1 00:00:13,059 --> 00:00:18,310 okay good afternoon let's start remember 2 00:00:18,310 --> 00:00:18,320 okay good afternoon let's start remember 3 00:00:18,320 --> 00:00:22,900 okay good afternoon let's start remember last time we have just finished chapter 4 00:00:22,900 --> 00:00:22,910 last time we have just finished chapter 5 00:00:22,910 --> 00:00:26,830 last time we have just finished chapter eight and today we will start chapter 6 00:00:26,830 --> 00:00:26,840 eight and today we will start chapter 7 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:30,220 eight and today we will start chapter nine but before we simply start chapter 8 00:00:30,220 --> 00:00:30,230 nine but before we simply start chapter 9 00:00:30,230 --> 00:00:33,400 nine but before we simply start chapter nine I would like to say a few things 10 00:00:33,400 --> 00:00:33,410 nine I would like to say a few things 11 00:00:33,410 --> 00:00:37,960 nine I would like to say a few things about the formal charge and the 12 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:37,970 about the formal charge and the 13 00:00:37,970 --> 00:00:41,319 about the formal charge and the oxidation number of the atoms in a 14 00:00:41,319 --> 00:00:41,329 oxidation number of the atoms in a 15 00:00:41,329 --> 00:00:51,640 oxidation number of the atoms in a molecule so formal charge and oxidation 16 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:51,650 molecule so formal charge and oxidation 17 00:00:51,650 --> 00:01:08,730 molecule so formal charge and oxidation number now we know how to excuse me I 18 00:01:08,730 --> 00:01:08,740 number now we know how to excuse me I 19 00:01:08,740 --> 00:01:12,370 number now we know how to excuse me I guess I mean we know how to assign the 20 00:01:12,370 --> 00:01:12,380 guess I mean we know how to assign the 21 00:01:12,380 --> 00:01:20,940 guess I mean we know how to assign the formal charge from the Lewis structure 22 00:01:20,940 --> 00:01:20,950 23 00:01:20,950 --> 00:01:25,179 if you simply know the Lewis structure 24 00:01:25,179 --> 00:01:25,189 if you simply know the Lewis structure 25 00:01:25,189 --> 00:01:27,789 if you simply know the Lewis structure of the molecule we can assign the formal 26 00:01:27,789 --> 00:01:27,799 of the molecule we can assign the formal 27 00:01:27,799 --> 00:01:31,749 of the molecule we can assign the formal charges to the atoms let's take for 28 00:01:31,749 --> 00:01:31,759 charges to the atoms let's take for 29 00:01:31,759 --> 00:01:37,359 charges to the atoms let's take for example water the Lewis structure of 30 00:01:37,359 --> 00:01:37,369 example water the Lewis structure of 31 00:01:37,369 --> 00:01:41,830 example water the Lewis structure of water molecule is like this and then the 32 00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:41,840 water molecule is like this and then the 33 00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:46,709 water molecule is like this and then the formal charge is simply found by 34 00:01:46,709 --> 00:01:46,719 formal charge is simply found by 35 00:01:46,719 --> 00:01:49,300 formal charge is simply found by counting the number of electrons belong 36 00:01:49,300 --> 00:01:49,310 counting the number of electrons belong 37 00:01:49,310 --> 00:02:11,560 counting the number of electrons belong to each atom in a molecule I need water 38 00:02:11,560 --> 00:02:11,570 39 00:02:11,570 --> 00:02:17,540 so when we assign the formal charge as I 40 00:02:17,540 --> 00:02:17,550 so when we assign the formal charge as I 41 00:02:17,550 --> 00:02:20,960 so when we assign the formal charge as I said we simply find out how many valence 42 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:20,970 said we simply find out how many valence 43 00:02:20,970 --> 00:02:23,810 said we simply find out how many valence electrons an anthem has in the molecule 44 00:02:23,810 --> 00:02:23,820 electrons an anthem has in the molecule 45 00:02:23,820 --> 00:02:26,030 electrons an anthem has in the molecule now as we count the number of valence 46 00:02:26,030 --> 00:02:26,040 now as we count the number of valence 47 00:02:26,040 --> 00:02:28,550 now as we count the number of valence electrons remember last time as we said 48 00:02:28,550 --> 00:02:28,560 electrons remember last time as we said 49 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:31,280 electrons remember last time as we said the shared electrons are assumed to be 50 00:02:31,280 --> 00:02:31,290 the shared electrons are assumed to be 51 00:02:31,290 --> 00:02:33,950 the shared electrons are assumed to be equally shared between the atoms in a 52 00:02:33,950 --> 00:02:33,960 equally shared between the atoms in a 53 00:02:33,960 --> 00:02:37,910 equally shared between the atoms in a bond so this way in fact if the number 54 00:02:37,910 --> 00:02:37,920 bond so this way in fact if the number 55 00:02:37,920 --> 00:02:40,490 bond so this way in fact if the number of valence electrons belongs to the atom 56 00:02:40,490 --> 00:02:40,500 of valence electrons belongs to the atom 57 00:02:40,500 --> 00:02:43,280 of valence electrons belongs to the atom is less than it is valence electrons at 58 00:02:43,280 --> 00:02:43,290 is less than it is valence electrons at 59 00:02:43,290 --> 00:02:45,770 is less than it is valence electrons at neutral state then the oxidation number 60 00:02:45,770 --> 00:02:45,780 neutral state then the oxidation number 61 00:02:45,780 --> 00:02:48,290 neutral state then the oxidation number becomes plus if it is more than the 62 00:02:48,290 --> 00:02:48,300 becomes plus if it is more than the 63 00:02:48,300 --> 00:02:51,770 becomes plus if it is more than the oxidation number becomes simply minus so 64 00:02:51,770 --> 00:02:51,780 oxidation number becomes simply minus so 65 00:02:51,780 --> 00:02:55,360 oxidation number becomes simply minus so for the oxygen for example in this case 66 00:02:55,360 --> 00:02:55,370 for the oxygen for example in this case 67 00:02:55,370 --> 00:02:59,330 for the oxygen for example in this case we have two four and one electron from 68 00:02:59,330 --> 00:02:59,340 we have two four and one electron from 69 00:02:59,340 --> 00:03:03,110 we have two four and one electron from here one from there six electrons as a 70 00:03:03,110 --> 00:03:03,120 here one from there six electrons as a 71 00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:06,650 here one from there six electrons as a matter of fact and that simply means 72 00:03:06,650 --> 00:03:06,660 matter of fact and that simply means 73 00:03:06,660 --> 00:03:09,890 matter of fact and that simply means that the oxidation a formal charge on 74 00:03:09,890 --> 00:03:09,900 that the oxidation a formal charge