ppm this is the 238 00:06:19,709 --> 00:06:19,719 again it's about 330 ppm this is the 239 00:06:19,719 --> 00:06:25,159 again it's about 330 ppm this is the carbon dioxide actually the greenhouse 240 00:06:25,159 --> 00:06:25,169 carbon dioxide actually the greenhouse 241 00:06:25,169 --> 00:06:31,170 carbon dioxide actually the greenhouse gases that is introduced by human 242 00:06:31,170 --> 00:06:31,180 gases that is introduced by human 243 00:06:31,180 --> 00:06:32,939 gases that is introduced by human activities to the atmosphere the first 244 00:06:32,939 --> 00:06:32,949 activities to the atmosphere the first 245 00:06:32,949 --> 00:06:36,180 activities to the atmosphere the first one is the carbon dioxide right because 246 00:06:36,180 --> 00:06:36,190 one is the carbon dioxide right because 247 00:06:36,190 --> 00:06:38,010 one is the carbon dioxide right because carbon dioxide comes out from the 248 00:06:38,010 --> 00:06:38,020 carbon dioxide comes out from the 249 00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:39,870 carbon dioxide comes out from the engines comes out from the 250 00:06:39,870 --> 00:06:39,880 engines comes out from the 251 00:06:39,880 --> 00:06:43,350 engines comes out from the power plants and a huge amount of carbon 252 00:06:43,350 --> 00:06:43,360 power plants and a huge amount of carbon 253 00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:45,620 power plants and a huge amount of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere 254 00:06:45,620 --> 00:06:45,630 dioxide is released into the atmosphere 255 00:06:45,630 --> 00:06:49,860 dioxide is released into the atmosphere every year you know billions of tons 10 256 00:06:49,860 --> 00:06:49,870 every year you know billions of tons 10 257 00:06:49,870 --> 00:06:53,490 every year you know billions of tons 10 to the 21 billion of tons carbon dioxide 258 00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:53,500 to the 21 billion of tons carbon dioxide 259 00:06:53,500 --> 00:06:58,140 to the 21 billion of tons carbon dioxide is released and that increased disturbed 260 00:06:58,140 --> 00:06:58,150 is released and that increased disturbed 261 00:06:58,150 --> 00:07:00,390 is released and that increased disturbed the balance of the carbon dioxide 262 00:07:00,390 --> 00:07:00,400 the balance of the carbon dioxide 263 00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:02,700 the balance of the carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere and increases 264 00:07:02,700 --> 00:07:02,710 present in the atmosphere and increases 265 00:07:02,710 --> 00:07:04,800 present in the atmosphere and increases the amount of the carbon dioxide as you 266 00:07:04,800 --> 00:07:04,810 the amount of the carbon dioxide as you 267 00:07:04,810 --> 00:07:09,690 the amount of the carbon dioxide as you see here it increased since 1962 300 268 00:07:09,690 --> 00:07:09,700 see here it increased since 1962 300 269 00:07:09,700 --> 00:07:15,350 see here it increased since 1962 300 from 320 to about 400 400 and again the 270 00:07:15,350 --> 00:07:15,360 from 320 to about 400 400 and again the 271 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:19,800 from 320 to about 400 400 and again the studies have shown that the carbon 272 00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:19,810 studies have shown that the carbon 273 00:07:19,810 --> 00:07:24,480 studies have shown that the carbon dioxide amount in the atmosphere did not 274 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:24,490 dioxide amount in the atmosphere did not 275 00:07:24,490 --> 00:07:28,140 dioxide amount in the atmosphere did not change almost in the last 10,000 years 276 00:07:28,140 --> 00:07:28,150 change almost in the last 10,000 years 277 00:07:28,150 --> 00:07:31,830 change almost in the last 10,000 years until about 3000 years 300 years ago 278 00:07:31,830 --> 00:07:31,840 until about 3000 years 300 years ago 279 00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:34,530 until about 3000 years 300 years ago where the Industrial Revolution started 280 00:07:34,530 --> 00:07:34,540 where the Industrial Revolution started 281 00:07:34,540 --> 00:07:37,140 where the Industrial Revolution started again now during that time the carbon 282 00:07:37,140 --> 00:07:37,150 again now during that time the carbon 283 00:07:37,150 --> 00:07:39,180 again now during that time the carbon dioxide level was you know almost the 284 00:07:39,180 --> 00:07:39,190 dioxide level was you know almost the 285 00:07:39,190 --> 00:07:42,720 dioxide level was you know almost the same maintain about the same but started 286 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:42,730 same maintain about the same but started 287 00:07:42,730 --> 00:07:45,390 same maintain about the same but started from the 300 years actually the carbon 288 00:07:45,390 --> 00:07:45,400 from the 300 years actually the carbon 289 00:07:45,400 --> 00:07:48,090 from the 300 years actually the carbon dioxide level increased in this 300 290 00:07:48,090 --> 00:07:48,100 dioxide level increased in this 300 291 00:07:48,100 --> 00:07:52,350 dioxide level increased in this 300 years increased about 30% right 30 292 00:07:52,350 --> 00:07:52,360 years increased about 30% right 30 293 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:54,720 years increased about 30% right 30 percent and that increase in a 30 294 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:54,730 percent and that increase in a 30 295 00:07:54,730 --> 00:07:56,370 percent and that increase in a 30 percent increase increased the global 296 00:07:56,370 --> 00:07:56,380 percent increase increased the global 297 00:07:56,380 --> 00:08:00,150 percent increase increased the global temperature between 0.3 to 0.5 degrees 298 00:08:00,150 --> 00:08:00,160 temperature between 0.3 to 0.5 degrees 299 00:08:00,160 --> 00:08:04,290 temperature between 0.3 to 0.5 degrees centigrade right and they say and that's 300 00:08:04,290 --> 00:08:04,300 centigrade right and they say and that's 301 00:08:04,300 --> 00:08:06,540 centigrade right and they say and that's really affected a lot of changes in the 302 00:08:06,540 --> 00:08:06,550 really affected a lot of changes in the 303 00:08:06,550 --> 00:08:09,390 really affected a lot of changes in the climate as a matter of fact and if we do 304 00:08:09,390 --> 00:08:09,400 climate as a matter of fact and if we do 305 00:08:09,400 --> 00:08:13,080 climate as a matter of fact and if we do not take any precautions to control the 306 00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:13,090 not take any precautions to control the 307 00:08:13,090 --> 00:08:14,820 not take any precautions to control the amount of carbon dioxide released in the 308 00:08:14,820 --> 00:08:14,830 amount of carbon dioxide released in the 309 00:08:14,830 --> 00:08:21,360 amount of carbon dioxide released in the atmosphere in the years of 2100 or 2050 310 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:21,370 atmosphere in the years of 2100 or 2050 311 00:08:21,370 --> 00:08:24,120 atmosphere in the years of 2100 or 2050 actually they say that the carbon 312 00:08:24,120 --> 00:08:24,130 actually they say that the carbon 313 00:08:24,130 --> 00:08:27,240 actually they say that the carbon dioxide level will be so high that the 314 00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:27,250 dioxide level will be so high that the 315 00:08:27,250 --> 00:08:28,590 dioxide level will be so high that the global temperature increase will be 316 00:08:28,590 --> 00:08:28,600 global temperature increase will be 317 00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:32,640 global temperature increase will be about you know 1 to 3 degrees centigrade 318 00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:32,650 about you know 1 to 3 degrees centigrade 319 00:08:32,650 --> 00:08:34,530 about you know 1 to 3 degrees centigrade but those global temperature average 320 00:08:34,530 --> 00:08:34,540 but those global temperature average 321 00:08:34,540 --> 00:08:36,420 but those global temperature average increase wanted a degree centigrade is 322 00:08:36,420 --> 00:08:36,430 increase wanted a degree centigrade is 323 00:08:36,430 --> 00:08:40,620 increase wanted a degree centigrade is it is really big change and that because 324 00:08:40,620 --> 00:08:40,630 it is really big change and that because 325 00:08:40,630 --> 00:08:42,959 it is really big change and that because change is a lot of balances natural 326 00:08:42,959 --> 00:08:42,969 change is a lot of balances natural 327 00:08:42,969 --> 00:08:45,210 change is a lot of balances natural balances that took place for years and 328 00:08:45,210 --> 00:08:45,220 balances that took place for years and 329 00:08:45,220 --> 00:08:47,670 balances that took place for years and years on the earth as a matter of fact 330 00:08:47,670 --> 00:08:47,680 years on the earth as a matter of fact 331 00:08:47,680 --> 00:08:51,050 years on the earth as a matter of fact and climate changes that means that the 332 00:08:51,050 --> 00:08:51,060 and climate changes that means that the 333 00:08:51,060 --> 00:08:53,450 and climate changes that means that the some places 334 00:08:53,450 --> 00:08:53,460 some places 335 00:08:53,460 --> 00:08:56,090 some places it drains more and some places it rains 336 00:08:56,090 --> 00:08:56,100 it drains more and some places it rains 337 00:08:56,100 --> 00:08:59,510 it drains more and some places it rains less and some places we have winds and 338 00:08:59,510 --> 00:08:59,520 less and some places we have winds and 339 00:08:59,520 --> 00:09:02,480 less and some places we have winds and gusts and things more than we used to in 340 00:09:02,480 --> 00:09:02,490 gusts and things more than we used to in 341 00:09:02,490 --> 00:09:04,820 gusts and things more than we used to in some places less as a matter of fact but 342 00:09:04,820 --> 00:09:04,830 some places less as a matter of fact but 343 00:09:04,830 --> 00:09:07,940 some places less as a matter of fact but remember again increase in the amount 344 00:09:07,940 --> 00:09:07,950 remember again increase in the amount 345 00:09:07,950 --> 00:09:10,700 remember again increase in the amount the global temperature the average 346 00:09:10,700 --> 00:09:10,710 the global temperature the average 347 00:09:10,710 --> 00:09:14,210 the global temperature the average global temperature dissolves the ice on 348 00:09:14,210 --> 00:09:14,220 global temperature dissolves the ice on 349 00:09:14,220 --> 00:09:16,880 global temperature dissolves the ice on the north and south pole and that pull 350 00:09:16,880 --> 00:09:16,890 the north and south pole and that pull 351 00:09:16,890 --> 00:09:19,340 the north and south pole and that pull changed the level of the Seas again 352 00:09:19,340 --> 00:09:19,350 changed the level of the Seas again 353 00:09:19,350 --> 00:09:21,710 changed the level of the Seas again oceans and that will have a lot of other 354 00:09:21,710 --> 00:09:21,720 oceans and that will have a lot of other 355 00:09:21,720 --> 00:09:25,400 oceans and that will have a lot of other effects on the human beings or live in a 356 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:25,410 effects on the human beings or live in a 357 00:09:25,410 --> 00:09:27,200 effects on the human beings or live in a game particularly those people live in 358 00:09:27,200 --> 00:09:27,210 game particularly those people live in 359 00:09:27,210 --> 00:09:29,330 game particularly those people live in close to the sea Shores as a matter of 360 00:09:29,330 --> 00:09:29,340 close to the sea Shores as a matter of 361 00:09:29,340 --> 00:09:32,540 close to the sea Shores as a matter of fact so it is very important to control 362 00:09:32,540 --> 00:09:32,550 fact so it is very important to control 363 00:09:32,550 --> 00:09:37,070 fact so it is very important to control the carbon dioxide in the air because 364 00:09:37,070 --> 00:09:37,080 the carbon dioxide in the air because 365 00:09:37,080 --> 00:09:40,850 the carbon dioxide in the air because the global temperature increases again 366 00:09:40,850 --> 00:09:40,860 the global temperature increases again 367 00:09:40,860 --> 00:09:43,550 the global temperature increases again this is water is again is the major 368 00:09:43,550 --> 00:09:43,560 this is water is again is the major 369 00:09:43,560 --> 00:09:46,400 this is water is again is the major absorber of the radiations this is a 370 00:09:46,400 --> 00:09:46,410 absorber of the radiations this is a 371 00:09:46,410 --> 00:09:50,930 absorber of the radiations this is a carbon the greenhouse gases locations at 372 00:09:50,930 --> 00:09:50,940 carbon the greenhouse gases locations at 373 00:09:50,940 --> 00:09:53,630 carbon the greenhouse gases locations at time of the year says level vary by 374 00:09:53,630 --> 00:09:53,640 time of the year says level vary by 375 00:09:53,640 --> 00:09:55,220 time of the year says level vary by location at time of the year that means 376 00:09:55,220 --> 00:09:55,230 location at time of the year that means 377 00:09:55,230 --> 00:09:58,400 location at time of the year that means the amount of water for example as I 378 00:09:58,400 --> 00:09:58,410 the amount of water for example as I 379 00:09:58,410 --> 00:10:00,560 the amount of water for example as I said in the desert the temperature 380 00:10:00,560 --> 00:10:00,570 said in the desert the temperature 381 00:10:00,570 --> 00:10:02,780 said in the desert the temperature between the night and the day is so high 382 00:10:02,780 --> 00:10:02,790 between the night and the day is so high 383 00:10:02,790 --> 00:10:06,110 between the night and the day is so high why because it is so dry there there is 384 00:10:06,110 --> 00:10:06,120 why because it is so dry there there is 385 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:08,480 why because it is so dry there there is no greenhouse gases above the desert 386 00:10:08,480 --> 00:10:08,490 no greenhouse gases above the desert 387 00:10:08,490 --> 00:10:10,790 no greenhouse gases above the desert which will absorb the radiations at 388 00:10:10,790 --> 00:10:10,800 which will absorb the radiations at 389 00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:12,920 which will absorb the radiations at night and keep the temperature sort of 390 00:10:12,920 --> 00:10:12,930 night and keep the temperature sort of 391 00:10:12,930 --> 00:10:18,290 night and keep the temperature sort of you know certain values but it be heat 392 00:10:18,290 --> 00:10:18,300 you know certain values but it be heat 393 00:10:18,300 --> 00:10:20,960 you know certain values but it be heat scattered from the surface in fact from 394 00:10:20,960 --> 00:10:20,970 scattered from the surface in fact from 395 00:10:20,970 --> 00:10:24,320 scattered from the surface in fact from the desert dissipates into the space and 396 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:24,330 the desert dissipates into the space and 397 00:10:24,330 --> 00:10:26,330 the desert dissipates into the space and the temperature drops drastically at 398 00:10:26,330 --> 00:10:26,340 the temperature drops drastically at 399 00:10:26,340 --> 00:10:30,140 the temperature drops drastically at night as a matter of fact carbon dioxide 400 00:10:30,140 --> 00:10:30,150 night as a matter of fact carbon dioxide 401 00:10:30,150 --> 00:10:32,360 night as a matter of fact carbon dioxide levels from human use of fossil fuels we 402 00:10:32,360 --> 00:10:32,370 levels from human use of fossil fuels we 403 00:10:32,370 --> 00:10:34,040 levels from human use of fossil fuels we talked about this have increased 404 00:10:34,040 --> 00:10:34,050 talked about this have increased 405 00:10:34,050 --> 00:10:37,040 talked about this have increased dramatically over last century and as I 406 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:37,050 dramatically over last century and as I 407 00:10:37,050 --> 00:10:40,430 dramatically over last century and as I said increase about in the last 300 408 00:10:40,430 --> 00:10:40,440 said increase about in the last 300 409 00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:43,310 said increase about in the last 300 years increase about 30% as a matter of 410 00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:43,320 years increase about 30% as a matter of 411 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:46,120 years increase about 30% as a matter of fact and this is likely chosen and 412 00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:46,130 fact and this is likely chosen and 413 00:10:46,130 --> 00:10:48,650 fact and this is likely chosen and unnaturally increase in the atmospheric 414 00:10:48,650 --> 00:10:48,660 unnaturally increase in the atmospheric 415 00:10:48,660 --> 00:10:50,810 unnaturally increase in the atmospheric temperature definitely there is a 416 00:10:50,810 --> 00:10:50,820 temperature definitely there is a 417 00:10:50,820 --> 00:10:53,180 temperature definitely there is a relationship between the increase in the 418 00:10:53,180 --> 00:10:53,190 relationship between the increase in the 419 00:10:53,190 --> 00:10:55,910 relationship between the increase in the carbon dioxide in atmosphere and the 420 00:10:55,910 --> 00:10:55,920 carbon dioxide in atmosphere and the 421 00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:59,510 carbon dioxide in atmosphere and the global temperature increase now let's 422 00:10:59,510 --> 00:10:59,520 global temperature increase now let's 423 00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:03,380 global temperature increase now let's look at the water again on 424 00:11:03,380 --> 00:11:03,390 look at the water again on 425 00:11:03,390 --> 00:11:06,950 look at the water again on remember again water is another things 426 00:11:06,950 --> 00:11:06,960 remember again water is another things 427 00:11:06,960 --> 00:11:11,900 remember again water is another things that makes the living possible on the 428 00:11:11,900 --> 00:11:11,910 that makes the living possible on the 429 00:11:11,910 --> 00:11:16,790 that makes the living possible on the earth in addition to the energy that 430 00:11:16,790 --> 00:11:16,800 earth in addition to the energy that 431 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:18,800 earth in addition to the energy that come in from the Sun and the atmosphere 432 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:18,810 come in from the Sun and the atmosphere 433 00:11:18,810 --> 00:11:22,250 come in from the Sun and the atmosphere and this shows how the water cycle is 434 00:11:22,250 --> 00:11:22,260 and this shows how the water cycle is 435 00:11:22,260 --> 00:11:30,140 and this shows how the water cycle is taking place and again this gives you 436 00:11:30,140 --> 00:11:30,150 taking place and again this gives you 437 00:11:30,150 --> 00:11:35,360 taking place and again this gives you again the some knowledge about the water 438 00:11:35,360 --> 00:11:35,370 again the some knowledge about the water 439 00:11:35,370 --> 00:11:37,940 again the some knowledge about the water around the world on the earth this is 440 00:11:37,940 --> 00:11:37,950 around the world on the earth this is 441 00:11:37,950 --> 00:11:41,660 around the world on the earth this is the world oceans ninety seven point two 442 00:11:41,660 --> 00:11:41,670 the world oceans ninety seven point two 443 00:11:41,670 --> 00:11:44,870 the world oceans ninety seven point two percent of all water on Earth is in the 444 00:11:44,870 --> 00:11:44,880 percent of all water on Earth is in the 445 00:11:44,880 --> 00:11:48,560 percent of all water on Earth is in the oceans so that's really great very large 446 00:11:48,560 --> 00:11:48,570 oceans so that's really great very large 447 00:11:48,570 --> 00:11:51,290 oceans so that's really great very large amount the waste ocean contains many 448 00:11:51,290 --> 00:11:51,300 amount the waste ocean contains many 449 00:11:51,300 --> 00:11:53,180 amount the waste ocean contains many important compounds and minerals and 450 00:11:53,180 --> 00:11:53,190 important compounds and minerals and 451 00:11:53,190 --> 00:11:55,460 important compounds and minerals and these are actually what we have in the 452 00:11:55,460 --> 00:11:55,470 these are actually what we have in the 453 00:11:55,470 --> 00:11:59,630 these are actually what we have in the oceans but again however it says the 454 00:11:59,630 --> 00:11:59,640 oceans but again however it says the 455 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:02,450 oceans but again however it says the ocean is only the commercial source for 456 00:12:02,450 --> 00:12:02,460 ocean is only the commercial source for 457 00:12:02,460 --> 00:12:05,270 ocean is only the commercial source for sodium chloride bromine and magnesium 458 00:12:05,270 --> 00:12:05,280 sodium chloride bromine and magnesium 459 00:12:05,280 --> 00:12:07,220 sodium chloride bromine and magnesium soles so that simply means from the 460 00:12:07,220 --> 00:12:07,230 soles so that simply means from the 461 00:12:07,230 --> 00:12:09,560 soles so that simply means from the ocean water we obtain sodium chloride 462 00:12:09,560 --> 00:12:09,570 ocean water we obtain sodium chloride 463 00:12:09,570 --> 00:12:13,400 ocean water we obtain sodium chloride and we obtain bromine and also the 464 00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:13,410 and we obtain bromine and also the 465 00:12:13,410 --> 00:12:16,250 and we obtain bromine and also the source of magnesium in a day even though 466 00:12:16,250 --> 00:12:16,260 source of magnesium in a day even though 467 00:12:16,260 --> 00:12:18,530 source of magnesium in a day even though we have a lot of other things in the 468 00:12:18,530 --> 00:12:18,540 we have a lot of other things in the 469 00:12:18,540 --> 00:12:22,150 we have a lot of other things in the oceans and these are the selling it 470 00:12:22,150 --> 00:12:22,160 oceans and these are the selling it 471 00:12:22,160 --> 00:12:25,940 oceans and these are the selling it salinities and the concentrations in 472 00:12:25,940 --> 00:12:25,950 salinities and the concentrations in 473 00:12:25,950 --> 00:12:29,450 salinities and the concentrations in molar concentrations and sea water 474 00:12:29,450 --> 00:12:29,460 molar concentrations and sea water 475 00:12:29,460 --> 00:12:35,660 molar concentrations and sea water oceans water now fresh water all fresh 476 00:12:35,660 --> 00:12:35,670 oceans water now fresh water all fresh 477 00:12:35,670 --> 00:12:37,910 oceans water now fresh water all fresh water is only about it says point six 478 00:12:37,910 --> 00:12:37,920 water is only about it says point six 479 00:12:37,920 --> 00:12:39,580 water is only about it says point six percent of the water on the planet 480 00:12:39,580 --> 00:12:39,590 percent of the water on the planet 481 00:12:39,590 --> 00:12:43,910 percent of the water on the planet that's very small amount and this is for 482 00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:43,920 that's very small amount and this is for 483 00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:47,390 that's very small amount and this is for the u.s. uses of fresh water almost 484 00:12:47,390 --> 00:12:47,400 the u.s. uses of fresh water almost 485 00:12:47,400 --> 00:12:49,040 the u.s. uses of fresh water almost forty one percent of the fresh water 486 00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:49,050 forty one percent of the fresh water 487 00:12:49,050 --> 00:12:51,110 forty one percent of the fresh water goes into agriculture use in agriculture 488 00:12:51,110 --> 00:12:51,120 goes into agriculture use in agriculture 489 00:12:51,120 --> 00:12:53,270 goes into agriculture use in agriculture thirty-nine percent is hydroelectric 490 00:12:53,270 --> 00:12:53,280 thirty-nine percent is hydroelectric 491 00:12:53,280 --> 00:12:56,350 thirty-nine percent is hydroelectric powers and six percent in industry and 492 00:12:56,350 --> 00:12:56,360 powers and six percent in industry and 493 00:12:56,360 --> 00:12:58,990 powers and six percent in industry and six percent in household needs and 494 00:12:58,990 --> 00:12:59,000 six percent in household needs and 495 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,060 six percent in household needs and drinking water is only one percent but 496 00:13:02,060 --> 00:13:02,070 drinking water is only one percent but 497 00:13:02,070 --> 00:13:05,240 drinking water is only one percent but that is important because there are a 498 00:13:05,240 --> 00:13:05,250 that is important because there are a 499 00:13:05,250 --> 00:13:07,520 that is important because there are a lot of places on the earth that they 500 00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:07,530 lot of places on the earth that they 501 00:13:07,530 --> 00:13:10,820 lot of places on the earth that they have problem getting enough drinking 502 00:13:10,820 --> 00:13:10,830 have problem getting enough drinking 503 00:13:10,830 --> 00:13:12,590 have problem getting enough drinking waters as a matter of fact particularly 504 00:13:12,590 --> 00:13:12,600 waters as a matter of fact particularly 505 00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:14,230 waters as a matter of fact particularly because we 506 00:13:14,230 --> 00:13:14,240 because we 507 00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:16,420 because we pollute the water human activities on 508 00:13:16,420 --> 00:13:16,430 pollute the water human activities on 509 00:13:16,430 --> 00:13:18,400 pollute the water human activities on the earth pollute the water they have to 510 00:13:18,400 --> 00:13:18,410 the earth pollute the water they have to 511 00:13:18,410 --> 00:13:24,160 the earth pollute the water they have to be prevented - and some says that about 512 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:24,170 be prevented - and some says that about 513 00:13:24,170 --> 00:13:27,639 be prevented - and some says that about fifty years or a hundred years there 514 00:13:27,639 --> 00:13:27,649 fifty years or a hundred years there 515 00:13:27,649 --> 00:13:31,360 fifty years or a hundred years there will be very big problem in getting 516 00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:31,370 will be very big problem in getting 517 00:13:31,370 --> 00:13:34,360 will be very big problem in getting enough water actually drinking water as 518 00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:34,370 enough water actually drinking water as 519 00:13:34,370 --> 00:13:37,540 enough water actually drinking water as a matter of fact fresh water now use off 520 00:13:37,540 --> 00:13:37,550 a matter of fact fresh water now use off 521 00:13:37,550 --> 00:13:40,380 a matter of fact fresh water now use off the water adds dissolved materials 522 00:13:40,380 --> 00:13:40,390 the water adds dissolved materials 523 00:13:40,390 --> 00:13:44,740 the water adds dissolved materials including human waste in fact it will 524 00:13:44,740 --> 00:13:44,750 including human waste in fact it will 525 00:13:44,750 --> 00:13:46,510 including human waste in fact it will become increasingly expensive to 526 00:13:46,510 --> 00:13:46,520 become increasingly expensive to 527 00:13:46,520 --> 00:13:49,060 become increasingly expensive to guarantee our water supply because we 528 00:13:49,060 --> 00:13:49,070 guarantee our water supply because we 529 00:13:49,070 --> 00:13:54,639 guarantee our water supply because we pollute the water all the Switch in fact 530 00:13:54,639 --> 00:13:54,649 pollute the water all the Switch in fact 531 00:13:54,649 --> 00:13:57,910 pollute the water all the Switch in fact or other things from the chemical 532 00:13:57,910 --> 00:13:57,920 or other things from the chemical 533 00:13:57,920 --> 00:14:00,190 or other things from the chemical industry goes into the water and makes 534 00:14:00,190 --> 00:14:00,200 industry goes into the water and makes 535 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:05,230 industry goes into the water and makes the fresh water undrinkable actually so 536 00:14:05,230 --> 00:14:05,240 the fresh water undrinkable actually so 537 00:14:05,240 --> 00:14:07,240 the fresh water undrinkable actually so that will be definitely a problem we 538 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:07,250 that will be definitely a problem we 539 00:14:07,250 --> 00:14:09,639 that will be definitely a problem we have to consider that now the 540 00:14:09,639 --> 00:14:09,649 have to consider that now the 541 00:14:09,649 --> 00:14:13,150 have to consider that now the groundwater is again fresh water under 542 00:14:13,150 --> 00:14:13,160 groundwater is again fresh water under 543 00:14:13,160 --> 00:14:16,090 groundwater is again fresh water under the soil in aquifers this is I guess the 544 00:14:16,090 --> 00:14:16,100 the soil in aquifers this is I guess the 545 00:14:16,100 --> 00:14:18,519 the soil in aquifers this is I guess the civil engineers know this word these are 546 00:14:18,519 --> 00:14:18,529 civil engineers know this word these are 547 00:14:18,529 --> 00:14:21,579 civil engineers know this word these are the deposits of the water underground 548 00:14:21,579 --> 00:14:21,589 the deposits of the water underground 549 00:14:21,589 --> 00:14:24,400 the deposits of the water underground and sometimes they are very very old 550 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:24,410 and sometimes they are very very old 551 00:14:24,410 --> 00:14:26,190 and sometimes they are very very old they stay there for years and years 552 00:14:26,190 --> 00:14:26,200 they stay there for years and years 553 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:32,199 they stay there for years and years unless we pump them out and those are in 554 00:14:32,199 --> 00:14:32,209 unless we pump them out and those are in 555 00:14:32,209 --> 00:14:34,240 unless we pump them out and those are in fact it takes again years to fill out 556 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:34,250 fact it takes again years to fill out 557 00:14:34,250 --> 00:14:37,510 fact it takes again years to fill out those aquifers in Cyprus for example 558 00:14:37,510 --> 00:14:37,520 those aquifers in Cyprus for example 559 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:40,000 those aquifers in Cyprus for example they used to have very rich aquifers in 560 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:40,010 they used to have very rich aquifers in 561 00:14:40,010 --> 00:14:44,019 they used to have very rich aquifers in guzelyurt and that was all used up now 562 00:14:44,019 --> 00:14:44,029 guzelyurt and that was all used up now 563 00:14:44,029 --> 00:14:46,180 guzelyurt and that was all used up now they don't have enough water groundwater 564 00:14:46,180 --> 00:14:46,190 they don't have enough water groundwater 565 00:14:46,190 --> 00:14:50,319 they don't have enough water groundwater in the Cyprus remember we gave them 566 00:14:50,319 --> 00:14:50,329 in the Cyprus remember we gave them 567 00:14:50,329 --> 00:14:52,840 in the Cyprus remember we gave them water through the sea under the sea what 568 00:14:52,840 --> 00:14:52,850 water through the sea under the sea what 569 00:14:52,850 --> 00:14:56,800 water through the sea under the sea what pipelines as a matter of fact so when 570 00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:56,810 pipelines as a matter of fact so when 571 00:14:56,810 --> 00:14:58,750 pipelines as a matter of fact so when use these sources of water are not 572 00:14:58,750 --> 00:14:58,760 use these sources of water are not 573 00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:01,810 use these sources of water are not readily regenerated it takes a long time 574 00:15:01,810 --> 00:15:01,820 readily regenerated it takes a long time 575 00:15:01,820 --> 00:15:05,290 readily regenerated it takes a long time for water to penetrate the rock layers 576 00:15:05,290 --> 00:15:05,300 for water to penetrate the rock layers 577 00:15:05,300 --> 00:15:08,730 for water to penetrate the rock layers which create an aqua fire this is what 578 00:15:08,730 --> 00:15:08,740 which create an aqua fire this is what 579 00:15:08,740 --> 00:15:12,130 which create an aqua fire this is what again.we says about the aquifers these 580 00:15:12,130 --> 00:15:12,140 again.we says about the aquifers these 581 00:15:12,140 --> 00:15:14,550 again.we says about the aquifers these are simply the deposits of fresh water 582 00:15:14,550 --> 00:15:14,560 are simply the deposits of fresh water 583 00:15:14,560 --> 00:15:19,210 are simply the deposits of fresh water underground not all ground water is 584 00:15:19,210 --> 00:15:19,220 underground not all ground water is 585 00:15:19,220 --> 00:15:20,170 underground not all ground water is portable 586 00:15:20,170 --> 00:15:20,180 portable 587 00:15:20,180 --> 00:15:24,250 portable this means drinkable and due to ions in 588 00:15:24,250 --> 00:15:24,260 this means drinkable and due to ions in 589 00:15:24,260 --> 00:15:25,990 this means drinkable and due to ions in the rock formation some will contain 590 00:15:25,990 --> 00:15:26,000 the rock formation some will contain 591 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,199 the rock formation some will contain poisons like arsenic 592 00:15:28,199 --> 00:15:28,209 poisons like arsenic 593 00:15:28,209 --> 00:15:31,769 poisons like arsenic high levels actually so again we have to 594 00:15:31,769 --> 00:15:31,779 high levels actually so again we have to 595 00:15:31,779 --> 00:15:34,559 high levels actually so again we have to be careful what we have under our 596 00:15:34,559 --> 00:15:34,569 be careful what we have under our 597 00:15:34,569 --> 00:15:37,230 be careful what we have under our aquifers if we use and drinking that 598 00:15:37,230 --> 00:15:37,240 aquifers if we use and drinking that 599 00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:39,299 aquifers if we use and drinking that water there because the water remember 600 00:15:39,299 --> 00:15:39,309 water there because the water remember 601 00:15:39,309 --> 00:15:41,359 water there because the water remember is a polar solvent and it will dissolve 602 00:15:41,359 --> 00:15:41,369 is a polar solvent and it will dissolve 603 00:15:41,369 --> 00:15:44,879 is a polar solvent and it will dissolve salts in it and those souls may be toxic 604 00:15:44,879 --> 00:15:44,889 salts