on 75 00:03:09,900 --> 00:03:13,729 that the oxidation a formal charge on the oxygen here is zero right 76 00:03:13,729 --> 00:03:13,739 the oxygen here is zero right 77 00:03:13,739 --> 00:03:18,199 the oxygen here is zero right normally the number of valence electrons 78 00:03:18,199 --> 00:03:18,209 normally the number of valence electrons 79 00:03:18,209 --> 00:03:21,949 normally the number of valence electrons on a neutral oxygen atom is six so here 80 00:03:21,949 --> 00:03:21,959 on a neutral oxygen atom is six so here 81 00:03:21,959 --> 00:03:24,860 on a neutral oxygen atom is six so here we also have six electrons in the 82 00:03:24,860 --> 00:03:24,870 we also have six electrons in the 83 00:03:24,870 --> 00:03:27,020 we also have six electrons in the molecule which belongs to the oxygen 84 00:03:27,020 --> 00:03:27,030 molecule which belongs to the oxygen 85 00:03:27,030 --> 00:03:30,020 molecule which belongs to the oxygen again assuming that the shared electrons 86 00:03:30,020 --> 00:03:30,030 again assuming that the shared electrons 87 00:03:30,030 --> 00:03:32,780 again assuming that the shared electrons are equally shared and that becomes zero 88 00:03:32,780 --> 00:03:32,790 are equally shared and that becomes zero 89 00:03:32,790 --> 00:03:35,960 are equally shared and that becomes zero and for the hydrogen case again one 90 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:35,970 and for the hydrogen case again one 91 00:03:35,970 --> 00:03:39,740 and for the hydrogen case again one electron from out of these two electrons 92 00:03:39,740 --> 00:03:39,750 electron from out of these two electrons 93 00:03:39,750 --> 00:03:41,540 electron from out of these two electrons shared electron one belongs to the 94 00:03:41,540 --> 00:03:41,550 shared electron one belongs to the 95 00:03:41,550 --> 00:03:43,610 shared electron one belongs to the hydrogen that means the hydrogen atoms 96 00:03:43,610 --> 00:03:43,620 hydrogen that means the hydrogen atoms 97 00:03:43,620 --> 00:03:45,770 hydrogen that means the hydrogen atoms has one valence electrons 98 00:03:45,770 --> 00:03:45,780 has one valence electrons 99 00:03:45,780 --> 00:03:47,810 has one valence electrons normally hydrogen atom has one valence 100 00:03:47,810 --> 00:03:47,820 normally hydrogen atom has one valence 101 00:03:47,820 --> 00:03:51,350 normally hydrogen atom has one valence electrons at zero state right neutral 102 00:03:51,350 --> 00:03:51,360 electrons at zero state right neutral 103 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:55,370 electrons at zero state right neutral case so the oxidation the the formal 104 00:03:55,370 --> 00:03:55,380 case so the oxidation the the formal 105 00:03:55,380 --> 00:03:57,920 case so the oxidation the the formal charge on the hydrogen is zero the 106 00:03:57,920 --> 00:03:57,930 charge on the hydrogen is zero the 107 00:03:57,930 --> 00:03:59,890 charge on the hydrogen is zero the formal charge on this hydrogen is also 108 00:03:59,890 --> 00:03:59,900 formal charge on this hydrogen is also 109 00:03:59,900 --> 00:04:03,640 formal charge on this hydrogen is also zero like this now if I simply 110 00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:03,650 zero like this now if I simply 111 00:04:03,650 --> 00:04:08,530 zero like this now if I simply considered for example hydrogen peroxide 112 00:04:08,530 --> 00:04:08,540 considered for example hydrogen peroxide 113 00:04:08,540 --> 00:04:12,140 considered for example hydrogen peroxide right hydrogen peroxide and write down 114 00:04:12,140 --> 00:04:12,150 right hydrogen peroxide and write down 115 00:04:12,150 --> 00:04:13,970 right hydrogen peroxide and write down the lewis structure for hydrogen 116 00:04:13,970 --> 00:04:13,980 the lewis structure for hydrogen 117 00:04:13,980 --> 00:04:17,330 the lewis structure for hydrogen peroxide we have the oxygen bonded to 118 00:04:17,330 --> 00:04:17,340 peroxide we have the oxygen bonded to 119 00:04:17,340 --> 00:04:18,740 peroxide we have the oxygen bonded to the oxygen again we have 120 00:04:18,740 --> 00:04:18,750 the oxygen again we have 121 00:04:18,750 --> 00:04:20,990 the oxygen again we have no the skeletal structure of the 122 00:04:20,990 --> 00:04:21,000 no the skeletal structure of the 123 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:24,260 no the skeletal structure of the molecule to put the higher the atoms in 124 00:04:24,260 --> 00:04:24,270 molecule to put the higher the atoms in 125 00:04:24,270 --> 00:04:27,020 molecule to put the higher the atoms in the right place and two oxygens are 126 00:04:27,020 --> 00:04:27,030 the right place and two oxygens are 127 00:04:27,030 --> 00:04:29,180 the right place and two oxygens are bonded together like this and then we 128 00:04:29,180 --> 00:04:29,190 bonded together like this and then we 129 00:04:29,190 --> 00:04:31,760 bonded together like this and then we have another hydrogen here bonded to 130 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:31,770 have another hydrogen here bonded to 131 00:04:31,770 --> 00:04:34,250 have another hydrogen here bonded to this and another one over here like this 132 00:04:34,250 --> 00:04:34,260 this and another one over here like this 133 00:04:34,260 --> 00:04:35,210 this and another one over here like this now 134 00:04:35,210 --> 00:04:35,220 now 135 00:04:35,220 --> 00:04:38,210 now how many valence electrons again for the 136 00:04:38,210 --> 00:04:38,220 how many valence electrons again for the 137 00:04:38,220 --> 00:04:41,180 how many valence electrons again for the hydrogen peroxide molecule we have two 138 00:04:41,180 --> 00:04:41,190 hydrogen peroxide molecule we have two 139 00:04:41,190 --> 00:04:45,290 hydrogen peroxide molecule we have two from hydrogen's and twelve from the 140 00:04:45,290 --> 00:04:45,300 from hydrogen's and twelve from the 141 00:04:45,300 --> 00:04:49,010 from hydrogen's and twelve from the oxygens this makes 14 electrons now then 142 00:04:49,010 --> 00:04:49,020 oxygens this makes 14 electrons now then 143 00:04:49,020 --> 00:04:51,680 oxygens this makes 14 electrons now then I can simply fill out how many electrons 144 00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:51,690 I can simply fill out how many electrons 145 00:04:51,690 --> 00:04:54,440 I can simply fill out how many electrons are used here two four six and eight 146 00:04:54,440 --> 00:04:54,450 are used here two four six and eight 147 00:04:54,450 --> 00:04:57,800 are used here two four six and eight more electrons I can put up here to make 148 00:04:57,800 --> 00:04:57,810 more electrons I can put up here to make 149 00:04:57,810 --> 00:05:01,210 more electrons I can put up here to make eight electrons