in it and those souls may be toxic 605 00:15:44,889 --> 00:15:48,660 salts in it and those souls may be toxic like salts of the arsenic and we have to 606 00:15:48,660 --> 00:15:48,670 like salts of the arsenic and we have to 607 00:15:48,670 --> 00:15:53,790 like salts of the arsenic and we have to be careful about that too now dissolved 608 00:15:53,790 --> 00:15:53,800 be careful about that too now dissolved 609 00:15:53,800 --> 00:15:58,019 be careful about that too now dissolved oxygen in water is very important and 610 00:15:58,019 --> 00:15:58,029 oxygen in water is very important and 611 00:15:58,029 --> 00:16:00,090 oxygen in water is very important and the amount of dissolved oxygen present 612 00:16:00,090 --> 00:16:00,100 the amount of dissolved oxygen present 613 00:16:00,100 --> 00:16:02,340 the amount of dissolved oxygen present in the water indicates the quality of 614 00:16:02,340 --> 00:16:02,350 in the water indicates the quality of 615 00:16:02,350 --> 00:16:05,609 in the water indicates the quality of the water again now it says the amount 616 00:16:05,609 --> 00:16:05,619 the water again now it says the amount 617 00:16:05,619 --> 00:16:08,400 the water again now it says the amount of o2 in water is an important indicator 618 00:16:08,400 --> 00:16:08,410 of o2 in water is an important indicator 619 00:16:08,410 --> 00:16:14,129 of o2 in water is an important indicator of the water quality and the value sets 620 00:16:14,129 --> 00:16:14,139 of the water quality and the value sets 621 00:16:14,139 --> 00:16:18,419 of the water quality and the value sets in fact for good water would be like 9 622 00:16:18,419 --> 00:16:18,429 in fact for good water would be like 9 623 00:16:18,429 --> 00:16:22,290 in fact for good water would be like 9 ppm oxygen dissolved in water now for 624 00:16:22,290 --> 00:16:22,300 ppm oxygen dissolved in water now for 625 00:16:22,300 --> 00:16:24,799 ppm oxygen dissolved in water now for the fish to be able to live in the water 626 00:16:24,799 --> 00:16:24,809 the fish to be able to live in the water 627 00:16:24,809 --> 00:16:27,960 the fish to be able to live in the water the oxygen dissolved should be minimum 628 00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:27,970 the oxygen dissolved should be minimum 629 00:16:27,970 --> 00:16:32,759 the oxygen dissolved should be minimum of 5 ppm right 5 ppm so if it is below 630 00:16:32,759 --> 00:16:32,769 of 5 ppm right 5 ppm so if it is below 631 00:16:32,769 --> 00:16:34,619 of 5 ppm right 5 ppm so if it is below that that means the fish will not be 632 00:16:34,619 --> 00:16:34,629 that that means the fish will not be 633 00:16:34,629 --> 00:16:37,259 that that means the fish will not be able to live in fact if there is not 634 00:16:37,259 --> 00:16:37,269 able to live in fact if there is not 635 00:16:37,269 --> 00:16:39,449 able to live in fact if there is not enough oxygen dissolved in the water no 636 00:16:39,449 --> 00:16:39,459 enough oxygen dissolved in the water no 637 00:16:39,459 --> 00:16:41,939 enough oxygen dissolved in the water no other living organisms will be present 638 00:16:41,939 --> 00:16:41,949 other living organisms will be present 639 00:16:41,949 --> 00:16:44,460 other living organisms will be present there - now let's see the story about 640 00:16:44,460 --> 00:16:44,470 there - now let's see the story about 641 00:16:44,470 --> 00:16:48,059 there - now let's see the story about this again oxygen dissolved and the 642 00:16:48,059 --> 00:16:48,069 this again oxygen dissolved and the 643 00:16:48,069 --> 00:16:51,539 this again oxygen dissolved and the bacteria when aerobic bacteria act on 644 00:16:51,539 --> 00:16:51,549 bacteria when aerobic bacteria act on 645 00:16:51,549 --> 00:16:54,299 bacteria when aerobic bacteria act on biodegradable degradable matter they use 646 00:16:54,299 --> 00:16:54,309 biodegradable degradable matter they use 647 00:16:54,309 --> 00:16:57,840 biodegradable degradable matter they use oxygen actually these bio degradable 648 00:16:57,840 --> 00:16:57,850 oxygen actually these bio degradable 649 00:16:57,850 --> 00:17:01,319 oxygen actually these bio degradable matter these are organic waste actually 650 00:17:01,319 --> 00:17:01,329 matter these are organic waste actually 651 00:17:01,329 --> 00:17:03,359 matter these are organic waste actually goes into the water and if you have 652 00:17:03,359 --> 00:17:03,369 goes into the water and if you have 653 00:17:03,369 --> 00:17:06,299 goes into the water and if you have organic wastes in the water than these 654 00:17:06,299 --> 00:17:06,309 organic wastes in the water than these 655 00:17:06,309 --> 00:17:10,169 organic wastes in the water than these arabic aerobic bacteria that means which 656 00:17:10,169 --> 00:17:10,179 arabic aerobic bacteria that means which 657 00:17:10,179 --> 00:17:14,269 arabic aerobic bacteria that means which uses oxygen air to work on these 658 00:17:14,269 --> 00:17:14,279 uses oxygen air to work on these 659 00:17:14,279 --> 00:17:16,620 uses oxygen air to work on these biodegradable matter organic matters and 660 00:17:16,620 --> 00:17:16,630 biodegradable matter organic matters and 661 00:17:16,630 --> 00:17:20,279 biodegradable matter organic matters and it decreases the amount of oxygen in the 662 00:17:20,279 --> 00:17:20,289 it decreases the amount of oxygen in the 663 00:17:20,289 --> 00:17:23,159 it decreases the amount of oxygen in the water dissolved oxygens so that means if 664 00:17:23,159 --> 00:17:23,169 water dissolved oxygens so that means if 665 00:17:23,169 --> 00:17:26,250 water dissolved oxygens so that means if you have organic wastes in the water 666 00:17:26,250 --> 00:17:26,260 you have organic wastes in the water 667 00:17:26,260 --> 00:17:29,340 you have organic wastes in the water that will cause to decrease the 668 00:17:29,340 --> 00:17:29,350 that will cause to decrease the 669 00:17:29,350 --> 00:17:31,500 that will cause to decrease the dissolved oxygen in that water that 670 00:17:31,500 --> 00:17:31,510 dissolved oxygen in that water that 671 00:17:31,510 --> 00:17:32,970 dissolved oxygen in that water that means in that water there will be no 672 00:17:32,970 --> 00:17:32,980 means in that water there will be no 673 00:17:32,980 --> 00:17:37,549 means in that water there will be no life the present there right so those 674 00:17:37,549 --> 00:17:37,559 life the present there right so those 675 00:17:37,559 --> 00:17:40,620 life the present there right so those bacteria uses the oxygen work on this 676 00:17:40,620 --> 00:17:40,630 bacteria uses the oxygen work on this 677 00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:41,680 bacteria uses the oxygen work on this biotech 678 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:41,690 biotech 679 00:17:41,690 --> 00:17:43,720 biotech edible manners as a matter of fact 680 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:43,730 edible manners as a matter of fact 681 00:17:43,730 --> 00:17:45,909 edible manners as a matter of fact excessive amount of biodegradable matter 682 00:17:45,909 --> 00:17:45,919 excessive amount of biodegradable matter 683 00:17:45,919 --> 00:17:49,149 excessive amount of biodegradable matter can result in inability of normal animal 684 00:17:49,149 --> 00:17:49,159 can result in inability of normal animal 685 00:17:49,159 --> 00:17:52,480 can result in inability of normal animal life to exist in the water again no fish 686 00:17:52,480 --> 00:17:52,490 life to exist in the water again no fish 687 00:17:52,490 --> 00:17:55,990 life to exist in the water again no fish no other things if the level of the 688 00:17:55,990 --> 00:17:56,000 no other things if the level of the 689 00:17:56,000 --> 00:17:58,659 no other things if the level of the dissolved oxygen goes below below 690 00:17:58,659 --> 00:17:58,669 dissolved oxygen goes below below 691 00:17:58,669 --> 00:18:01,419 dissolved oxygen goes below below certain value as a matter of fact now it 692 00:18:01,419 --> 00:18:01,429 certain value as a matter of fact now it 693 00:18:01,429 --> 00:18:04,350 certain value as a matter of fact now it can also lead to an ironic oxidation 694 00:18:04,350 --> 00:18:04,360 can also lead to an ironic oxidation 695 00:18:04,360 --> 00:18:08,799 can also lead to an ironic oxidation conditions which give off bad orders now 696 00:18:08,799 --> 00:18:08,809 conditions which give off bad orders now 697 00:18:08,809 --> 00:18:10,600 conditions which give off bad orders now this is very interesting as a matter of 698 00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:10,610 this is very interesting as a matter of 699 00:18:10,610 --> 00:18:13,499 this is very interesting as a matter of fact now if you have enough oxygen 700 00:18:13,499 --> 00:18:13,509 fact now if you have enough oxygen 701 00:18:13,509 --> 00:18:15,639 fact now if you have enough oxygen dissolved in the water and you have 702 00:18:15,639 --> 00:18:15,649 dissolved in the water and you have 703 00:18:15,649 --> 00:18:18,940 dissolved in the water and you have those organic waste in the water these 704 00:18:18,940 --> 00:18:18,950 those organic waste in the water these 705 00:18:18,950 --> 00:18:21,490 those organic waste in the water these aerobic bacteria will work on those and 706 00:18:21,490 --> 00:18:21,500 aerobic bacteria will work on those and 707 00:18:21,500 --> 00:18:27,789 aerobic bacteria will work on those and then use the oxygen and then degrade 708 00:18:27,789 --> 00:18:27,799 then use the oxygen and then degrade 709 00:18:27,799 --> 00:18:32,649 then use the oxygen and then degrade actually all those organic wastes right 710 00:18:32,649 --> 00:18:32,659 actually all those organic wastes right 711 00:18:32,659 --> 00:18:37,330 actually all those organic wastes right but if there is no oxygen in the water 712 00:18:37,330 --> 00:18:37,340 but if there is no oxygen in the water 713 00:18:37,340 --> 00:18:39,430 but if there is no oxygen in the water if all oxygens are used up by these 714 00:18:39,430 --> 00:18:39,440 if all oxygens are used up by these 715 00:18:39,440 --> 00:18:42,490 if all oxygens are used up by these bacteria then the ni aerobic bacteria 716 00:18:42,490 --> 00:18:42,500 bacteria then the ni aerobic bacteria 717 00:18:42,500 --> 00:18:45,220 bacteria then the ni aerobic bacteria comes in and then it starts working on 718 00:18:45,220 --> 00:18:45,230 comes in and then it starts working on 719 00:18:45,230 --> 00:18:48,690 comes in and then it starts working on those organic based again right and 720 00:18:48,690 --> 00:18:48,700 those organic based again right and 721 00:18:48,700 --> 00:18:51,759 those organic based again right and these ni aerobic bacteria when they work 722 00:18:51,759 --> 00:18:51,769 these ni aerobic bacteria when they work 723 00:18:51,769 --> 00:18:55,360 these ni aerobic bacteria when they work on their these biodegradable organic 724 00:18:55,360 --> 00:18:55,370 on their these biodegradable organic 725 00:18:55,370 --> 00:18:57,759 on their these biodegradable organic matters again the products are different 726 00:18:57,759 --> 00:18:57,769 matters again the products are different 727 00:18:57,769 --> 00:19:00,519 matters again the products are different one of the products for example is the 728 00:19:00,519 --> 00:19:00,529 one of the products for example is the 729 00:19:00,529 --> 00:19:04,480 one of the products for example is the hydrogen sulfide ammonia and methane as 730 00:19:04,480 --> 00:19:04,490 hydrogen sulfide ammonia and methane as 731 00:19:04,490 --> 00:19:08,230 hydrogen sulfide ammonia and methane as a matter of fact in when the ni aerobic 732 00:19:08,230 --> 00:19:08,240 a matter of fact in when the ni aerobic 733 00:19:08,240 --> 00:19:12,369 a matter of fact in when the ni aerobic bacteria works on the organic waste as a 734 00:19:12,369 --> 00:19:12,379 bacteria works on the organic waste as a 735 00:19:12,379 --> 00:19:14,440 bacteria works on the organic waste as a matter of fact and that's what they give 736 00:19:14,440 --> 00:19:14,450 matter of fact and that's what they give 737 00:19:14,450 --> 00:19:16,509 matter of fact and that's what they give that order that the order comes from 738 00:19:16,509 --> 00:19:16,519 that order that the order comes from 739 00:19:16,519 --> 00:19:18,430 that order that the order comes from that particularly the hydrogen sulfide 740 00:19:18,430 --> 00:19:18,440 that particularly the hydrogen sulfide 741 00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:22,119 that particularly the hydrogen sulfide comes out from there now if you have 742 00:19:22,119 --> 00:19:22,129 comes out from there now if you have 743 00:19:22,129 --> 00:19:24,369 comes out from there now if you have simply excessive plant nutrients can 744 00:19:24,369 --> 00:19:24,379 simply excessive plant nutrients can 745 00:19:24,379 --> 00:19:29,649 simply excessive plant nutrients can lead to eutrophication or excessive that 746 00:19:29,649 --> 00:19:29,659 lead to eutrophication or excessive that 747 00:19:29,659 --> 00:19:31,840 lead to eutrophication or excessive that plant matter in water this is again this 748 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:31,850 plant matter in water this is again this 749 00:19:31,850 --> 00:19:35,289 plant matter in water this is again this simply means this now particularly that 750 00:19:35,289 --> 00:19:35,299 simply means this now particularly that 751 00:19:35,299 --> 00:19:39,970 simply means this now particularly that the three elements are essential for the 752 00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:39,980 the three elements are essential for the 753 00:19:39,980 --> 00:19:43,570 the three elements are essential for the plant's food and that is one is the 754 00:19:43,570 --> 00:19:43,580 plant's food and that is one is the 755 00:19:43,580 --> 00:19:46,470 plant's food and that is one is the potassium the other one is the 756 00:19:46,470 --> 00:19:46,480 potassium the other one is the 757 00:19:46,480 --> 00:19:51,310 potassium the other one is the phosphorus and the other one is the 758 00:19:51,310 --> 00:19:51,320 phosphorus and the other one is the 759 00:19:51,320 --> 00:19:53,350 phosphorus and the other one is the nitrogen phosphorus nitrogen and 760 00:19:53,350 --> 00:19:53,360 nitrogen phosphorus nitrogen and 761 00:19:53,360 --> 00:19:54,880 nitrogen phosphorus nitrogen and potassium the comp 762 00:19:54,880 --> 00:19:54,890 potassium the comp 763 00:19:54,890 --> 00:19:57,070 potassium the comp of those actually all fertilizers 764 00:19:57,070 --> 00:19:57,080 of those actually all fertilizers 765 00:19:57,080 --> 00:19:59,950 of those actually all fertilizers contains these either nitrogen potassium 766 00:19:59,950 --> 00:19:59,960 contains these either nitrogen potassium 767 00:19:59,960 --> 00:20:04,600 contains these either nitrogen potassium or phosphorus as a matter of fact so if 768 00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:04,610 or phosphorus as a matter of fact so if 769 00:20:04,610 --> 00:20:08,230 or phosphorus as a matter of fact so if you have simply plans in the water and 770 00:20:08,230 --> 00:20:08,240 you have simply plans in the water and 771 00:20:08,240 --> 00:20:11,260 you have simply plans in the water and you have the simply a lot of green 772 00:20:11,260 --> 00:20:11,270 you have the simply a lot of green 773 00:20:11,270 --> 00:20:14,370 you have the simply a lot of green plants in the water and they will create 774 00:20:14,370 --> 00:20:14,380 plants in the water and they will create 775 00:20:14,380 --> 00:20:18,100 plants in the water and they will create organic waste because some of those 776 00:20:18,100 --> 00:20:18,110 organic waste because some of those 777 00:20:18,110 --> 00:20:20,169 organic waste because some of those plants will die and then will stay in 778 00:20:20,169 --> 00:20:20,179 plants will die and then will stay in 779 00:20:20,179 --> 00:20:22,120 plants will die and then will stay in the water they will be organic waste 780 00:20:22,120 --> 00:20:22,130 the water they will be organic waste 781 00:20:22,130 --> 00:20:26,410 the water they will be organic waste now the aerobic bacteria starts working 782 00:20:26,410 --> 00:20:26,420 now the aerobic bacteria starts working 783 00:20:26,420 --> 00:20:29,039 now the aerobic bacteria starts working on those organic wastes and use up the 784 00:20:29,039 --> 00:20:29,049 on those organic wastes and use up the 785 00:20:29,049 --> 00:20:31,510 on those organic wastes and use up the oxygen dissolved in the water and that 786 00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:31,520 oxygen dissolved in the water and that 787 00:20:31,520 --> 00:20:34,750 oxygen dissolved in the water and that also decreases the oxygen level and that 788 00:20:34,750 --> 00:20:34,760 also decreases the oxygen level and that 789 00:20:34,760 --> 00:20:37,530 also decreases the oxygen level and that means makes it impossible for the 790 00:20:37,530 --> 00:20:37,540 means makes it impossible for the 791 00:20:37,540 --> 00:20:39,669 means makes it impossible for the organisms fish and other things that 792 00:20:39,669 --> 00:20:39,679 organisms fish and other things that 793 00:20:39,679 --> 00:20:41,950 organisms fish and other things that live in that water so we don't want a 794 00:20:41,950 --> 00:20:41,960 live in that water so we don't want a 795 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:43,960 live in that water so we don't want a lot of plants growing in the water now 796 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:43,970 lot of plants growing in the water now 797 00:20:43,970 --> 00:20:45,520 lot of plants growing in the water now why those plants grow in the water 798 00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:45,530 why those plants grow in the water 799 00:20:45,530 --> 00:20:49,659 why those plants grow in the water because when we throw in their compounds 800 00:20:49,659 --> 00:20:49,669 because when we throw in their compounds 801 00:20:49,669 --> 00:20:51,039 because when we throw in their compounds containing phosphorus compounds 802 00:20:51,039 --> 00:20:51,049 containing phosphorus compounds 803 00:20:51,049 --> 00:20:54,070 containing phosphorus compounds containing potassium or nitrogen 804 00:20:54,070 --> 00:20:54,080 containing potassium or nitrogen 805 00:20:54,080 --> 00:20:56,860 containing potassium or nitrogen compounds particularly the detergents 806 00:20:56,860 --> 00:20:56,870 compounds particularly the detergents 807 00:20:56,870 --> 00:20:59,169 compounds particularly the detergents which contains phosphorus a lot of 808 00:20:59,169 --> 00:20:59,179 which contains phosphorus a lot of 809 00:20:59,179 --> 00:21:02,260 which contains phosphorus a lot of phosphorus if you just take those 810 00:21:02,260 --> 00:21:02,270 phosphorus if you just take those 811 00:21:02,270 --> 00:21:08,020 phosphorus if you just take those detergents and you know the washing 812 00:21:08,020 --> 00:21:08,030 detergents and you know the washing 813 00:21:08,030 --> 00:21:10,480 detergents and you know the washing water goes into the lakes and things and 814 00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:10,490 water goes into the lakes and things and 815 00:21:10,490 --> 00:21:12,070 water goes into the lakes and things and then you have a lot of plants aren't 816 00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:12,080 then you have a lot of plants aren't 817 00:21:12,080 --> 00:21:13,810 then you have a lot of plants aren't growing and when those a lot of plants 818 00:21:13,810 --> 00:21:13,820 growing and when those a lot of plants 819 00:21:13,820 --> 00:21:15,640 growing and when those a lot of plants are growing that means it's not more any 820 00:21:15,640 --> 00:21:15,650 are growing that means it's not more any 821 00:21:15,650 --> 00:21:17,620 are growing that means it's not more any more healthy that water for the living 822 00:21:17,620 --> 00:21:17,630 more healthy that water for the living 823 00:21:17,630 --> 00:21:20,490 more healthy that water for the living organism because the oxygen dissolved 824 00:21:20,490 --> 00:21:20,500 organism because the oxygen dissolved 825 00:21:20,500 --> 00:21:22,870 organism because the oxygen dissolved decreases drastically as a matter of 826 00:21:22,870 --> 00:21:22,880 decreases drastically as a matter of 827 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:29,530 decreases drastically as a matter of fact now let's look at the water 828 00:21:29,530 --> 00:21:29,540 fact now let's look at the water 829 00:21:29,540 --> 00:21:32,230 fact now let's look at the water purification now water purification we 830 00:21:32,230 --> 00:21:32,240 purification now water purification we 831 00:21:32,240 --> 00:21:34,720 purification now water purification we can't use the ocean water there's so 832 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:34,730 can't use the ocean water there's so 833 00:21:34,730 --> 00:21:36,909 can't use the ocean water there's so much water in the oceans as I said 834 00:21:36,909 --> 00:21:36,919 much water in the oceans as I said 835 00:21:36,919 --> 00:21:40,690 much water in the oceans as I said ninety seven percent something like off 836 00:21:40,690 --> 00:21:40,700 ninety seven percent something like off 837 00:21:40,700 --> 00:21:43,659 ninety seven percent something like off the water present on earth are in oceans 838 00:21:43,659 --> 00:21:43,669 the water present on earth are in oceans 839 00:21:43,669 --> 00:21:46,630 the water present on earth are in oceans but these ocean waters are salty they 840 00:21:46,630 --> 00:21:46,640 but these ocean waters are salty they 841 00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:50,140 but these ocean waters are salty they contains a lot of souls and they are 842 00:21:50,140 --> 00:21:50,150 contains a lot of souls and they are 843 00:21:50,150 --> 00:21:53,350 contains a lot of souls and they are called saline water means a lot of salts 844 00:21:53,350 --> 00:21:53,360 called saline water means a lot of salts 845 00:21:53,360 --> 00:21:55,150 called saline water means a lot of salts there particularly we have the sodium 846 00:21:55,150 --> 00:21:55,160 there particularly we have the sodium 847 00:21:55,160 --> 00:22:00,000 there particularly we have the sodium chloride again we know in seawater but 848 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:00,010 chloride again we know in seawater but 849 00:22:00,010 --> 00:22:03,880 chloride again we know in seawater but how can we purify the seawater or other 850 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:03,890 how can we purify the seawater or other 851 00:22:03,890 --> 00:22:07,299 how can we purify the seawater or other waters so that we can use them 852 00:22:07,299 --> 00:22:07,309 waters so that we can use them 853 00:22:07,309 --> 00:22:09,220 waters so that we can use them make them healthy and drinkable as a 854 00:22:09,220 --> 00:22:09,230 make them healthy and drinkable as a 855 00:22:09,230 --> 00:22:10,960 make them healthy and drinkable as a matter of fact there are two ways of 856 00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:10,970 matter of fact there are two ways of 857 00:22:10,970 --> 00:22:13,989 matter of fact there are two ways of purifications particularly the seawater 858 00:22:13,989 --> 00:22:13,999 purifications particularly the seawater 859 00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:20,649 purifications particularly the seawater one is the distillation right you take 860 00:22:20,649 --> 00:22:20,659 one is the distillation right you take 861 00:22:20,659 --> 00:22:22,840 one is the distillation right you take the water and then you boil it and 862 00:22:22,840 --> 00:22:22,850 the water and then you boil it and 863 00:22:22,850 --> 00:22:25,450 the water and then you boil it and distill it and that's again very very 864 00:22:25,450 --> 00:22:25,460 distill it and that's again very very 865 00:22:25,460 --> 00:22:27,399 distill it and that's again very very expensive and it's not very easy because 866 00:22:27,399 --> 00:22:27,409 expensive and it's not very easy because 867 00:22:27,409 --> 00:22:30,460 expensive and it's not very easy because there's so many so much salt dissolved 868 00:22:30,460 --> 00:22:30,470 there's so many so much salt dissolved 869 00:22:30,470 --> 00:22:33,129 there's so many so much salt dissolved in the seawater as you boil out that a 870 00:22:33,129 --> 00:22:33,139 in the seawater as you boil out that a 871 00:22:33,139 --> 00:22:36,100 in the seawater as you boil out that a lot of salt will deposit at the bottom 872 00:22:36,100 --> 00:22:36,110 lot of salt will deposit at the bottom 873 00:22:36,110 --> 00:22:38,860 lot of salt will deposit at the bottom and plus it will require energy to boil 874 00:22:38,860 --> 00:22:38,870 and plus it will require energy to boil 875 00:22:38,870 --> 00:22:41,680 and plus it will require energy to boil those it's not very economic as a matter 876 00:22:41,680 --> 00:22:41,690 those it's not very economic as a matter 877 00:22:41,690 --> 00:22:45,580 those it's not very economic as a matter of fact now the second one is by reverse 878 00:22:45,580 --> 00:22:45,590 of fact now the second one is by reverse 879 00:22:45,590 --> 00:22:49,690 of fact now the second one is by reverse osmosis process reverse osmosis and this 880 00:22:49,690 --> 00:22:49,700 osmosis process reverse osmosis and this 881 00:22:49,700 --> 00:22:51,909 osmosis process reverse osmosis and this is the one which which is really used a 882 00:22:51,909 --> 00:22:51,919 is the one which which is really used a 883 00:22:51,919 --> 00:22:55,989 is the one which which is really used a lot particularly in Saudi Arabia even 884 00:22:55,989 --> 00:22:55,999 lot particularly in Saudi Arabia even 885 00:22:55,999 --> 00:22:57,789 lot particularly in Saudi Arabia even though it's still expensive but not as 886 00:22:57,789 --> 00:22:57,799 though it's still expensive but not as 887 00:22:57,799 --> 00:22:59,830 though it's still expensive but not as expensive as distillation as a matter of 888 00:22:59,830 --> 00:22:59,840 expensive as distillation as a matter of 889 00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:04,299 expensive as distillation as a matter of fact what is reverse osmosis means okay 890 00:23:04,299 --> 00:23:04,309 fact what is reverse osmosis means okay 891 00:23:04,309 --> 00:23:14,739 fact what is reverse osmosis means okay now remember that if you have water very 892 00:23:14,739 --> 00:23:14,749 now remember that if you have water very 893 00:23:14,749 --> 00:23:19,210 now remember that if you have water very thin let's say it's considered this is a 894 00:23:19,210 --> 00:23:19,220 thin let's say it's considered this is a 895 00:23:19,220 --> 00:23:22,330 thin let's say it's considered this is a very thin glass tubing like this and I 896 00:23:22,330 --> 00:23:22,340 very thin glass tubing like this and I 897 00:23:22,340 --> 00:23:27,840 very thin glass tubing like this and I put here a membrane this is called semi 898 00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:27,850 put here a membrane this is called semi 899 00:23:27,850 --> 00:23:39,970 put here a membrane this is called semi permeable membrane here and then let's 900 00:23:39,970 --> 00:23:39,980 permeable membrane here and then let's 901 00:23:39,980 --> 00:23:48,840 permeable membrane here and then let's say that we put here pude water h2o pure 902 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:48,850 say that we put here pude water h2o pure 903 00:23:48,850 --> 00:24:00,600 say that we put here pude water h2o pure and here we put let's say we have simply 904 00:24:00,600 --> 00:24:00,610 and here we put let's say we have simply 905 00:24:00,610 --> 00:24:04,299 and here we put let's say we have simply let's say 0.2 molar sodium chloride 906 00:24:04,299 --> 00:24:04,309 let's say 0.2 molar sodium chloride 907 00:24:04,309 --> 00:24:09,999 let's say 0.2 molar sodium chloride solutions like this now assume that 908 00:24:09,999 --> 00:24:10,009 solutions like this now assume that 909 00:24:10,009 --> 00:24:12,700 solutions like this now assume that these are capillary very thin very very 910 00:24:12,700 --> 00:24:12,710 these are capillary very thin very very 911 00:24:12,710 --> 00:24:18,490 these are capillary very thin very very thin now what will really happen if I 912 00:24:18,490 --> 00:24:18,500 thin now what will really happen if I 913 00:24:18,500 --> 00:24:21,070 thin now what will really happen if I have a system like this this is a 914 00:24:21,070 --> 00:24:21,080 have a system like this this is a 915 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:23,040 have a system like this this is a semi permeable membrane and that 916 00:24:23,040 --> 00:24:23,050 semi permeable membrane and that 917 00:24:23,050 --> 00:24:26,550 semi permeable membrane and that membrane allows the passage of water 918 00:24:26,550 --> 00:24:26,560 membrane allows the passage of water 919 00:24:26,560 --> 00:24:28,870 membrane allows the passage of water solvent from one side to the other side 920 00:24:28,870 --> 00:24:28,880 solvent from one side to the other side 921 00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:31,120 solvent from one side to the other side but do not allow the passage of the ions 922 00:24:31,120 --> 00:24:31,130 but do not allow the passage of the ions 923 00:24:31,130 --> 00:24:36,520 but do not allow the passage of the ions or the salt ions again right so as soon 924 00:24:36,520 --> 00:24:36,530 or the salt ions again right so as soon 925 00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:39,160 or the salt ions again right so as soon as I put the water pure water here and 926 00:24:39,160 --> 00:24:39,170 as I put the water pure water here and 927 00:24:39,170 --> 00:24:41,650 as I put the water pure water here and the salty water here and what would 928 00:24:41,650 --> 00:24:41,660 the salty water here and what would 929 00:24:41,660 --> 00:24:45,060 the salty water here and what would really happen this level will go up like 930 00:24:45,060 --> 00:24:45,070 really happen this level will go up like 931 00:24:45,070 --> 00:24:52,360 really happen this level will go up like this let's upon an age and this level 932 00:24:52,360 --> 00:24:52,370 this let's upon an age and this level 933 00:24:52,370 --> 00:25:00,220 this let's upon an age and this level will go down right same amount simply 934 00:25:00,220 --> 00:25:00,230 will go down right same amount simply 935 00:25:00,230 --> 00:25:02,740 will go down right same amount simply this will go down and this will go up 936 00:25:02,740 --> 00:25:02,750 this will go down and this will go up 937 00:25:02,750 --> 00:25:05,590 this will go down and this will go up like this and the difference here is 938 00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:05,600 like this and the difference here is 939 00:25:05,600 --> 00:25:09,310 like this and the difference here is called actually the osmotic osmotic 940 00:25:09,310 --> 00:25:09,320 called actually the osmotic osmotic 941 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:11,920 called actually the osmotic osmotic pressure right yours much pressure why 942 00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:11,930 pressure right yours much pressure why 943 00:25:11,930 --> 00:25:15,700 pressure right yours much pressure why this is a game because of the entropy 944 00:25:15,700 --> 00:25:15,710 this is a game because of the entropy 945 00:25:15,710 --> 00:25:17,530 this is a game because of the entropy effect as a matter of fact what really 946 00:25:17,530 --> 00:25:17,540 effect as a matter of fact what really 947 00:25:17,540 --> 00:25:20,890 effect as a matter of fact what really happens is that when this water simply I 948 00:25:20,890 --> 00:25:20,900 happens is that when this water simply I 949 00:25:20,900 --> 00:25:23,890 happens is that when this water simply I have two system here water which have no 950 00:25:23,890 --> 00:25:23,900 have two system here water which have no 951 00:25:23,900 --> 00:25:26,890 have two system here water which have no ions and I have the water here has you 952 00:25:26,890 --> 00:25:26,900 ions and I have the water here has you 953 00:25:26,900 --> 00:25:30,220 ions and I have the water here has you know 0.2 molar ions so what the nation 954 00:25:30,220 --> 00:25:30,230 know 0.2 molar ions so what the nation 955 00:25:30,230 --> 00:25:33,220 know 0.2 molar ions so what the nation will try to do try to equalize the 956 00:25:33,220 --> 00:25:33,230 will try to do try to equalize the 957 00:25:33,230 --> 00:25:36,040 will try to do try to equalize the concentrations of these two solutions as 958 00:25:36,040 --> 00:25:36,050 concentrations of these two solutions as 959 00:25:36,050 --> 00:25:37,600 concentrations of these two solutions as a matter of fact even though this is not 960 00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:37,610 a matter of fact even though this is not 961 00:25:37,610 --> 00:25:40,930 a matter of fact even though this is not as solutions but since there will be no 962 00:25:40,930 --> 00:25:40,940 as solutions but since there will be no 963 00:25:40,940 --> 00:25:42,970 as solutions but since there will be no way to equalize the concentrations 964 00:25:42,970 --> 00:25:42,980 way to equalize the concentrations 965 00:25:42,980 --> 00:25:44,860 way to equalize the concentrations bypassing the sodium chloride from this 966 00:25:44,860 --> 00:25:44,870 bypassing the sodium chloride from this 967 00:25:44,870 --> 00:25:47,320 bypassing the sodium chloride from this permeable membrane to this side what 968 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:47,330 permeable membrane to this side what 969 00:25:47,330 --> 00:25:51,100 permeable membrane to this side what happens how the concentrations can be 970 00:25:51,100 --> 00:25:51,110 happens how the concentrations can be 971 00:25:51,110 --> 00:25:56,200 happens how the concentrations can be made close if I dilute this simply 972 00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:56,210 made close if I dilute this simply 973 00:25:56,210 --> 00:25:58,630 made close if I dilute this simply solutions and if I increase the 974 00:25:58,630 --> 00:25:58,640 solutions and if I increase the 975 00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:00,850 solutions and if I increase the concentration on this side right now 976 00:26:00,850 --> 00:26:00,860 concentration on this side right now 977 00:26:00,860 --> 00:26:03,250 concentration on this side right now dilution of this solution means I have 978 00:26:03,250 --> 00:26:03,260 dilution of this solution means I have 979 00:26:03,260 --> 00:26:06,250 dilution of this solution means I have to add more water to this and that water 980 00:26:06,250 --> 00:26:06,260 to add more water to this and that water 981 00:26:06,260 --> 00:26:08,410 to add more water to this and that water actually passes through this membrane 982 00:26:08,410 --> 00:26:08,420 actually passes through this membrane 983 00:26:08,420 --> 00:26:10,900 actually passes through this membrane and then comes over here and that level 984 00:26:10,900 --> 00:26:10,910 and then comes over here and that level 985 00:26:10,910 --> 00:26:13,240 and then comes over here and that level goes up like this and that because that 986 00:26:13,240 --> 00:26:13,250 goes up like this and that because that 987 00:26:13,250 --> 00:26:17,080 goes up like this and that because that level goes down now when the pressure 988 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:17,090 level goes down now when the pressure 989 00:26:17,090 --> 00:26:20,440 level goes down now when the pressure from this side and this side becomes 990 00:26:20,440 --> 00:26:20,450 from this side and this side becomes 991 00:26:20,450 --> 00:26:23,050 from this side and this side becomes equal then they stay and that difference 992 00:26:23,050 --> 00:26:23,060 equal then they stay and that difference 993 00:26:23,060 --> 00:26:25,090 equal then they stay and that difference again difference in the pressure between 994 00:26:25,090 --> 00:26:25,100 again difference in the pressure between 995 00:26:25,100 --> 00:26:27,010 again difference in the pressure between these two are called osmotic pressure as 996 00:26:27,010 --> 00:26:27,020 these two are called osmotic pressure as 997 00:26:27,020 --> 00:26:29,320 these two are called osmotic pressure as I told you and dependent on the 998 00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:29,330 I told you and dependent on the 999 00:26:29,330 --> 00:26:30,850 I told you and dependent on the concentration the osmotic pressure will 1000 00:26:30,850 --> 00:26:30,860 concentration the osmotic pressure will 1001 00:26:30,860 --> 00:26:32,940 concentration the osmotic pressure will increase or decrease again 1002 00:26:32,940 --> 00:26:32,950 increase or decrease again 1003 00:26:32,950 --> 00:26:39,460 increase or decrease again now let's assume that instead of leaving 1004 00:26:39,460 --> 00:26:39,470 now let's assume that instead of leaving 1005 00:26:39,470 --> 00:26:44,320 now let's assume that instead of leaving it this alone I have the ocean water in 1006 00:26:44,320 --> 00:26:44,330 it this alone I have the ocean water in 1007 00:26:44,330 --> 00:26:48,780 it this alone I have the ocean water in this side and then pure water here 1008 00:26:48,780 --> 00:26:48,790 this side and then pure water here 1009 00:26:48,790 --> 00:26:52,060 this side and then pure water here instead of letting that alone I simply 1010 00:26:52,060 --> 00:26:52,070 instead of letting that alone I simply 1011 00:26:52,070 --> 00:26:55,180 instead of letting that alone I simply put here a pressure apply here a 1012 00:26:55,180 --> 00:26:55,190 put here a pressure apply here a 1013 00:26:55,190 --> 00:27:00,220 put here a pressure apply here a pressure right here I simply apply a 1014 00:27:00,220 --> 00:27:00,230 pressure right here I simply apply a 1015 00:27:00,230 --> 00:27:05,680 pressure right here I simply apply a pressure and then push it down if I push 1016 00:27:05,680 --> 00:27:05,690 pressure and then push it down if I push 1017 00:27:05,690 --> 00:27:08,130 pressure and then push it down if I push it down what I what happens the 1018 00:27:08,130 --> 00:27:08,140 it down what I what happens the 1019 00:27:08,140 --> 00:27:12,610 it down what I what happens the automatic process is reversed right when 1020 00:27:12,610 --> 00:27:12,620 automatic process is reversed right when 1021 00:27:12,620 --> 00:27:14,320 automatic process is reversed right when I push it down here it will come down 1022 00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:14,330 I push it down here it will come down 1023 00:27:14,330 --> 00:27:16,210 I push it down here it will come down like this depending on out what pressure 1024 00:27:16,210 --> 00:27:16,220 like this depending on out what pressure 1025 00:27:16,220 --> 00:27:17,980 like this depending on out what pressure I apply air it should be definitely 1026 00:27:17,980 --> 00:27:17,990 I apply air it should be definitely 1027 00:27:17,990 --> 00:27:19,419 I apply air it should be definitely greater than the automatic pressure 1028 00:27:19,419 --> 00:27:19,429 greater than the automatic pressure 1029 00:27:19,429 --> 00:27:22,870 greater than the automatic pressure right and then then the water pure water 1030 00:27:22,870 --> 00:27:22,880 right and then then the water pure water 1031 00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,360 right and then then the water pure water on this side will pass through the 1032 00:27:25,360 --> 00:27:25,370 on this side will pass through the 1033 00:27:25,370 --> 00:27:27,549 on this side will pass through the semipermeable membrane on that side and 1034 00:27:27,549 --> 00:27:27,559 semipermeable membrane on that side and 1035 00:27:27,559 --> 00:27:29,560 semipermeable membrane on that side and then the pure water amount and this 1036 00:27:29,560 --> 00:27:29,570 then the pure water amount and this 1037 00:27:29,570 --> 00:27:32,669 then the pure water amount and this column here will increase that's again 1038 00:27:32,669 --> 00:27:32,679 column here will increase that's again 1039 00:27:32,679 --> 00:27:36,610 column here will increase that's again the principle of reverse osmosis to 1040 00:27:36,610 --> 00:27:36,620 the principle of reverse osmosis to 1041 00:27:36,620 --> 00:27:39,669 the principle of reverse osmosis to desalinate the ocean water ocean water 1042 00:27:39,669 --> 00:27:39,679 desalinate the ocean water ocean water 1043 00:27:39,679 --> 00:27:42,419 desalinate the ocean water ocean water the system is similar to this put the 1044 00:27:42,419 --> 00:27:42,429 the system is similar to this put the 1045 00:27:42,429 --> 00:27:45,280 the system is similar to this put the ocean water and then you put the 1046 00:27:45,280 --> 00:27:45,290 ocean water and then you put the 1047 00:27:45,290 --> 00:27:47,830 ocean water and then you put the pressure on it big pressure and put a 1048 00:27:47,830 --> 00:27:47,840 pressure on it big pressure and put a 1049 00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:49,510 pressure on it big pressure and put a permeable membrane you have to have that 1050 00:27:49,510 --> 00:27:49,520 permeable membrane you have to have that 1051 00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:52,330 permeable membrane you have to have that membrane and keep all the salt all the 1052 00:27:52,330 --> 00:27:52,340 membrane and keep all the salt all the 1053 00:27:52,340 --> 00:27:54,190 membrane and keep all the salt all the ions on this side and get the fresh 1054 00:27:54,190 --> 00:27:54,200 ions on this side and get the fresh 1055 00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:56,140 ions on this side and get the fresh water and you can use that fresh water 1056 00:27:56,140 --> 00:27:56,150 water and you can use that fresh water 1057 00:27:56,150 --> 00:27:58,890 water and you can use that fresh water as a matter of fact so that is the 1058 00:27:58,890 --> 00:27:58,900 as a matter of fact so that is the 1059 00:27:58,900 --> 00:28:02,620 as a matter of fact so that is the reverse osmosis and you see again here 1060 00:28:02,620 --> 00:28:02,630 reverse osmosis and you see again here 1061 00:28:02,630 --> 00:28:06,270 reverse osmosis and you see again here you pull fill out all these with the 1062 00:28:06,270 --> 00:28:06,280 you pull fill out all these with the 1063 00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:10,030 you pull fill out all these with the water from the ocean and these are all 1064 00:28:10,030 --> 00:28:10,040 water from the ocean and these are all 1065 00:28:10,040 --> 00:28:11,650 water from the ocean and these are all semipermeable membrane you apply a 1066 00:28:11,650 --> 00:28:11,660 semipermeable membrane you apply a 1067 00:28:11,660 --> 00:28:13,630 semipermeable membrane you apply a pressure there when you apply a pressure 1068 00:28:13,630 --> 00:28:13,640 pressure there when you apply a pressure 1069 00:28:13,640 --> 00:28:15,820 pressure there when you apply a pressure and pure water comes out from these 1070 00:28:15,820 --> 00:28:15,830 and pure water comes out from these 1071 00:28:15,830 --> 00:28:18,700 and pure water comes out from these tubes and you connect collected from the 1072 00:28:18,700 --> 00:28:18,710 tubes and you connect collected from the 1073 00:28:18,710 --> 00:28:21,370 tubes and you connect collected from the other side and use the water again right 1074 00:28:21,370 --> 00:28:21,380 other side and use the water again right 1075 00:28:21,380 --> 00:28:23,590 other side and use the water again right so this is again if pressure is applied 1076 00:28:23,590 --> 00:28:23,600 so this is again if pressure is applied 1077 00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:25,990 so this is again if pressure is applied the water can be forced through a 1078 00:28:25,990 --> 00:28:26,000 the water can be forced through a 1079 00:28:26,000 --> 00:28:28,560 the water can be forced through a membrane in the opposite direction 1080 00:28:28,560 --> 00:28:28,570 membrane in the opposite direction 1081 00:28:28,570 --> 00:28:30,940 membrane in the opposite direction concentrating the pure water this is 1082 00:28:30,940 --> 00:28:30,950 concentrating the pure water this is 1083 00:28:30,950 --> 00:28:33,760 concentrating the pure water this is what it simply I try to show you here 1084 00:28:33,760 --> 00:28:33,770 what it simply I try to show you here 1085 00:28:33,770 --> 00:28:38,230 what it simply I try to show you here that's exactly what how we describe it 1086 00:28:38,230 --> 00:28:38,240 that's exactly what how we describe it 1087 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:42,460 that's exactly what how we describe it okay now uh water purification for the 1088 00:28:42,460 --> 00:28:42,470 okay now uh water purification for the 1089 00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:44,020 okay now uh water purification for the municipal water that's the purification 1090 00:28:44,020 --> 00:28:44,030 municipal water that's the purification 1091 00:28:44,030 --> 00:28:46,360 municipal water that's the purification of the sea water actually it make the 1092 00:28:46,360 --> 00:28:46,370 of the sea water actually it make the 1093 00:28:46,370 --> 00:28:46,620 of the sea water actually it make the sea 1094 00:28:46,620 --> 00:28:46,630 sea 1095 00:28:46,630 --> 00:28:48,960 sea water possible make it drinkable water 1096 00:28:48,960 --> 00:28:48,970 water possible make it drinkable water 1097 00:28:48,970 --> 00:28:54,420 water possible make it drinkable water actually and we should also purify the 1098 00:28:54,420 --> 00:28:54,430 actually and we should also purify the 1099 00:28:54,430 --> 00:28:57,120 actually and we should also purify the municipal water before we throw them 1100 00:28:57,120 --> 00:28:57,130 municipal water before we throw them 1101 00:28:57,130 --> 00:29:00,450 municipal water before we throw them into the waste right and that is also 1102 00:29:00,450 --> 00:29:00,460 into the waste right and that is also 1103 00:29:00,460 --> 00:29:03,300 into the waste right and that is also important too and steps to purifying 1104 00:29:03,300 --> 00:29:03,310 important too and steps to purifying 1105 00:29:03,310 --> 00:29:06,240 important too and steps to purifying water forum Universal municipal supply 1106 00:29:06,240 --> 00:29:06,250 water forum Universal municipal supply 1107 00:29:06,250 --> 00:29:14,700 water forum Universal municipal supply what is municipal yes what is the 1108 00:29:14,700 --> 00:29:14,710 what is municipal yes what is the 1109 00:29:14,710 --> 00:29:18,960 what is municipal yes what is the Turkish word for municipal bill idea yes 1110 00:29:18,960 --> 00:29:18,970 Turkish word for municipal bill idea yes 1111 00:29:18,970 --> 00:29:24,240 Turkish word for municipal bill idea yes that's the Bolivia actually now we add 1112 00:29:24,240 --> 00:29:24,250 that's the Bolivia actually now we add 1113 00:29:24,250 --> 00:29:27,210 that's the Bolivia actually now we add calcium oxide and that makes the 1114 00:29:27,210 --> 00:29:27,220 calcium oxide and that makes the 1115 00:29:27,220 --> 00:29:30,530 calcium oxide and that makes the solution basic and then we add aluminium 1116 00:29:30,530 --> 00:29:30,540 solution basic and then we add aluminium 1117 00:29:30,540 --> 00:29:33,840 solution basic and then we add aluminium sulfate and that in the basic solution 1118 00:29:33,840 --> 00:29:33,850 sulfate and that in the basic solution 1119 00:29:33,850 --> 00:29:36,630 sulfate and that in the basic solution precipitate aluminium hydroxide but as 1120 00:29:36,630 --> 00:29:36,640 precipitate aluminium hydroxide but as 1121 00:29:36,640 --> 00:29:38,760 precipitate aluminium hydroxide but as it precipitated it also brings down or 1122 00:29:38,760 --> 00:29:38,770 it precipitated it also brings down or 1123 00:29:38,770 --> 00:29:42,090 it precipitated it also brings down or other even bacteria and small particles 1124 00:29:42,090 --> 00:29:42,100 other even bacteria and small particles 1125 00:29:42,100 --> 00:29:44,760 other even bacteria and small particles with it added to removal of the very 1126 00:29:44,760 --> 00:29:44,770 with it added to removal of the very 1127 00:29:44,770 --> 00:29:47,570 with it added to removal of the very small particles and then water is 1128 00:29:47,570 --> 00:29:47,580 small particles and then water is 1129 00:29:47,580 --> 00:29:49,800 small particles and then water is aerated to increase the amount of 1130 00:29:49,800 --> 00:29:49,810 aerated to increase the amount of 1131 00:29:49,810 --> 00:29:52,320 aerated to increase the amount of dissolved water you see again this is 1132 00:29:52,320 --> 00:29:52,330 dissolved water you see again this is 1133 00:29:52,330 --> 00:29:56,370 dissolved water you see again this is the aeration right there water and this 1134 00:29:56,370 --> 00:29:56,380 the aeration right there water and this 1135 00:29:56,380 --> 00:30:00,360 the aeration right there water and this is we take the tanks and then keep it 1136 00:30:00,360 --> 00:30:00,370 is we take the tanks and then keep it 1137 00:30:00,370 --> 00:30:02,670 is we take the tanks and then keep it there for a while and filter it before 1138 00:30:02,670 --> 00:30:02,680 there for a while and filter it before 1139 00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:05,610 there for a while and filter it before we go here and add the calcium oxide 1140 00:30:05,610 --> 00:30:05,620 we go here and add the calcium oxide 1141 00:30:05,620 --> 00:30:07,800 we go here and add the calcium oxide aluminum sulfate there and it 1142 00:30:07,800 --> 00:30:07,810 aluminum sulfate there and it 1143 00:30:07,810 --> 00:30:09,510 aluminum sulfate there and it precipitates and we take from there 1144 00:30:09,510 --> 00:30:09,520 precipitates and we take from there 1145 00:30:09,520 --> 00:30:14,520 precipitates and we take from there arrow fired and then water is aerated 1146 00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:14,530 arrow fired and then water is aerated 1147 00:30:14,530 --> 00:30:17,460 arrow fired and then water is aerated again to increase the dissolve oxygen 1148 00:30:17,460 --> 00:30:17,470 again to increase the dissolve oxygen 1149 00:30:17,470 --> 00:30:20,130 again to increase the dissolve oxygen oxidation organic impurities the ozone 1150 00:30:20,130 --> 00:30:20,140 oxidation organic impurities the ozone 1151 00:30:20,140 --> 00:30:22,950 oxidation organic impurities the ozone or chlorine is used to disinfect the 1152 00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:22,960 or chlorine is used to disinfect the 1153 00:30:22,960 --> 00:30:26,430 or chlorine is used to disinfect the water again remember usually we use the 1154 00:30:26,430 --> 00:30:26,440 water again remember usually we use the 1155 00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:29,540 water again remember usually we use the chlorine we add chlorine gas to the 1156 00:30:29,540 --> 00:30:29,550 chlorine we add chlorine gas to the 1157 00:30:29,550 --> 00:30:33,270 chlorine we add chlorine gas to the drinking water to kill the bacteria or 1158 00:30:33,270 --> 00:30:33,280 drinking water to kill the bacteria or 1159 00:30:33,280 --> 00:30:37,890 drinking water to kill the bacteria or other germs again viruses and parasites 1160 00:30:37,890 --> 00:30:37,900 other germs again viruses and parasites 1161 00:30:37,900 --> 00:30:44,610 