around each atom 150 00:05:01,210 --> 00:05:01,220 eight electrons around each atom 151 00:05:01,220 --> 00:05:04,400 eight electrons around each atom particularly in this case oxygen because 152 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:04,410 particularly in this case oxygen because 153 00:05:04,410 --> 00:05:06,170 particularly in this case oxygen because remember they when you have an hydrogen 154 00:05:06,170 --> 00:05:06,180 remember they when you have an hydrogen 155 00:05:06,180 --> 00:05:08,180 remember they when you have an hydrogen you can only put two electrons around 156 00:05:08,180 --> 00:05:08,190 you can only put two electrons around 157 00:05:08,190 --> 00:05:13,940 you can only put two electrons around the hydrogen so this is simply the lewis 158 00:05:13,940 --> 00:05:13,950 the hydrogen so this is simply the lewis 159 00:05:13,950 --> 00:05:18,290 the hydrogen so this is simply the lewis structure for the hydrogen peroxide okay 160 00:05:18,290 --> 00:05:18,300 structure for the hydrogen peroxide okay 161 00:05:18,300 --> 00:05:20,620 structure for the hydrogen peroxide okay let's try to find out the formal charges 162 00:05:20,620 --> 00:05:20,630 let's try to find out the formal charges 163 00:05:20,630 --> 00:05:24,770 let's try to find out the formal charges now the formal charge again would be as 164 00:05:24,770 --> 00:05:24,780 now the formal charge again would be as 165 00:05:24,780 --> 00:05:28,640 now the formal charge again would be as follow two four one from there and one 166 00:05:28,640 --> 00:05:28,650 follow two four one from there and one 167 00:05:28,650 --> 00:05:32,060 follow two four one from there and one from here that is simply six and the 168 00:05:32,060 --> 00:05:32,070 from here that is simply six and the 169 00:05:32,070 --> 00:05:35,030 from here that is simply six and the formal charge on this oxygen is zero and 170 00:05:35,030 --> 00:05:35,040 formal charge on this oxygen is zero and 171 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:37,760 formal charge on this oxygen is zero and here is also six electrons around the 172 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:37,770 here is also six electrons around the 173 00:05:37,770 --> 00:05:40,550 here is also six electrons around the oxygen valence electrons and that makes 174 00:05:40,550 --> 00:05:40,560 oxygen valence electrons and that makes 175 00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:44,300 oxygen valence electrons and that makes also zero formal charge for this oxygen 176 00:05:44,300 --> 00:05:44,310 also zero formal charge for this oxygen 177 00:05:44,310 --> 00:05:47,240 also zero formal charge for this oxygen and zero formal charge for the 178 00:05:47,240 --> 00:05:47,250 and zero formal charge for the 179 00:05:47,250 --> 00:05:50,780 and zero formal charge for the hydrogen's again like this now let's 180 00:05:50,780 --> 00:05:50,790 hydrogen's again like this now let's 181 00:05:50,790 --> 00:05:54,550 hydrogen's again like this now let's consider another example if I take 182 00:05:54,550 --> 00:05:54,560 consider another example if I take 183 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:59,570 consider another example if I take nitrate ion right as an ion and find out 184 00:05:59,570 --> 00:05:59,580 nitrate ion right as an ion and find out 185 00:05:59,580 --> 00:06:01,430 nitrate ion right as an ion and find out the Lewis structure write down the Lewis 186 00:06:01,430 --> 00:06:01,440 the Lewis structure write down the Lewis 187 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:04,909 the Lewis structure write down the Lewis structure and first we simply write down 188 00:06:04,909 --> 00:06:04,919 structure and first we simply write down 189 00:06:04,919 --> 00:06:07,820 structure and first we simply write down the skeletal structure skeletal 190 00:06:07,820 --> 00:06:07,830 the skeletal structure skeletal 191 00:06:07,830 --> 00:06:09,680 the skeletal structure skeletal structure is nitrogen is in the center 192 00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:09,690 structure is nitrogen is in the center 193 00:06:09,690 --> 00:06:12,140 structure is nitrogen is in the center and the oxygens are bonded to this 194 00:06:12,140 --> 00:06:12,150 and the oxygens are bonded to this 195 00:06:12,150 --> 00:06:15,350 and the oxygens are bonded to this central nitrogen like this in this 196 00:06:15,350 --> 00:06:15,360 central nitrogen like this in this 197 00:06:15,360 --> 00:06:17,480 central nitrogen like this in this fashion then we have to find out the 198 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:17,490 fashion then we have to find out the 199 00:06:17,490 --> 00:06:19,280 fashion then we have to find out the number of valence electrons that we will 200 00:06:19,280 --> 00:06:19,290 number of valence electrons that we will 201 00:06:19,290 --> 00:06:21,950 number of valence electrons that we will we can use as we make the Lewis 202 00:06:21,950 --> 00:06:21,960 we can use as we make the Lewis 203 00:06:21,960 --> 00:06:25,310 we can use as we make the Lewis structures and five valence electrons 204 00:06:25,310 --> 00:06:25,320 structures and five valence electrons 205 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:28,370 structures and five valence electrons from the nitrogen and six from each 206 00:06:28,370 --> 00:06:28,380 from the nitrogen and six from each 207 00:06:28,380 --> 00:06:31,999 from the nitrogen and six from each oxygen six times three 208 00:06:31,999 --> 00:06:32,009 oxygen six times three 209 00:06:32,009 --> 00:06:36,109 oxygen six times three eighteen plus one minus charge means one 210 00:06:36,109 --> 00:06:36,119 eighteen plus one minus charge means one 211 00:06:36,119 --> 00:06:39,079 eighteen plus one minus charge means one electron so I have to add that there too 212 00:06:39,079 --> 00:06:39,089 electron so I have to add that there too 213 00:06:39,089 --> 00:06:45,969 electron so I have to add that there too and as a result here I have simply 18 214 00:06:45,969 --> 00:06:45,979 and as a result here I have simply 18 215 00:06:45,979 --> 00:06:52,429 and as a result here I have simply 18 electron and then 23 24 electrons 24 216 00:06:52,429 --> 00:06:52,439 electron and then 23 24 electrons 24 217 00:06:52,439 --> 00:06:55,159 electron and then 23 24 electrons 24 lectrons so if I simply put the 218 00:06:55,159 --> 00:06:55,169 lectrons so if I simply put the 219 00:06:55,169 --> 00:06:57,649 lectrons so if I simply put the electrons around the atoms such that 220 00:06:57,649 --> 00:06:57,659 electrons around the atoms such that 221 00:06:57,659 --> 00:07:00,709 electrons around the atoms such that eight electron Iran each