other germs again viruses and parasites and things like that but in the last few 1162 00:30:44,610 --> 00:30:44,620 and things like that but in the last few 1163 00:30:44,620 --> 00:30:47,880 and things like that but in the last few years they find out that the chlorine is 1164 00:30:47,880 --> 00:30:47,890 years they find out that the chlorine is 1165 00:30:47,890 --> 00:30:52,230 years they find out that the chlorine is not also so good for the drinking water 1166 00:30:52,230 --> 00:30:52,240 not also so good for the drinking water 1167 00:30:52,240 --> 00:30:55,160 not also so good for the drinking water and when you have the chlorine it 1168 00:30:55,160 --> 00:30:55,170 and when you have the chlorine it 1169 00:30:55,170 --> 00:31:00,310 and when you have the chlorine it generates other species and it causes 1170 00:31:00,310 --> 00:31:00,320 generates other species and it causes 1171 00:31:00,320 --> 00:31:03,530 generates other species and it causes cancer those products as a matter of 1172 00:31:03,530 --> 00:31:03,540 cancer those products as a matter of 1173 00:31:03,540 --> 00:31:06,290 cancer those products as a matter of fact therefore if you're going to use 1174 00:31:06,290 --> 00:31:06,300 fact therefore if you're going to use 1175 00:31:06,300 --> 00:31:09,530 fact therefore if you're going to use the chlorine we have to simply keep the 1176 00:31:09,530 --> 00:31:09,540 the chlorine we have to simply keep the 1177 00:31:09,540 --> 00:31:12,260 the chlorine we have to simply keep the amount of dissolved chlorine in the 1178 00:31:12,260 --> 00:31:12,270 amount of dissolved chlorine in the 1179 00:31:12,270 --> 00:31:15,130 amount of dissolved chlorine in the sewer in water very very low actually 1180 00:31:15,130 --> 00:31:15,140 sewer in water very very low actually 1181 00:31:15,140 --> 00:31:18,440 sewer in water very very low actually and what is the alternative 1182 00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:18,450 and what is the alternative 1183 00:31:18,450 --> 00:31:20,450 and what is the alternative the alternative is owes on but ozone 1184 00:31:20,450 --> 00:31:20,460 the alternative is owes on but ozone 1185 00:31:20,460 --> 00:31:23,330 the alternative is owes on but ozone also have some problems with it too 1186 00:31:23,330 --> 00:31:23,340 also have some problems with it too 1187 00:31:23,340 --> 00:31:25,850 also have some problems with it too we have to be very careful about to use 1188 00:31:25,850 --> 00:31:25,860 we have to be very careful about to use 1189 00:31:25,860 --> 00:31:28,010 we have to be very careful about to use the ozone to disinfect the drink 1190 00:31:28,010 --> 00:31:28,020 the ozone to disinfect the drink 1191 00:31:28,020 --> 00:31:31,730 the ozone to disinfect the drink drinking waters again now this this 1192 00:31:31,730 --> 00:31:31,740 drinking waters again now this this 1193 00:31:31,740 --> 00:31:35,510 drinking waters again now this this shows again how we can probably solve 1194 00:31:35,510 --> 00:31:35,520 shows again how we can probably solve 1195 00:31:35,520 --> 00:31:38,600 shows again how we can probably solve the drinking water problem on the earth 1196 00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:38,610 the drinking water problem on the earth 1197 00:31:38,610 --> 00:31:40,490 the drinking water problem on the earth particularly in the places where the 1198 00:31:40,490 --> 00:31:40,500 particularly in the places where the 1199 00:31:40,500 --> 00:31:43,250 particularly in the places where the people do not have an excess to good 1200 00:31:43,250 --> 00:31:43,260 people do not have an excess to good 1201 00:31:43,260 --> 00:31:45,830 people do not have an excess to good water enough drinking water and this is 1202 00:31:45,830 --> 00:31:45,840 water enough drinking water and this is 1203 00:31:45,840 --> 00:31:48,410 water enough drinking water and this is called the live stroll I see there again 1204 00:31:48,410 --> 00:31:48,420 called the live stroll I see there again 1205 00:31:48,420 --> 00:31:50,810 called the live stroll I see there again and it looks like and all that big 1206 00:31:50,810 --> 00:31:50,820 and it looks like and all that big 1207 00:31:50,820 --> 00:31:53,450 and it looks like and all that big things and what we have here we have the 1208 00:31:53,450 --> 00:31:53,460 things and what we have here we have the 1209 00:31:53,460 --> 00:31:57,650 things and what we have here we have the filters and then we have the iodine's 1210 00:31:57,650 --> 00:31:57,660 filters and then we have the iodine's 1211 00:31:57,660 --> 00:31:59,660 filters and then we have the iodine's actually the two kinds of filters we 1212 00:31:59,660 --> 00:31:59,670 actually the two kinds of filters we 1213 00:31:59,670 --> 00:32:00,620 actually the two kinds of filters we have the iodine's 1214 00:32:00,620 --> 00:32:00,630 have the iodine's 1215 00:32:00,630 --> 00:32:03,760 have the iodine's and then we have the charcoal actually 1216 00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:03,770 and then we have the charcoal actually 1217 00:32:03,770 --> 00:32:09,920 and then we have the charcoal actually varied powder of graphite as a matter of 1218 00:32:09,920 --> 00:32:09,930 varied powder of graphite as a matter of 1219 00:32:09,930 --> 00:32:13,520 varied powder of graphite as a matter of fact called charcoal and let's look at 1220 00:32:13,520 --> 00:32:13,530 fact called charcoal and let's look at 1221 00:32:13,530 --> 00:32:16,130 fact called charcoal and let's look at here as one sucks water through the 1222 00:32:16,130 --> 00:32:16,140 here as one sucks water through the 1223 00:32:16,140 --> 00:32:18,620 here as one sucks water through the straw from there actually this is really 1224 00:32:18,620 --> 00:32:18,630 straw from there actually this is really 1225 00:32:18,630 --> 00:32:22,100 straw from there actually this is really you know terrible water but the water 1226 00:32:22,100 --> 00:32:22,110 you know terrible water but the water 1227 00:32:22,110 --> 00:32:23,930 you know terrible water but the water comes out in your mouth is drinkable 1228 00:32:23,930 --> 00:32:23,940 comes out in your mouth is drinkable 1229 00:32:23,940 --> 00:32:26,690 comes out in your mouth is drinkable becomes drinkable what are the processes 1230 00:32:26,690 --> 00:32:26,700 becomes drinkable what are the processes 1231 00:32:26,700 --> 00:32:30,620 becomes drinkable what are the processes that it goes through now filters remove 1232 00:32:30,620 --> 00:32:30,630 that it goes through now filters remove 1233 00:32:30,630 --> 00:32:33,110 that it goes through now filters remove most of the sediment and bacteria this 1234 00:32:33,110 --> 00:32:33,120 most of the sediment and bacteria this 1235 00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:35,990 most of the sediment and bacteria this filters here remove some sediments and 1236 00:32:35,990 --> 00:32:36,000 filters here remove some sediments and 1237 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:40,960 filters here remove some sediments and bacteria iodine right here in fact beads 1238 00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:40,970 bacteria iodine right here in fact beads 1239 00:32:40,970 --> 00:32:45,050 bacteria iodine right here in fact beads then kill viruses see again they killed 1240 00:32:45,050 --> 00:32:45,060 then kill viruses see again they killed 1241 00:32:45,060 --> 00:32:47,150 then kill viruses see again they killed the viruses and bacteria that's very 1242 00:32:47,150 --> 00:32:47,160 the viruses and bacteria that's very 1243 00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:49,960 the viruses and bacteria that's very important and then the charcoal here 1244 00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:49,970 important and then the charcoal here 1245 00:32:49,970 --> 00:32:52,730 important and then the charcoal here removes the iodine smell and most 1246 00:32:52,730 --> 00:32:52,740 removes the iodine smell and most 1247 00:32:52,740 --> 00:32:55,430 removes the iodine smell and most remaining parasites there and also bad 1248 00:32:55,430 --> 00:32:55,440 remaining parasites there and also bad 1249 00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:58,160 remaining parasites there and also bad orders so a very simple system but 1250 00:32:58,160 --> 00:32:58,170 orders so a very simple system but 1251 00:32:58,170 --> 00:33:02,270 orders so a very simple system but allows you to drink the waste water 1252 00:33:02,270 --> 00:33:02,280 allows you to drink the waste water 1253 00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:03,290 allows you to drink the waste water right 1254 00:33:03,290 --> 00:33:03,300 right 1255 00:33:03,300 --> 00:33:06,980 right no that's possible but it's they say 1256 00:33:06,980 --> 00:33:06,990 no that's possible but it's they say 1257 00:33:06,990 --> 00:33:11,440 no that's possible but it's they say it's still very expensive to give it to 1258 00:33:11,440 --> 00:33:11,450 it's still very expensive to give it to 1259 00:33:11,450 --> 00:33:13,130 it's still very expensive to give it to people 1260 00:33:13,130 --> 00:33:13,140 people 1261 00:33:13,140 --> 00:33:15,260 people Africa or somewhere else it cost a lot 1262 00:33:15,260 --> 00:33:15,270 Africa or somewhere else it cost a lot 1263 00:33:15,270 --> 00:33:19,910 Africa or somewhere else it cost a lot but it may be cheaper in the future okay 1264 00:33:19,910 --> 00:33:19,920 but it may be cheaper in the future okay 1265 00:33:19,920 --> 00:33:27,680 but it may be cheaper in the future okay now the next is the green chemistry this 1266 00:33:27,680 --> 00:33:27,690 now the next is the green chemistry this 1267 00:33:27,690 --> 00:33:29,780 now the next is the green chemistry this is a game the earth can largely be 1268 00:33:29,780 --> 00:33:29,790 is a game the earth can largely be 1269 00:33:29,790 --> 00:33:34,150 is a game the earth can largely be considered as a closed system right 1270 00:33:34,150 --> 00:33:34,160 considered as a closed system right 1271 00:33:34,160 --> 00:33:38,360 considered as a closed system right which can exchange energy with the rest 1272 00:33:38,360 --> 00:33:38,370 which can exchange energy with the rest 1273 00:33:38,370 --> 00:33:41,810 which can exchange energy with the rest of the universe energy state we get the 1274 00:33:41,810 --> 00:33:41,820 of the universe energy state we get the 1275 00:33:41,820 --> 00:33:43,550 of the universe energy state we get the energy from the Sun and some of the 1276 00:33:43,550 --> 00:33:43,560 energy from the Sun and some of the 1277 00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:46,520 energy from the Sun and some of the energy is released to the space actually 1278 00:33:46,520 --> 00:33:46,530 energy is released to the space actually 1279 00:33:46,530 --> 00:33:49,160 energy is released to the space actually but keeps inside the mask whatever mass 1280 00:33:49,160 --> 00:33:49,170 but keeps inside the mask whatever mass 1281 00:33:49,170 --> 00:33:53,810 but keeps inside the mask whatever mass we have that's on the earth here so for 1282 00:33:53,810 --> 00:33:53,820 we have that's on the earth here so for 1283 00:33:53,820 --> 00:33:56,150 we have that's on the earth here so for the humanity to live on the earth 1284 00:33:56,150 --> 00:33:56,160 the humanity to live on the earth 1285 00:33:56,160 --> 00:33:59,480 the humanity to live on the earth happily actually we need to keep our 1286 00:33:59,480 --> 00:33:59,490 happily actually we need to keep our 1287 00:33:59,490 --> 00:34:01,520 happily actually we need to keep our process in balance with the earth 1288 00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:01,530 process in balance with the earth 1289 00:34:01,530 --> 00:34:04,760 process in balance with the earth natural processes so there is always a 1290 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:04,770 natural processes so there is always a 1291 00:34:04,770 --> 00:34:08,090 natural processes so there is always a natural ecological balance on the earth 1292 00:34:08,090 --> 00:34:08,100 natural ecological balance on the earth 1293 00:34:08,100 --> 00:34:10,850 natural ecological balance on the earth actually now if we disturb this 1294 00:34:10,850 --> 00:34:10,860 actually now if we disturb this 1295 00:34:10,860 --> 00:34:13,520 actually now if we disturb this ecological balance then we will have 1296 00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:13,530 ecological balance then we will have 1297 00:34:13,530 --> 00:34:15,680 ecological balance then we will have problems actually all living organisms 1298 00:34:15,680 --> 00:34:15,690 problems actually all living organisms 1299 00:34:15,690 --> 00:34:17,899 problems actually all living organisms will have problems living on the earth 1300 00:34:17,899 --> 00:34:17,909 will have problems living on the earth 1301 00:34:17,909 --> 00:34:21,530 will have problems living on the earth as a matter of fact and for that we have 1302 00:34:21,530 --> 00:34:21,540 as a matter of fact and for that we have 1303 00:34:21,540 --> 00:34:24,800 as a matter of fact and for that we have to take some precautions for that to 1304 00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:24,810 to take some precautions for that to 1305 00:34:24,810 --> 00:34:28,760 to take some precautions for that to keep that balance with the earth natural 1306 00:34:28,760 --> 00:34:28,770 keep that balance with the earth natural 1307 00:34:28,770 --> 00:34:31,909 keep that balance with the earth natural processes now it says this is the basis 1308 00:34:31,909 --> 00:34:31,919 processes now it says this is the basis 1309 00:34:31,919 --> 00:34:34,159 processes now it says this is the basis for green chemistry actually the green 1310 00:34:34,159 --> 00:34:34,169 for green chemistry actually the green 1311 00:34:34,169 --> 00:34:39,710 for green chemistry actually the green chemistry which simply considers keeping 1312 00:34:39,710 --> 00:34:39,720 chemistry which simply considers keeping 1313 00:34:39,720 --> 00:34:42,800 chemistry which simply considers keeping this biologic at the ecological balances 1314 00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:42,810 this biologic at the ecological balances 1315 00:34:42,810 --> 00:34:45,649 this biologic at the ecological balances of the earth natural balances of the 1316 00:34:45,649 --> 00:34:45,659 of the earth natural balances of the 1317 00:34:45,659 --> 00:34:48,010 of the earth natural balances of the processes taking place on the earth now 1318 00:34:48,010 --> 00:34:48,020 processes taking place on the earth now 1319 00:34:48,020 --> 00:34:50,030 processes taking place on the earth now definitions of the green chemistry is 1320 00:34:50,030 --> 00:34:50,040 definitions of the green chemistry is 1321 00:34:50,040 --> 00:34:52,340 definitions of the green chemistry is given again as follow green chemistry is 1322 00:34:52,340 --> 00:34:52,350 given again as follow green chemistry is 1323 00:34:52,350 --> 00:34:55,490 given again as follow green chemistry is an initiative that promotes the design 1324 00:34:55,490 --> 00:34:55,500 an initiative that promotes the design 1325 00:34:55,500 --> 00:34:57,139 an initiative that promotes the design and applications of the chemical 1326 00:34:57,139 --> 00:34:57,149 and applications of the chemical 1327 00:34:57,149 --> 00:34:59,510 and applications of the chemical products and the processes that are 1328 00:34:59,510 --> 00:34:59,520 products and the processes that are 1329 00:34:59,520 --> 00:35:02,900 products and the processes that are compatible with human health and that 1330 00:35:02,900 --> 00:35:02,910 compatible with human health and that 1331 00:35:02,910 --> 00:35:05,990 compatible with human health and that pre preserve the environment now this is 1332 00:35:05,990 --> 00:35:06,000 pre preserve the environment now this is 1333 00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:09,890 pre preserve the environment now this is important so when we simply carry out 1334 00:35:09,890 --> 00:35:09,900 important so when we simply carry out 1335 00:35:09,900 --> 00:35:12,620 important so when we simply carry out chemical reactions or chemical processes 1336 00:35:12,620 --> 00:35:12,630 chemical reactions or chemical processes 1337 00:35:12,630 --> 00:35:15,710 chemical reactions or chemical processes on the earth it says we have to simply 1338 00:35:15,710 --> 00:35:15,720 on the earth it says we have to simply 1339 00:35:15,720 --> 00:35:19,610 on the earth it says we have to simply consider this balance and make the aim 1340 00:35:19,610 --> 00:35:19,620 consider this balance and make the aim 1341 00:35:19,620 --> 00:35:24,170 consider this balance and make the aim should be human health and preserve the 1342 00:35:24,170 --> 00:35:24,180 should be human health and preserve the 1343 00:35:24,180 --> 00:35:25,250 should be human health and preserve the environment 1344 00:35:25,250 --> 00:35:25,260 environment 1345 00:35:25,260 --> 00:35:28,430 environment preserve their mind again you see most 1346 00:35:28,430 --> 00:35:28,440 preserve their mind again you see most 1347 00:35:28,440 --> 00:35:32,870 preserve their mind again you see most of the pollutants are produced by the 1348 00:35:32,870 --> 00:35:32,880 of the pollutants are produced by the 1349 00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:36,440 of the pollutants are produced by the chemical industry but the removal of 1350 00:35:36,440 --> 00:35:36,450 chemical industry but the removal of 1351 00:35:36,450 --> 00:35:38,480 chemical industry but the removal of those pollutants or find the remedy for 1352 00:35:38,480 --> 00:35:38,490 those pollutants or find the remedy for 1353 00:35:38,490 --> 00:35:41,300 those pollutants or find the remedy for the environmental problems is also a 1354 00:35:41,300 --> 00:35:41,310 the environmental problems is also a 1355 00:35:41,310 --> 00:35:43,010 the environmental problems is also a knowledge of chemistry requires a 1356 00:35:43,010 --> 00:35:43,020 knowledge of chemistry requires a 1357 00:35:43,020 --> 00:35:45,050 knowledge of chemistry requires a knowledge of chemistry - chemistry is 1358 00:35:45,050 --> 00:35:45,060 knowledge of chemistry - chemistry is 1359 00:35:45,060 --> 00:35:47,890 knowledge of chemistry - chemistry is very very important in this respect now 1360 00:35:47,890 --> 00:35:47,900 very very important in this respect now 1361 00:35:47,900 --> 00:35:51,020 very very important in this respect now these are the principles of the green 1362 00:35:51,020 --> 00:35:51,030 these are the principles of the green 1363 00:35:51,030 --> 00:35:51,680 these are the principles of the green chemistry 1364 00:35:51,680 --> 00:35:51,690 chemistry 1365 00:35:51,690 --> 00:35:55,400 chemistry the first one is says prevention it is 1366 00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:55,410 the first one is says prevention it is 1367 00:35:55,410 --> 00:35:58,550 the first one is says prevention it is better to prevent waste then to clean it 1368 00:35:58,550 --> 00:35:58,560 better to prevent waste then to clean it 1369 00:35:58,560 --> 00:36:01,340 better to prevent waste then to clean it up after it has been created that means 1370 00:36:01,340 --> 00:36:01,350 up after it has been created that means 1371 00:36:01,350 --> 00:36:04,910 up after it has been created that means we don't really have to create waste you 1372 00:36:04,910 --> 00:36:04,920 we don't really have to create waste you 1373 00:36:04,920 --> 00:36:08,990 we don't really have to create waste you know it's not simply so practical after 1374 00:36:08,990 --> 00:36:09,000 know it's not simply so practical after 1375 00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:11,420 know it's not simply so practical after we create ways to clean that waste but 1376 00:36:11,420 --> 00:36:11,430 we create ways to clean that waste but 1377 00:36:11,430 --> 00:36:14,690 we create ways to clean that waste but rather than not produce that waste 1378 00:36:14,690 --> 00:36:14,700 rather than not produce that waste 1379 00:36:14,700 --> 00:36:18,380 rather than not produce that waste prevent that waste formation happening 1380 00:36:18,380 --> 00:36:18,390 prevent that waste formation happening 1381 00:36:18,390 --> 00:36:22,400 prevent that waste formation happening before actually now this is Atem economy 1382 00:36:22,400 --> 00:36:22,410 before actually now this is Atem economy 1383 00:36:22,410 --> 00:36:24,110 before actually now this is Atem economy this is for the chemical reactions 1384 00:36:24,110 --> 00:36:24,120 this is for the chemical reactions 1385 00:36:24,120 --> 00:36:26,690 this is for the chemical reactions actually it says methods to make the 1386 00:36:26,690 --> 00:36:26,700 actually it says methods to make the 1387 00:36:26,700 --> 00:36:28,910 actually it says methods to make the chemical compounds should be designed to 1388 00:36:28,910 --> 00:36:28,920 chemical compounds should be designed to 1389 00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:31,490 chemical compounds should be designed to maximize the incorporations of all 1390 00:36:31,490 --> 00:36:31,500 maximize the incorporations of all 1391 00:36:31,500 --> 00:36:34,640 maximize the incorporations of all starburns atoms into the final product 1392 00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:34,650 starburns atoms into the final product 1393 00:36:34,650 --> 00:36:37,310 starburns atoms into the final product what this simply means that when we 1394 00:36:37,310 --> 00:36:37,320 what this simply means that when we 1395 00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:40,370 what this simply means that when we start with the reactants in a chemical 1396 00:36:40,370 --> 00:36:40,380 start with the reactants in a chemical 1397 00:36:40,380 --> 00:36:44,840 start with the reactants in a chemical reactions if somehow all the atoms that 1398 00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:44,850 reactions if somehow all the atoms that 1399 00:36:44,850 --> 00:36:48,230 reactions if somehow all the atoms that present in chemical reactants appears in 1400 00:36:48,230 --> 00:36:48,240 present in chemical reactants appears in 1401 00:36:48,240 --> 00:36:52,850 present in chemical reactants appears in the chemical product there is no other 1402 00:36:52,850 --> 00:36:52,860 the chemical product there is no other 1403 00:36:52,860 --> 00:36:56,060 the chemical product there is no other side product that means it is the best 1404 00:36:56,060 --> 00:36:56,070 side product that means it is the best 1405 00:36:56,070 --> 00:37:00,110 side product that means it is the best economy right in terms of number of 1406 00:37:00,110 --> 00:37:00,120 economy right in terms of number of 1407 00:37:00,120 --> 00:37:02,270 economy right in terms of number of atoms number of substance actually and 1408 00:37:02,270 --> 00:37:02,280 atoms number of substance actually and 1409 00:37:02,280 --> 00:37:04,700 atoms number of substance actually and that's called the atomic action economy 1410 00:37:04,700 --> 00:37:04,710 that's called the atomic action economy 1411 00:37:04,710 --> 00:37:07,220 that's called the atomic action economy atom economy that means all of the atoms 1412 00:37:07,220 --> 00:37:07,230 atom economy that means all of the atoms 1413 00:37:07,230 --> 00:37:09,380 atom economy that means all of the atoms that enters any chemical reaction we 1414 00:37:09,380 --> 00:37:09,390 that enters any chemical reaction we 1415 00:37:09,390 --> 00:37:11,570 that enters any chemical reaction we desire to have them all in the product 1416 00:37:11,570 --> 00:37:11,580 desire to have them all in the product 1417 00:37:11,580 --> 00:37:14,210 desire to have them all in the product that we would like to obtain not the 1418 00:37:14,210 --> 00:37:14,220 that we would like to obtain not the 1419 00:37:14,220 --> 00:37:16,190 that we would like to obtain not the side product or the other things that 1420 00:37:16,190 --> 00:37:16,200 side product or the other things that 1421 00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:18,020 side product or the other things that comes out from the reaction that's what 1422 00:37:18,020 --> 00:37:18,030 comes out from the reaction that's what 1423 00:37:18,030 --> 00:37:20,930 comes out from the reaction that's what it means now the third is less hazardous 1424 00:37:20,930 --> 00:37:20,940 it means now the third is less hazardous 1425 00:37:20,940 --> 00:37:24,440 it means now the third is less hazardous chemical synthesis wherever practical 1426 00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:24,450 chemical synthesis wherever practical 1427 00:37:24,450 --> 00:37:26,930 chemical synthesis wherever practical synthetic matters should be designed to 1428 00:37:26,930 --> 00:37:26,940 synthetic matters should be designed to 1429 00:37:26,940 --> 00:37:29,870 synthetic matters should be designed to use and generate substances that possess 1430 00:37:29,870 --> 00:37:29,880 use and generate substances that possess 1431 00:37:29,880 --> 00:37:34,160 use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human human 1432 00:37:34,160 --> 00:37:34,170 little or no toxicity to human human 1433 00:37:34,170 --> 00:37:36,680 little or no toxicity to human human health and the environment you see again 1434 00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:36,690 health and the environment you see again 1435 00:37:36,690 --> 00:37:38,930 health and the environment you see again human health and environment 1436 00:37:38,930 --> 00:37:38,940 human health and environment 1437 00:37:38,940 --> 00:37:41,599 human health and environment to protect is important one of the aim 1438 00:37:41,599 --> 00:37:41,609 to protect is important one of the aim 1439 00:37:41,609 --> 00:37:46,339 to protect is important one of the aim of the green chemistry actually now the 1440 00:37:46,339 --> 00:37:46,349 of the green chemistry actually now the 1441 00:37:46,349 --> 00:37:49,870 of the green chemistry actually now the fourth is design of safer chemicals 1442 00:37:49,870 --> 00:37:49,880 fourth is design of safer chemicals 1443 00:37:49,880 --> 00:37:52,400 fourth is design of safer chemicals chemical products should be designed to 1444 00:37:52,400 --> 00:37:52,410 chemical products should be designed to 1445 00:37:52,410 --> 00:37:55,730 chemical products should be designed to minimize toxicity and yet maintain their 1446 00:37:55,730 --> 00:37:55,740 minimize toxicity and yet maintain their 1447 00:37:55,740 --> 00:37:59,120 minimize toxicity and yet maintain their desired function particularly the 1448 00:37:59,120 --> 00:37:59,130 desired function particularly the 1449 00:37:59,130 --> 00:38:02,270 desired function particularly the toxicity is very very important we try 1450 00:38:02,270 --> 00:38:02,280 toxicity is very very important we try 1451 00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:06,309 toxicity is very very important we try to use non-toxic chemicals in our 1452 00:38:06,309 --> 00:38:06,319 to use non-toxic chemicals in our 1453 00:38:06,319 --> 00:38:08,960 to use non-toxic chemicals in our chemical reactions in fact as much as 1454 00:38:08,960 --> 00:38:08,970 chemical reactions in fact as much as 1455 00:38:08,970 --> 00:38:12,109 chemical reactions in fact as much as possible now safer solvents in and 1456 00:38:12,109 --> 00:38:12,119 possible now safer solvents in and 1457 00:38:12,119 --> 00:38:14,480 possible now safer solvents in and auxiliaries the use of the auxilary 1458 00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:14,490 auxiliaries the use of the auxilary 1459 00:38:14,490 --> 00:38:16,819 auxiliaries the use of the auxilary substances should be eliminated wherever 1460 00:38:16,819 --> 00:38:16,829 substances should be eliminated wherever 1461 00:38:16,829 --> 00:38:18,980 substances should be eliminated wherever possible and if used should be as 1462 00:38:18,980 --> 00:38:18,990 possible and if used should be as 1463 00:38:18,990 --> 00:38:22,160 possible and if used should be as non-toxic as possible now sometimes we 1464 00:38:22,160 --> 00:38:22,170 non-toxic as possible now sometimes we 1465 00:38:22,170 --> 00:38:25,520 non-toxic as possible now sometimes we want we have to use the organic solvents 1466 00:38:25,520 --> 00:38:25,530 want we have to use the organic solvents 1467 00:38:25,530 --> 00:38:27,829 want we have to use the organic solvents which are volatile organic solvents they 1468 00:38:27,829 --> 00:38:27,839 which are volatile organic solvents they 1469 00:38:27,839 --> 00:38:30,380 which are volatile organic solvents they are not good at all so instead of using 1470 00:38:30,380 --> 00:38:30,390 are not good at all so instead of using 1471 00:38:30,390 --> 00:38:33,829 are not good at all so instead of using them in fact we can use other solvents 1472 00:38:33,829 --> 00:38:33,839 them in fact we can use other solvents 1473 00:38:33,839 --> 00:38:37,849 them in fact we can use other solvents as we will see for example supercritical 1474 00:38:37,849 --> 00:38:37,859 as we will see for example supercritical 1475 00:38:37,859 --> 00:38:41,000 as we will see for example supercritical carbon dioxide carbon is a very good 1476 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:41,010 carbon dioxide carbon is a very good 1477 00:38:41,010 --> 00:38:43,579 carbon dioxide carbon is a very good solvent for a lot of chemical reactions 1478 00:38:43,579 --> 00:38:43,589 solvent for a lot of chemical reactions 1479 00:38:43,589 --> 00:38:47,329 solvent for a lot of chemical reactions and very safe - as a matter of fact so 1480 00:38:47,329 --> 00:38:47,339 and very safe - as a matter of fact so 1481 00:38:47,339 --> 00:38:49,910 and very safe - as a matter of fact so the sixth one is designed for the energy 1482 00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:49,920 the sixth one is designed for the energy 1483 00:38:49,920 --> 00:38:52,130 the sixth one is designed for the energy efficiency energy requirement should be 1484 00:38:52,130 --> 00:38:52,140 efficiency energy requirement should be 1485 00:38:52,140 --> 00:38:54,799 efficiency energy requirement should be reorganized for their environmental 1486 00:38:54,799 --> 00:38:54,809 reorganized for their environmental 1487 00:38:54,809 --> 00:38:58,430 reorganized for their environmental economic impacts and should be minimized 1488 00:38:58,430 --> 00:38:58,440 economic impacts and should be minimized 1489 00:38:58,440 --> 00:39:01,130 economic impacts and should be minimized for example carry out reactions at room 1490 00:39:01,130 --> 00:39:01,140 for example carry out reactions at room 1491 00:39:01,140 --> 00:39:03,769 for example carry out reactions at room temperature and pressures what this 1492 00:39:03,769 --> 00:39:03,779 temperature and pressures what this 1493 00:39:03,779 --> 00:39:06,109 temperature and pressures what this simply says we have to be very very 1494 00:39:06,109 --> 00:39:06,119 simply says we have to be very very 1495 00:39:06,119 --> 00:39:09,170 simply says we have to be very very conservative in using the energy sources 1496 00:39:09,170 --> 00:39:09,180 conservative in using the energy sources 1497 00:39:09,180 --> 00:39:12,049 conservative in using the energy sources try to use minimal amount of energy 1498 00:39:12,049 --> 00:39:12,059 try to use minimal amount of energy 1499 00:39:12,059 --> 00:39:14,809 try to use minimal amount of energy right if a reaction for example is 1500 00:39:14,809 --> 00:39:14,819 right if a reaction for example is 1501 00:39:14,819 --> 00:39:17,420 right if a reaction for example is taking place at high temperatures we 1502 00:39:17,420 --> 00:39:17,430 taking place at high temperatures we 1503 00:39:17,430 --> 00:39:18,950 taking place at high temperatures we have to use energy to increase the 1504 00:39:18,950 --> 00:39:18,960 have to use energy to increase the 1505 00:39:18,960 --> 00:39:20,660 have to use energy to increase the temperature to there or at high 1506 00:39:20,660 --> 00:39:20,670 temperature to there or at high 1507 00:39:20,670 --> 00:39:23,890 temperature to there or at high pressures also cost energy so we try to 1508 00:39:23,890 --> 00:39:23,900 pressures also cost energy so we try to 1509 00:39:23,900 --> 00:39:27,140 pressures also cost energy so we try to design our reaction such that room 1510 00:39:27,140 --> 00:39:27,150 design our reaction such that room 1511 00:39:27,150 --> 00:39:29,779 design our reaction such that room temperature and normal pressure one 1512 00:39:29,779 --> 00:39:29,789 temperature and normal pressure one 1513 00:39:29,789 --> 00:39:31,490 temperature and normal pressure one atmosphere pressure will be enough for 1514 00:39:31,490 --> 00:39:31,500 atmosphere pressure will be enough for 1515 00:39:31,500 --> 00:39:35,569 atmosphere pressure will be enough for the reaction to take place actually now 1516 00:39:35,569 --> 00:39:35,579 the reaction to take place actually now 1517 00:39:35,579 --> 00:39:39,099 the reaction to take place actually now the seventh one is use of the Renewable 1518 00:39:39,099 --> 00:39:39,109 the seventh one is use of the Renewable 1519 00:39:39,109 --> 00:39:43,970 the seventh one is use of the Renewable renewable feedstocks a raw material 1520 00:39:43,970 --> 00:39:43,980 renewable feedstocks a raw material 1521 00:39:43,980 --> 00:39:46,220 renewable feedstocks a raw material should be renewable whenever technically 1522 00:39:46,220 --> 00:39:46,230 should be renewable whenever technically 1523 00:39:46,230 --> 00:39:49,130 should be renewable whenever technically and economically practical this simply 1524 00:39:49,130 --> 00:39:49,140 and economically practical this simply 1525 00:39:49,140 --> 00:39:52,339 and economically practical this simply says that the reactants that we use 1526 00:39:52,339 --> 00:39:52,349 says that the reactants that we use 1527 00:39:52,349 --> 00:39:54,249 says that the reactants that we use our chemical reactions should be 1528 00:39:54,249 --> 00:39:54,259 our chemical reactions should be 1529 00:39:54,259 --> 00:39:57,529 our chemical reactions should be renewable type reactants renewable type 1530 00:39:57,529 --> 00:39:57,539 renewable type reactants renewable type 1531 00:39:57,539 --> 00:40:01,819 renewable type reactants renewable type reactors now eight reduction of the 1532 00:40:01,819 --> 00:40:01,829 