and we can 222 00:07:00,709 --> 00:07:00,719 eight electron Iran each and we can 223 00:07:00,719 --> 00:07:06,579 eight electron Iran each and we can simply make it again as follow like this 224 00:07:06,579 --> 00:07:06,589 225 00:07:06,589 --> 00:07:10,730 remember we put electron pairs around 226 00:07:10,730 --> 00:07:10,740 remember we put electron pairs around 227 00:07:10,740 --> 00:07:14,540 remember we put electron pairs around the terminal atoms not the central 228 00:07:14,540 --> 00:07:14,550 the terminal atoms not the central 229 00:07:14,550 --> 00:07:16,939 the terminal atoms not the central terminal atoms to make eight electrons 230 00:07:16,939 --> 00:07:16,949 terminal atoms to make eight electrons 231 00:07:16,949 --> 00:07:20,269 terminal atoms to make eight electrons around each and now if you count the 232 00:07:20,269 --> 00:07:20,279 around each and now if you count the 233 00:07:20,279 --> 00:07:22,909 around each and now if you count the number of electrons this makes 24 24 234 00:07:22,909 --> 00:07:22,919 number of electrons this makes 24 24 235 00:07:22,919 --> 00:07:23,540 number of electrons this makes 24 24 lectrons 236 00:07:23,540 --> 00:07:23,550 lectrons 237 00:07:23,550 --> 00:07:26,179 lectrons but the nitrogen has six electrons 238 00:07:26,179 --> 00:07:26,189 but the nitrogen has six electrons 239 00:07:26,189 --> 00:07:29,570 but the nitrogen has six electrons instead of eight so what we do we make a 240 00:07:29,570 --> 00:07:29,580 instead of eight so what we do we make a 241 00:07:29,580 --> 00:07:34,730 instead of eight so what we do we make a double bond here and simply two lone 242 00:07:34,730 --> 00:07:34,740 double bond here and simply two lone 243 00:07:34,740 --> 00:07:37,189 double bond here and simply two lone pairs leave here on this oxygen two lone 244 00:07:37,189 --> 00:07:37,199 pairs leave here on this oxygen two lone 245 00:07:37,199 --> 00:07:41,869 pairs leave here on this oxygen two lone pairs and this simply continues again 246 00:07:41,869 --> 00:07:41,879 pairs and this simply continues again 247 00:07:41,879 --> 00:07:44,689 pairs and this simply continues again remember we have the resonance form this 248 00:07:44,689 --> 00:07:44,699 remember we have the resonance form this 249 00:07:44,699 --> 00:07:48,799 remember we have the resonance form this bond may be here may be there and so on 250 00:07:48,799 --> 00:07:48,809 bond may be here may be there and so on 251 00:07:48,809 --> 00:07:53,719 bond may be here may be there and so on now let's find out the formal charge the 252 00:07:53,719 --> 00:07:53,729 now let's find out the formal charge the 253 00:07:53,729 --> 00:07:59,149 now let's find out the formal charge the formal charge on this oxygen is two four 254 00:07:59,149 --> 00:07:59,159 formal charge on this oxygen is two four 255 00:07:59,159 --> 00:08:01,579 formal charge on this oxygen is two four six and one electron from there minus 256 00:08:01,579 --> 00:08:01,589 six and one electron from there minus 257 00:08:01,589 --> 00:08:05,480 six and one electron from there minus one and formal charge for this oxygen is 258 00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:05,490 one and formal charge for this oxygen is 259 00:08:05,490 --> 00:08:09,230 one and formal charge for this oxygen is also minus 1 here and the formal charge 260 00:08:09,230 --> 00:08:09,240 also minus 1 here and the formal charge 261 00:08:09,240 --> 00:08:13,730 also minus 1 here and the formal charge for this oxygen zero like this and the 262 00:08:13,730 --> 00:08:13,740 for this oxygen zero like this and the 263 00:08:13,740 --> 00:08:18,409 for this oxygen zero like this and the formal charge and the nitrogen again one 264 00:08:18,409 --> 00:08:18,419 formal charge and the nitrogen again one 265 00:08:18,419 --> 00:08:21,199 formal charge and the nitrogen again one electron from there two from their 3-1 266 00:08:21,199 --> 00:08:21,209 electron from there two from their 3-1 267 00:08:21,209 --> 00:08:23,600 electron from there two from their 3-1 from therefore normally has to be 5 268 00:08:23,600 --> 00:08:23,610 from therefore normally has to be 5 269 00:08:23,610 --> 00:08:25,519 from therefore normally has to be 5 therefore the formal charge on the 270 00:08:25,519 --> 00:08:25,529 therefore the formal charge on the 271 00:08:25,529 --> 00:08:30,350 therefore the formal charge on the nitrogen is +1 now this is again one of 272 00:08:30,350 --> 00:08:30,360 nitrogen is +1 now this is again one of 273 00:08:30,360 --> 00:08:31,969 nitrogen is +1 now this is again one of the resonance form remember there are 274 00:08:31,969 --> 00:08:31,979 the resonance form remember there are 275 00:08:31,979 --> 00:08:34,519 the resonance form remember there are two more resonance forms for the nitrate 276 00:08:34,519 --> 00:08:34,529 two more resonance forms for the nitrate 277 00:08:34,529 --> 00:08:37,459 two more resonance forms for the nitrate ion the Lewis structure and the formal 278 00:08:37,459 --> 00:08:37,469 ion the Lewis structure and the formal 279 00:08:37,469 --> 00:08:37,819 ion the Lewis structure and the formal charges 280 00:08:37,819 --> 00:08:37,829 charges 281 00:08:37,829 --> 00:08:41,990 charges remember when we add up all formal 282 00:08:41,990 --> 00:08:42,000 remember when we add up all formal 283 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:45,740 remember when we add up all formal charges on each atom in a molecule 284 00:08:45,740 --> 00:08:45,750 charges on each atom in a molecule 285 00:08:45,750 --> 00:08:47,750 charges on each atom in a molecule net charge must be equal to the overall 286 00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:47,760 net charge must be equal to the overall 287 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:50,480 net charge must be equal to the overall charge on the molecule or on the iron 288 00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:50,490 charge on the molecule or on the iron 289 00:08:50,490 --> 00:08:53,600 charge on the molecule or on the iron again the net charge on the ion here is 290 00:08:53,600 --> 00:08:53,610 again the net charge on the ion here is 291 00:08:53,610 --> 00:08:56,600 again the net charge on the ion here is minus one nitrate ion and if you add the 292 00:08:56,600 --> 00:08:56,610 minus one nitrate ion and if you add the 293 00:08:56,610 --> 00:08:59,780 minus one nitrate ion and if you add the formal charges you get also minus one 294 00:08:59,780 --> 00:08:59,790 formal charges you get also minus one 295 00:08:59,790 --> 00:09:06,520 formal charges you get also minus one now how about the oxidation number or 296 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:06,530 now how