reactors now eight reduction of the 1533 00:40:01,829 --> 00:40:03,349 reactors now eight reduction of the derivatives this is unnecessary 1534 00:40:03,349 --> 00:40:03,359 derivatives this is unnecessary 1535 00:40:03,359 --> 00:40:05,509 derivatives this is unnecessary derivatives a ssin should be minimized 1536 00:40:05,509 --> 00:40:05,519 derivatives a ssin should be minimized 1537 00:40:05,519 --> 00:40:09,109 derivatives a ssin should be minimized or avoided if possible to save reagents 1538 00:40:09,109 --> 00:40:09,119 or avoided if possible to save reagents 1539 00:40:09,119 --> 00:40:11,930 or avoided if possible to save reagents and waste this is again simply if I have 1540 00:40:11,930 --> 00:40:11,940 and waste this is again simply if I have 1541 00:40:11,940 --> 00:40:14,239 and waste this is again simply if I have site products or intermediate products 1542 00:40:14,239 --> 00:40:14,249 site products or intermediate products 1543 00:40:14,249 --> 00:40:16,099 site products or intermediate products and that kind of things we try to reduce 1544 00:40:16,099 --> 00:40:16,109 and that kind of things we try to reduce 1545 00:40:16,109 --> 00:40:18,739 and that kind of things we try to reduce those as a matter of fact and that is 1546 00:40:18,739 --> 00:40:18,749 those as a matter of fact and that is 1547 00:40:18,749 --> 00:40:21,319 those as a matter of fact and that is the reductions of the derivatives 1548 00:40:21,319 --> 00:40:21,329 the reductions of the derivatives 1549 00:40:21,329 --> 00:40:23,150 the reductions of the derivatives anything that we don't want should not 1550 00:40:23,150 --> 00:40:23,160 anything that we don't want should not 1551 00:40:23,160 --> 00:40:24,950 anything that we don't want should not come out in our chemical reactions we 1552 00:40:24,950 --> 00:40:24,960 come out in our chemical reactions we 1553 00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:28,370 come out in our chemical reactions we have to design them accordingly now nine 1554 00:40:28,370 --> 00:40:28,380 have to design them accordingly now nine 1555 00:40:28,380 --> 00:40:30,979 have to design them accordingly now nine we have to use the catalyzed what 1556 00:40:30,979 --> 00:40:30,989 we have to use the catalyzed what 1557 00:40:30,989 --> 00:40:32,989 we have to use the catalyzed what happens when you use a catalyzed than 1558 00:40:32,989 --> 00:40:32,999 happens when you use a catalyzed than 1559 00:40:32,999 --> 00:40:35,479 happens when you use a catalyzed than the time for the reaction to take place 1560 00:40:35,479 --> 00:40:35,489 the time for the reaction to take place 1561 00:40:35,489 --> 00:40:39,130 the time for the reaction to take place decrease and that simply save the energy 1562 00:40:39,130 --> 00:40:39,140 decrease and that simply save the energy 1563 00:40:39,140 --> 00:40:42,019 decrease and that simply save the energy as a matter of fact catalytic reagents 1564 00:40:42,019 --> 00:40:42,029 as a matter of fact catalytic reagents 1565 00:40:42,029 --> 00:40:44,960 as a matter of fact catalytic reagents improve yields within a given time that 1566 00:40:44,960 --> 00:40:44,970 improve yields within a given time that 1567 00:40:44,970 --> 00:40:47,870 improve yields within a given time that means in a shorter time we get a larger 1568 00:40:47,870 --> 00:40:47,880 means in a shorter time we get a larger 1569 00:40:47,880 --> 00:40:50,569 means in a shorter time we get a larger yield and with less energy and are 1570 00:40:50,569 --> 00:40:50,579 yield and with less energy and are 1571 00:40:50,579 --> 00:40:53,420 yield and with less energy and are therefore preferred again the energy 1572 00:40:53,420 --> 00:40:53,430 therefore preferred again the energy 1573 00:40:53,430 --> 00:40:58,910 therefore preferred again the energy conservation they're now nine design for 1574 00:40:58,910 --> 00:40:58,920 conservation they're now nine design for 1575 00:40:58,920 --> 00:41:01,370 conservation they're now nine design for degradation chemical products should be 1576 00:41:01,370 --> 00:41:01,380 degradation chemical products should be 1577 00:41:01,380 --> 00:41:03,859 degradation chemical products should be designed so that the end of their 1578 00:41:03,859 --> 00:41:03,869 designed so that the end of their 1579 00:41:03,869 --> 00:41:07,940 designed so that the end of their functions they break down into innocuous 1580 00:41:07,940 --> 00:41:07,950 functions they break down into innocuous 1581 00:41:07,950 --> 00:41:11,890 functions they break down into innocuous in Norco shoes products and do not 1582 00:41:11,890 --> 00:41:11,900 in Norco shoes products and do not 1583 00:41:11,900 --> 00:41:14,299 in Norco shoes products and do not persist in the environment this word 1584 00:41:14,299 --> 00:41:14,309 persist in the environment this word 1585 00:41:14,309 --> 00:41:19,279 persist in the environment this word means not harmful not harmful so that 1586 00:41:19,279 --> 00:41:19,289 means not harmful not harmful so that 1587 00:41:19,289 --> 00:41:23,380 means not harmful not harmful so that simply means that we try to produce 1588 00:41:23,380 --> 00:41:23,390 simply means that we try to produce 1589 00:41:23,390 --> 00:41:27,559 simply means that we try to produce degradable products that means after we 1590 00:41:27,559 --> 00:41:27,569 degradable products that means after we 1591 00:41:27,569 --> 00:41:29,059 degradable products that means after we use it for a certain time they will 1592 00:41:29,059 --> 00:41:29,069 use it for a certain time they will 1593 00:41:29,069 --> 00:41:32,599 use it for a certain time they will simply decompose and go into the 1594 00:41:32,599 --> 00:41:32,609 simply decompose and go into the 1595 00:41:32,609 --> 00:41:35,019 simply decompose and go into the environment without any side effects and 1596 00:41:35,019 --> 00:41:35,029 environment without any side effects and 1597 00:41:35,029 --> 00:41:37,549 environment without any side effects and eleven real-time analysis for the 1598 00:41:37,549 --> 00:41:37,559 eleven real-time analysis for the 1599 00:41:37,559 --> 00:41:39,769 eleven real-time analysis for the pollution prevention analytical methods 1600 00:41:39,769 --> 00:41:39,779 pollution prevention analytical methods 1601 00:41:39,779 --> 00:41:42,200 pollution prevention analytical methods should be developed to allow for 1602 00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:42,210 should be developed to allow for 1603 00:41:42,210 --> 00:41:44,450 should be developed to allow for real-time monitoring and control prior 1604 00:41:44,450 --> 00:41:44,460 real-time monitoring and control prior 1605 00:41:44,460 --> 00:41:46,430 real-time monitoring and control prior to the formations of hazardous 1606 00:41:46,430 --> 00:41:46,440 to the formations of hazardous 1607 00:41:46,440 --> 00:41:50,870 to the formations of hazardous substances this is again similar to like 1608 00:41:50,870 --> 00:41:50,880 substances this is again similar to like 1609 00:41:50,880 --> 00:41:52,880 substances this is again similar to like not having the waste 1610 00:41:52,880 --> 00:41:52,890 not having the waste 1611 00:41:52,890 --> 00:41:55,009 not having the waste rather than cleaning and up after we 1612 00:41:55,009 --> 00:41:55,019 rather than cleaning and up after we 1613 00:41:55,019 --> 00:41:57,259 rather than cleaning and up after we produce it and in this case it says that 1614 00:41:57,259 --> 00:41:57,269 produce it and in this case it says that 1615 00:41:57,269 --> 00:42:00,410 produce it and in this case it says that if we can control our chemical reactions 1616 00:42:00,410 --> 00:42:00,420 if we can control our chemical reactions 1617 00:42:00,420 --> 00:42:03,319 if we can control our chemical reactions as it goes monitor the reactions as soon 1618 00:42:03,319 --> 00:42:03,329 as it goes monitor the reactions as soon 1619 00:42:03,329 --> 00:42:05,690 as it goes monitor the reactions as soon as we realize that 1620 00:42:05,690 --> 00:42:05,700 as we realize that 1621 00:42:05,700 --> 00:42:07,880 as we realize that some unwanted things are happening we 1622 00:42:07,880 --> 00:42:07,890 some unwanted things are happening we 1623 00:42:07,890 --> 00:42:09,410 some unwanted things are happening we should just prevent it right there at 1624 00:42:09,410 --> 00:42:09,420 should just prevent it right there at 1625 00:42:09,420 --> 00:42:12,920 should just prevent it right there at that time now the last one is inherently 1626 00:42:12,920 --> 00:42:12,930 that time now the last one is inherently 1627 00:42:12,930 --> 00:42:15,560 that time now the last one is inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention 1628 00:42:15,560 --> 00:42:15,570 safer chemistry for accident prevention 1629 00:42:15,570 --> 00:42:19,550 safer chemistry for accident prevention this is certainly good things in fact 1630 00:42:19,550 --> 00:42:19,560 this is certainly good things in fact 1631 00:42:19,560 --> 00:42:22,160 this is certainly good things in fact reagents and solvent use in a chemical 1632 00:42:22,160 --> 00:42:22,170 reagents and solvent use in a chemical 1633 00:42:22,170 --> 00:42:24,860 reagents and solvent use in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the 1634 00:42:24,860 --> 00:42:24,870 process should be chosen to minimize the 1635 00:42:24,870 --> 00:42:27,650 process should be chosen to minimize the potential for chemical accidents for 1636 00:42:27,650 --> 00:42:27,660 potential for chemical accidents for 1637 00:42:27,660 --> 00:42:30,430 potential for chemical accidents for chemical accidents so these are the 1638 00:42:30,430 --> 00:42:30,440 chemical accidents so these are the 1639 00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:34,190 chemical accidents so these are the principles of the green chemistry here 1640 00:42:34,190 --> 00:42:34,200 principles of the green chemistry here 1641 00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:37,040 principles of the green chemistry here are three examples for example the 1642 00:42:37,040 --> 00:42:37,050 are three examples for example the 1643 00:42:37,050 --> 00:42:39,620 are three examples for example the preparation of styrene styrene is a 1644 00:42:39,620 --> 00:42:39,630 preparation of styrene styrene is a 1645 00:42:39,630 --> 00:42:42,920 preparation of styrene styrene is a monomer for polystyrene it's a polymer 1646 00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:42,930 monomer for polystyrene it's a polymer 1647 00:42:42,930 --> 00:42:46,180 monomer for polystyrene it's a polymer actually and all these styrofoam's 1648 00:42:46,180 --> 00:42:46,190 actually and all these styrofoam's 1649 00:42:46,190 --> 00:42:51,260 actually and all these styrofoam's are made from these polystyrene and a 1650 00:42:51,260 --> 00:42:51,270 are made from these polystyrene and a 1651 00:42:51,270 --> 00:42:53,660 are made from these polystyrene and a huge amount of that polystyrene is 1652 00:42:53,660 --> 00:42:53,670 huge amount of that polystyrene is 1653 00:42:53,670 --> 00:42:55,940 huge amount of that polystyrene is produced and to make the polar styrene 1654 00:42:55,940 --> 00:42:55,950 produced and to make the polar styrene 1655 00:42:55,950 --> 00:42:59,180 produced and to make the polar styrene we meet the monomer styrene and here we 1656 00:42:59,180 --> 00:42:59,190 we meet the monomer styrene and here we 1657 00:42:59,190 --> 00:43:01,910 we meet the monomer styrene and here we see the productions of styrene in one 1658 00:43:01,910 --> 00:43:01,920 see the productions of styrene in one 1659 00:43:01,920 --> 00:43:05,240 see the productions of styrene in one step actually this is a green chemistry 1660 00:43:05,240 --> 00:43:05,250 step actually this is a green chemistry 1661 00:43:05,250 --> 00:43:07,730 step actually this is a green chemistry step in a previous step which is present 1662 00:43:07,730 --> 00:43:07,740 step in a previous step which is present 1663 00:43:07,740 --> 00:43:09,140 step in a previous step which is present in the book it uses three different 1664 00:43:09,140 --> 00:43:09,150 in the book it uses three different 1665 00:43:09,150 --> 00:43:12,350 in the book it uses three different steps instead of three steps in one step 1666 00:43:12,350 --> 00:43:12,360 steps instead of three steps in one step 1667 00:43:12,360 --> 00:43:16,010 steps instead of three steps in one step we produce the styrene and this is again 1668 00:43:16,010 --> 00:43:16,020 we produce the styrene and this is again 1669 00:43:16,020 --> 00:43:20,270 we produce the styrene and this is again what the green chemistry does as a 1670 00:43:20,270 --> 00:43:20,280 what the green chemistry does as a 1671 00:43:20,280 --> 00:43:23,380 what the green chemistry does as a matter of fact now replacing 1672 00:43:23,380 --> 00:43:23,390 matter of fact now replacing 1673 00:43:23,390 --> 00:43:25,490 matter of fact now replacing chlorofluorocarbon solvents with liquid 1674 00:43:25,490 --> 00:43:25,500 chlorofluorocarbon solvents with liquid 1675 00:43:25,500 --> 00:43:28,160 chlorofluorocarbon solvents with liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide remember 1676 00:43:28,160 --> 00:43:28,170 or supercritical carbon dioxide remember 1677 00:43:28,170 --> 00:43:29,990 or supercritical carbon dioxide remember the supercritical carbon dioxide above 1678 00:43:29,990 --> 00:43:30,000 the supercritical carbon dioxide above 1679 00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:32,150 the supercritical carbon dioxide above the critical temperature and it is 1680 00:43:32,150 --> 00:43:32,160 the critical temperature and it is 1681 00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:34,760 the critical temperature and it is between the gas and the liquid sort of 1682 00:43:34,760 --> 00:43:34,770 between the gas and the liquid sort of 1683 00:43:34,770 --> 00:43:36,950 between the gas and the liquid sort of and we can use those carbon dioxide to 1684 00:43:36,950 --> 00:43:36,960 and we can use those carbon dioxide to 1685 00:43:36,960 --> 00:43:38,420 and we can use those carbon dioxide to breathe a lot of things actually 1686 00:43:38,420 --> 00:43:38,430 breathe a lot of things actually 1687 00:43:38,430 --> 00:43:45,380 breathe a lot of things actually for example the caffeine free coffee is 1688 00:43:45,380 --> 00:43:45,390 for example the caffeine free coffee is 1689 00:43:45,390 --> 00:43:48,140 for example the caffeine free coffee is produced by using this supercritical 1690 00:43:48,140 --> 00:43:48,150 produced by using this supercritical 1691 00:43:48,150 --> 00:43:53,450 produced by using this supercritical carbon dioxide yes Cafe cafe in free 1692 00:43:53,450 --> 00:43:53,460 carbon dioxide yes Cafe cafe in free 1693 00:43:53,460 --> 00:43:58,090 carbon dioxide yes Cafe cafe in free coffee yes now this is another example 1694 00:43:58,090 --> 00:43:58,100 coffee yes now this is another example 1695 00:43:58,100 --> 00:44:00,530 coffee yes now this is another example hydroquinone production by a new method 1696 00:44:00,530 --> 00:44:00,540 hydroquinone production by a new method 1697 00:44:00,540 --> 00:44:04,130 hydroquinone production by a new method that recycles byproducts again we have 1698 00:44:04,130 --> 00:44:04,140 that recycles byproducts again we have 1699 00:44:04,140 --> 00:44:06,020 that recycles byproducts again we have this is one step this is the second step 1700 00:44:06,020 --> 00:44:06,030 this is one step this is the second step 1701 00:44:06,030 --> 00:44:09,830 this is one step this is the second step but the nice things with this process is 1702 00:44:09,830 --> 00:44:09,840 but the nice things with this process is 1703 00:44:09,840 --> 00:44:12,140 but the nice things with this process is here we have a side product here we have 1704 00:44:12,140 --> 00:44:12,150 here we have a side product here we have 1705 00:44:12,150 --> 00:44:14,030 here we have a side product here we have another side product in two steps these 1706 00:44:14,030 --> 00:44:14,040 another side product in two steps these 1707 00:44:14,040 --> 00:44:16,190 another side product in two steps these two side brought products can be 1708 00:44:16,190 --> 00:44:16,200 two side brought products can be 1709 00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:17,980 two side brought products can be combined to obtain the 1710 00:44:17,980 --> 00:44:17,990 combined to obtain the 1711 00:44:17,990 --> 00:44:21,750 combined to obtain the reactance again right so that's what the 1712 00:44:21,750 --> 00:44:21,760 reactance again right so that's what the 1713 00:44:21,760 --> 00:44:25,450 reactance again right so that's what the energy-saving and atom economy would 1714 00:44:25,450 --> 00:44:25,460 energy-saving and atom economy would 1715 00:44:25,460 --> 00:44:28,840 energy-saving and atom economy would whatever their say we try to reduce the 1716 00:44:28,840 --> 00:44:28,850 whatever their say we try to reduce the 1717 00:44:28,850 --> 00:44:32,130 whatever their say we try to reduce the side products as much as possible again 1718 00:44:32,130 --> 00:44:32,140 side products as much as possible again 1719 00:44:32,140 --> 00:44:41,980 side products as much as possible again okay like Oh time is over