about the oxidation number or 297 00:09:06,530 --> 00:09:11,140 now how about the oxidation number or oxidation state can we assign oxidation 298 00:09:11,140 --> 00:09:11,150 oxidation state can we assign oxidation 299 00:09:11,150 --> 00:09:15,200 oxidation state can we assign oxidation state our oxidation number to each atom 300 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:15,210 state our oxidation number to each atom 301 00:09:15,210 --> 00:09:18,170 state our oxidation number to each atom in a molecule if we know the Lewis 302 00:09:18,170 --> 00:09:18,180 in a molecule if we know the Lewis 303 00:09:18,180 --> 00:09:21,250 in a molecule if we know the Lewis structure yes the answer is yes how 304 00:09:21,250 --> 00:09:21,260 structure yes the answer is yes how 305 00:09:21,260 --> 00:09:23,540 structure yes the answer is yes how similar to the formal charge 306 00:09:23,540 --> 00:09:23,550 similar to the formal charge 307 00:09:23,550 --> 00:09:29,240 similar to the formal charge but the shared electron between two 308 00:09:29,240 --> 00:09:29,250 but the shared electron between two 309 00:09:29,250 --> 00:09:34,460 but the shared electron between two atoms counts totally for the more 310 00:09:34,460 --> 00:09:34,470 atoms counts totally for the more 311 00:09:34,470 --> 00:09:39,500 atoms counts totally for the more electronegative atom and it counts zero 312 00:09:39,500 --> 00:09:39,510 electronegative atom and it counts zero 313 00:09:39,510 --> 00:09:42,230 electronegative atom and it counts zero to the less electronegative atom right 314 00:09:42,230 --> 00:09:42,240 to the less electronegative atom right 315 00:09:42,240 --> 00:09:47,260 to the less electronegative atom right now for example let's consider water 316 00:09:47,260 --> 00:09:47,270 now for example let's consider water 317 00:09:47,270 --> 00:09:50,270 now for example let's consider water when we find out the formal charge for 318 00:09:50,270 --> 00:09:50,280 when we find out the formal charge for 319 00:09:50,280 --> 00:09:53,300 when we find out the formal charge for example of the hydrogen here we said 320 00:09:53,300 --> 00:09:53,310 example of the hydrogen here we said 321 00:09:53,310 --> 00:09:56,630 example of the hydrogen here we said that the these two electrons equally 322 00:09:56,630 --> 00:09:56,640 that the these two electrons equally 323 00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:59,180 that the these two electrons equally shared so one electron belongs to this 324 00:09:59,180 --> 00:09:59,190 shared so one electron belongs to this 325 00:09:59,190 --> 00:10:01,400 shared so one electron belongs to this hydrogen here from this bond one here 326 00:10:01,400 --> 00:10:01,410 hydrogen here from this bond one here 327 00:10:01,410 --> 00:10:03,950 hydrogen here from this bond one here but as we find the oxidation number we 328 00:10:03,950 --> 00:10:03,960 but as we find the oxidation number we 329 00:10:03,960 --> 00:10:07,520 but as we find the oxidation number we say okay if I have shared electron 330 00:10:07,520 --> 00:10:07,530 say okay if I have shared electron 331 00:10:07,530 --> 00:10:10,280 say okay if I have shared electron between two atoms I look at the 332 00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:10,290 between two atoms I look at the 333 00:10:10,290 --> 00:10:12,760 between two atoms I look at the electronegativity of those two atoms and 334 00:10:12,760 --> 00:10:12,770 electronegativity of those two atoms and 335 00:10:12,770 --> 00:10:15,340 electronegativity of those two atoms and for example in this case the 336 00:10:15,340 --> 00:10:15,350 for example in this case the 337 00:10:15,350 --> 00:10:17,390 for example in this case the electronegativity of oxygen is greater 338 00:10:17,390 --> 00:10:17,400 electronegativity of oxygen is greater 339 00:10:17,400 --> 00:10:20,329 electronegativity of oxygen is greater than hydrogen so I count these electrons 340 00:10:20,329 --> 00:10:20,339 than hydrogen so I count these electrons 341 00:10:20,339 --> 00:10:21,950 than hydrogen so I count these electrons all two of them 342 00:10:21,950 --> 00:10:21,960 all two of them 343 00:10:21,960 --> 00:10:26,329 all two of them two more electro negative atom right so 344 00:10:26,329 --> 00:10:26,339 two more electro negative atom right so 345 00:10:26,339 --> 00:10:29,390 two more electro negative atom right so this way what happens hydrogen here has 346 00:10:29,390 --> 00:10:29,400 this way what happens hydrogen here has 347 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:32,930 this way what happens hydrogen here has no electrons right if those two 348 00:10:32,930 --> 00:10:32,940 no electrons right if those two 349 00:10:32,940 --> 00:10:35,030 no electrons right if those two electrons simply counts to the oxygen 350 00:10:35,030 --> 00:10:35,040 electrons simply counts to the oxygen 351 00:10:35,040 --> 00:10:37,490 electrons simply counts to the oxygen and then the number of valence electrons 352 00:10:37,490 --> 00:10:37,500 and then the number of valence electrons 353 00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:38,750 and then the number of valence electrons on the hydrogen actually there's only 354 00:10:38,750 --> 00:10:38,760 on the hydrogen actually there's only 355 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:41,270 on the hydrogen actually there's only one normally no electrons so what does 356 00:10:41,270 --> 00:10:41,280 one normally no electrons so what does 357 00:10:41,280 --> 00:10:44,060 one normally no electrons so what does that means that means that the oxidation 358 00:10:44,060 --> 00:10:44,070 that means that means that the oxidation 359 00:10:44,070 --> 00:10:49,180 that means that means that the oxidation number of hydrogen atom in water is +1 360 00:10:49,180 --> 00:10:49,190 number of hydrogen atom in water is +1 361 00:10:49,190 --> 00:10:53,329 number of hydrogen atom in water is +1 okay plus 1 so we write out here simply 362 00:10:53,329 --> 00:10:53,339 okay plus 1 so we write out here simply 363 00:10:53,339 --> 00:10:55,699 okay plus 1 so we write out here simply plot a 1 plus or let's put it that way 364 00:10:55,699 --> 00:10:55,709 plot a 1 plus or let's put it that way 365 00:10:55,709 --> 00:10:59,329 plot a 1 plus or let's put it that way one plus for the oxidation 366 00:10:59,329 --> 00:10:59,339 one plus for the oxidation 367 00:10:59,339 --> 00:11:01,879 one plus for the oxidation or oxidation state now the same thing is 368 00:11:01,879 --> 00:11:01,889 or oxidation state now the same thing is 369 00:11:01,889 --> 00:11:05,210 or oxidation state now the same thing is also a tree here one plus B now how 370 00:11:05,210 --> 00:11:05,220 also a tree here one plus B now how 371 00:11:05,220 --> 00:11:07,790 also a tree here one plus B now how about the oxygen the oxygen cases let's 372 00:11:07,790 --> 00:11:07,800 about the oxygen the oxygen cases let's 373 00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:09,949 about the oxygen the oxygen cases let's count the number of electrons we have 374 00:11:09,949 --> 00:11:09,959 count the number of electrons we have 375 00:11:09,959 --> 00:11:13,550 count the number of electrons we have two four remember these two electrons 376 00:11:13,550 --> 00:11:13,560 two four remember these two electrons 377 00:11:13,560 --> 00:11:16,910 two four remember these two electrons will count for the oxygen because the 378 00:11:16,910 --> 00:11:16,920 will count for the oxygen because the 379 00:11:16,920 --> 00:11:19,519 will count for the oxygen because the oxygen is more electronegative right so 380 00:11:19,519 --> 00:11:19,529 oxygen is more electronegative right so 381 00:11:19,529 --> 00:11:22,009 oxygen is more electronegative right so and that makes six and then this one 382 00:11:22,009 --> 00:11:22,019 and that makes six and then this one 383 00:11:22,019 --> 00:11:23,869 and that makes six and then this one also accounts for the oxygen because 384 00:11:23,869 --> 00:11:23,879 also accounts for the oxygen because 385 00:11:23,879 --> 00:11:26,239 also accounts for the oxygen because oxygen is more electronegative so that 386 00:11:26,239 --> 00:11:26,249 oxygen is more electronegative so that 387 00:11:26,249 --> 00:11:28,610 oxygen is more electronegative so that makes eight electron eight valence 388 00:11:28,610 --> 00:11:28,620 makes eight electron eight valence 389 00:11:28,620 --> 00:11:31,100 makes eight electron eight valence electrons on the oxygen atom now what 390 00:11:31,100 --> 00:11:31,110 electrons on the oxygen atom now what 391 00:11:31,110 --> 00:11:33,040 electrons on the oxygen atom now what does that means that means that the 392 00:11:33,040 --> 00:11:33,050 does that means that means that the 393 00:11:33,050 --> 00:11:36,290 does that means that means that the oxidation number is minus two two more 394 00:11:36,290 --> 00:11:36,300 oxidation number is minus two two more 395 00:11:36,300 --> 00:11:39,860 oxidation number is minus two two more electrons then neutral oxygen so this is 396 00:11:39,860 --> 00:11:39,870 electrons then neutral oxygen so this is 397 00:11:39,870 --> 00:11:43,960 electrons then neutral oxygen so this is simply becomes 1 minus no 2 minus charge 398 00:11:43,960 --> 00:11:43,970 simply becomes 1 minus no 2 minus charge 399 00:11:43,970 --> 00:11:49,460 simply becomes 1 minus no 2 minus charge here as the oxidation number is this 400 00:11:49,460 --> 00:11:49,470 here as the oxidation number is this 401 00:11:49,470 --> 00:11:52,819 here as the oxidation number is this clear so when you have a formal charge 402 00:11:52,819 --> 00:11:52,829 clear so when you have a formal charge 403 00:11:52,829 --> 00:11:56,329 clear so when you have a formal charge and the oxidation number they will not 404 00:11:56,329 --> 00:11:56,339 and the oxidation number they will not 405 00:11:56,339 --> 00:11:59,030 and the oxidation number they will not be the same things and they but if you 406 00:11:59,030 --> 00:11:59,040 be the same things and they but if you 407 00:11:59,040 --> 00:12:01,129 be the same things and they but if you have the Lewis structure of the molecule 408 00:12:01,129 --> 00:12:01,139 have the Lewis structure of the molecule 409 00:12:01,139 --> 00:12:03,980 have the Lewis structure of the molecule you can easily calculate or I should say 410 00:12:03,980 --> 00:12:03,990 you can easily calculate or I should say 411 00:12:03,990 --> 00:12:08,990 you can easily calculate or I should say assign the formal charge or oxidation 412 00:12:08,990 --> 00:12:09,000 assign the formal charge or oxidation 413 00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:10,819 assign the formal charge or oxidation number and there are different 414 00:12:10,819 --> 00:12:10,829 number and there are different 415 00:12:10,829 --> 00:12:13,970 number and there are different differences in fact as we simply proceed 416 00:12:13,970 --> 00:12:13,980 differences in fact as we simply proceed 417 00:12:13,980 --> 00:12:16,160 differences in fact as we simply proceed to assign the formal charge and the 418 00:12:16,160 --> 00:12:16,170 to assign the formal charge and the 419 00:12:16,170 --> 00:12:18,439 to assign the formal charge and the oxidation number particularly account on 420 00:12:18,439 --> 00:12:18,449 oxidation number particularly account on 421 00:12:18,449 --> 00:12:21,650 oxidation number particularly account on the shared electrons between two atoms 422 00:12:21,650 --> 00:12:21,660 the shared electrons between two atoms 423 00:12:21,660 --> 00:12:23,829 the shared electrons between two atoms if they have different 424 00:12:23,829 --> 00:12:23,839 if they have different 425 00:12:23,839 --> 00:12:27,199 if they have different electronegativities so we can for 426 00:12:27,199 --> 00:12:27,209 electronegativities so we can for 427 00:12:27,209 --> 00:12:30,009 electronegativities so we can for example do the same things over here and 428 00:12:30,009 --> 00:12:30,019 example do the same things over here and 429 00:12:30,019 --> 00:12:33,559 example do the same things over here and for the oxidation number for example 430 00:12:33,559 --> 00:12:33,569 for the oxidation number for example 431 00:12:33,569 --> 00:12:36,590 for the oxidation number for example this hydrogen will be 1 plus again just 432 00:12:36,590 --> 00:12:36,600 this hydrogen will be 1 plus again just 433 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:38,990 this hydrogen will be 1 plus again just like the same as there because those two 434 00:12:38,990 --> 00:12:39,000 like the same as there because those two 435 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:41,540 like the same as there because those two electrons belongs to the oxygen and this 436 00:12:41,540 --> 00:12:41,550 electrons belongs to the oxygen and this 437 00:12:41,550 --> 00:12:46,009 electrons belongs to the oxygen and this is also 1 plus again because that counts 438 00:12:46,009 --> 00:12:46,019 is also 1 plus again because that counts 439 00:12:46,019 --> 00:12:49,340 is also 1 plus again because that counts to the oxygen now how about the oxygens 440 00:12:49,340 --> 00:12:49,350 to the oxygen now how about the oxygens 441 00:12:49,350 --> 00:12:53,540 to the oxygen now how about the oxygens here in this case we have electron pair 442 00:12:53,540 --> 00:12:53,550 here in this case we have electron pair 443 00:12:53,550 --> 00:12:59,410 here in this case we have electron pair between two atoms which are the same 444 00:12:59,410 --> 00:12:59,420 between two atoms which are the same 445 00:12:59,420 --> 00:13:01,910 between two atoms which are the same atoms right what does that means that 446 00:13:01,910 --> 00:13:01,920 atoms right what does that means that 447 00:13:01,920 --> 00:13:03,650 atoms right what does that means that means those two atoms have the same 448 00:13:03,650 --> 00:13:03,660 means those two atoms have the same 449 00:13:03,660 --> 00:13:06,019 means those two atoms have the same electronegativity now there is no way in 450 00:13:06,019 --> 00:13:06,029 electronegativity now there is no way in 451 00:13:06,029 --> 00:13:10,189 electronegativity now there is no way in this case that the shared electron will 452 00:13:10,189 --> 00:13:10,199 this case that the shared electron will 453 00:13:10,199 --> 00:13:12,259 this case that the shared electron will be equi have to assume that it's equally 454 00:13:12,259 --> 00:13:12,269 be equi have to assume that it's equally 455 00:13:12,269 --> 00:13:13,130 be equi have to assume that it's equally shared 456 00:13:13,130 --> 00:13:13,140 shared 457 00:13:13,140 --> 00:13:15,560 shared so the number of valence electrons on 458 00:13:15,560 --> 00:13:15,570 so the number of valence electrons on 459 00:13:15,570 --> 00:13:18,500 so the number of valence electrons on the oxygen here will be to these two 460 00:13:18,500 --> 00:13:18,510 the oxygen here will be to these two 461 00:13:18,510 --> 00:13:21,710 the oxygen here will be to these two belongs to that four six one from there 462 00:13:21,710 --> 00:13:21,720 belongs to that four six one from there 463 00:13:21,720 --> 00:13:24,590 belongs to that four six one from there that makes seven and what does that 464 00:13:24,590 --> 00:13:24,600 that makes seven and what does that 465 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:27,319 that makes seven and what does that means one more electron then mutual 466 00:13:27,319 --> 00:13:27,329 means one more electron then mutual 467 00:13:27,329 --> 00:13:29,509 means one more electron then mutual oxygen atom in the valence shell and 468 00:13:29,509 --> 00:13:29,519 oxygen atom in the valence shell and 469 00:13:29,519 --> 00:13:33,230 oxygen atom in the valence shell and this becomes the oxidation state makes 470 00:13:33,230 --> 00:13:33,240 this becomes the oxidation state makes 471 00:13:33,240 --> 00:13:35,329 this becomes the oxidation state makes the oxidation number or the oxidation 472 00:13:35,329 --> 00:13:35,339 the oxidation number or the oxidation 473 00:13:35,339 --> 00:13:38,840 the oxidation number or the oxidation state for this oxygen minus one and this 474 00:13:38,840 --> 00:13:38,850 state for this oxygen minus one and this 475 00:13:38,850 --> 00:13:42,050 state for this oxygen minus one and this one is also minus one so we can simply 476 00:13:42,050 --> 00:13:42,060 one is also minus one so we can simply 477 00:13:42,060 --> 00:13:45,230 one is also minus one so we can simply continue clean like that and assign the 478 00:13:45,230 --> 00:13:45,240 continue clean like that and assign the 479 00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:48,530 continue clean like that and assign the oxidation number to the atoms in the 480 00:13:48,530 --> 00:13:48,540 oxidation number to the atoms in the 481 00:13:48,540 --> 00:13:51,110 oxidation number to the atoms in the molecule as a matter of fact we should 482 00:13:51,110 --> 00:13:51,120 molecule as a matter of fact we should 483 00:13:51,120 --> 00:13:54,889 molecule as a matter of fact we should also remember that some of the oxidation 484 00:13:54,889 --> 00:13:54,899 also remember that some of the oxidation 485 00:13:54,899 --> 00:14:00,110 also remember that some of the oxidation numbers in a molecule or in an ion must 486 00:14:00,110 --> 00:14:00,120 numbers in a molecule or in an ion must 487 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,410 numbers in a molecule or in an ion must be equal to the overall net charge on 488 00:14:03,410 --> 00:14:03,420 be equal to the overall net charge on 489 00:14:03,420 --> 00:14:07,100 be equal to the overall net charge on the molecule or on the ion so that's and 490 00:14:07,100 --> 00:14:07,110 the molecule or on the ion so that's and 491 00:14:07,110 --> 00:14:12,440 the molecule or on the ion so that's and other things we should remember so the 492 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:12,450 other things we should remember so the 493 00:14:12,450 --> 00:14:14,449 other things we should remember so the next question here is usually the 494 00:14:14,449 --> 00:14:14,459 next question here is usually the 495 00:14:14,459 --> 00:14:17,509 next question here is usually the students ask what is this formal charge 496 00:14:17,509 --> 00:14:17,519 students ask what is this formal charge 497 00:14:17,519 --> 00:14:21,410 students ask what is this formal charge is that really the net charge on the 498 00:14:21,410 --> 00:14:21,420 is that really the net charge on the 499 00:14:21,420 --> 00:14:28,280 is that really the net charge on the atoms in a molecule the answer is no so 500 00:14:28,280 --> 00:14:28,290 atoms in a molecule the answer is no so 501 00:14:28,290 --> 00:14:32,750 atoms in a molecule the answer is no so what is the net charge I don't know 502 00:14:32,750 --> 00:14:32,760 what is the net charge I don't know 503 00:14:32,760 --> 00:14:35,150 what is the net charge I don't know exactly but will probably be less than 504 00:14:35,150 --> 00:14:35,160 exactly but will probably be less than 505 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:37,400 exactly but will probably be less than what the formal charge assigned right 506 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:37,410 what the formal charge assigned right 507 00:14:37,410 --> 00:14:39,380 what the formal charge assigned right for example the formal charge on the 508 00:14:39,380 --> 00:14:39,390 for example the formal charge on the 509 00:14:39,390 --> 00:14:41,900 for example the formal charge on the hydrogen in this case it's plus probably 510 00:14:41,900 --> 00:14:41,910 hydrogen in this case it's plus probably 511 00:14:41,910 --> 00:14:44,689 hydrogen in this case it's plus probably it's not close no it's a zero but it is 512 00:14:44,689 --> 00:14:44,699 it's not close no it's a zero but it is 513 00:14:44,699 --> 00:14:47,930 it's not close no it's a zero but it is probably not zero right what is it it 514 00:14:47,930 --> 00:14:47,940 probably not zero right what is it it 515 00:14:47,940 --> 00:14:50,540 probably not zero right what is it it may be a little bit plus Delta plus 516 00:14:50,540 --> 00:14:50,550 may be a little bit plus Delta plus 517 00:14:50,550 --> 00:14:52,939 may be a little bit plus Delta plus again now on the other side extreme 518 00:14:52,939 --> 00:14:52,949 again now on the other side extreme 519 00:14:52,949 --> 00:14:56,660 again now on the other side extreme cases how about the oxidation number are 520 00:14:56,660 --> 00:14:56,670 cases how about the oxidation number are 521 00:14:56,670 --> 00:14:59,210 cases how about the oxidation number are the oxidation number indicates the net 522 00:14:59,210 --> 00:14:59,220 the oxidation number indicates the net 523 00:14:59,220 --> 00:15:01,550 the oxidation number indicates the net charge on each atom in a molecule and 524 00:15:01,550 --> 00:15:01,560 charge on each atom in a molecule and 525 00:15:01,560 --> 00:15:05,689 charge on each atom in a molecule and the answer again is no right 526 00:15:05,689 --> 00:15:05,699 the answer again is no right 527 00:15:05,699 --> 00:15:09,980 the answer again is no right so both the oxidation number of an atom 528 00:15:09,980 --> 00:15:09,990 so both the oxidation number of an atom 529 00:15:09,990 --> 00:15:13,370 so both the oxidation number of an atom in a molecule and also the formal charge 530 00:15:13,370 --> 00:15:13,380 in a molecule and also the formal charge 531 00:15:13,380 --> 00:15:17,269 in a molecule and also the formal charge of an atom in a molecule are not equal 532 00:15:17,269 --> 00:15:17,279 of an atom in a molecule are not equal 533 00:15:17,279 --> 00:15:21,889 of an atom in a molecule are not equal to the net charges on the atom so the 534 00:15:21,889 --> 00:15:21,899 to the net charges on the atom so the 535 00:15:21,899 --> 00:15:23,900 to the net charges on the atom so the net charge is definitely different than 536 00:15:23,900 --> 00:15:23,910 net charge is definitely different than 537 00:15:23,910 --> 00:15:26,689 net charge is definitely different than the formal charge and also different 538 00:15:26,689 --> 00:15:26,699 the formal charge and also different 539 00:15:26,699 --> 00:15:26,930 the formal charge and also different than 540 00:15:26,930 --> 00:15:26,940 than 541 00:15:26,940 --> 00:15:31,040 than the oxidation number so we have to keep 542 00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:31,050 the oxidation number so we have to keep 543 00:15:31,050 --> 00:15:31,700 the oxidation number so we have to keep that in mind 544 00:15:31,700 --> 00:15:31,710 that in mind 545 00:15:31,710 --> 00:15:35,800 that in mind okay now let's this is again what I 546 00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:35,810 okay now let's this is again what I 547 00:15:35,810 --> 00:15:38,510 okay now let's this is again what I wanted to say from the last chapter now 548 00:15:38,510 --> 00:15:38,520 wanted to say from the last chapter now 549 00:15:38,520 --> 00:15:42,820 wanted to say from the last chapter now we can go to chapter 9 now chapter 9 as 550 00:15:42,820 --> 00:15:42,830 we can go to chapter 9 now chapter 9 as 551 00:15:42,830 --> 00:15:47,150 we can go to chapter 9 now chapter 9 as you see about the molecular geometry and 552 00:15:47,150 --> 00:15:47,160 you see about the molecular geometry and 553 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:53,240 you see about the molecular geometry and bonding theories what is it now what are 554 00:15:53,240 --> 00:15:53,250 bonding theories what is it now what are 555 00:15:53,250 --> 00:15:58,100 bonding theories what is it now what are we going to learn in this chapter now if 556 00:15:58,100 --> 00:15:58,110 we going to learn in this chapter now if 557 00:15:58,110 --> 00:16:02,840 we going to learn in this chapter now if I I have a loose structure of a molecule 558 00:16:02,840 --> 00:16:02,850 I I have a loose structure of a molecule 559 00:16:02,850 --> 00:16:08,900 I I have a loose structure of a molecule I actually put all the atoms on the same 560 00:16:08,900 --> 00:16:08,910 I actually put all the atoms on the same 561 00:16:08,910 --> 00:16:11,270 I actually put all the atoms on the same plane doesn't matter how many atoms I 562 00:16:11,270 --> 00:16:11,280 plane doesn't matter how many atoms I 563 00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:13,970 plane doesn't matter how many atoms I have in the molecule so that simply 564 00:16:13,970 --> 00:16:13,980 have in the molecule so that simply 565 00:16:13,980 --> 00:16:18,830 have in the molecule so that simply means the relative positions of the 566 00:16:18,830 --> 00:16:18,840 means the relative positions of the 567 00:16:18,840 --> 00:16:22,520 means the relative positions of the atoms in a molecule in three-dimensional 568 00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:22,530 atoms in a molecule in three-dimensional 569 00:16:22,530 --> 00:16:26,240 atoms in a molecule in three-dimensional space are not expressed by the Lewis 570 00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:26,250 space are not expressed by the Lewis 571 00:16:26,250 --> 00:16:30,200 space are not expressed by the Lewis structure of the molecule right the 572 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:30,210 structure of the molecule right the 573 00:16:30,210 --> 00:16:33,530 structure of the molecule right the Lewis structure only tells me which atom 574 00:16:33,530 --> 00:16:33,540 Lewis structure only tells me which atom 575 00:16:33,540 --> 00:16:36,620 Lewis structure only tells me which atom is bonded to which and what are the 576 00:16:36,620 --> 00:16:36,630 is bonded to which and what are the 577 00:16:36,630 --> 00:16:39,110 is bonded to which and what are the number of electrons that shared between 578 00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:39,120 number of electrons that shared between 579 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:40,910 number of electrons that shared between the atoms and what are the number of 580 00:16:40,910 --> 00:16:40,920 the atoms and what are the number of 581 00:16:40,920 --> 00:16:43,460 the atoms and what are the number of electrons that are not shared between 582 00:16:43,460 --> 00:16:43,470 electrons that are not shared between 583 00:16:43,470 --> 00:16:45,890 electrons that are not shared between the atoms again which we call them lone 584 00:16:45,890 --> 00:16:45,900 the atoms again which we call them lone 585 00:16:45,900 --> 00:16:51,400 the atoms again which we call them lone pair so the question is how do we know 586 00:16:51,400 --> 00:16:51,410 pair so the question is how do we know 587 00:16:51,410 --> 00:16:56,060 pair so the question is how do we know the structure or molecular geometry we 588 00:16:56,060 --> 00:16:56,070 the structure or molecular geometry we 589 00:16:56,070 --> 00:17:00,550 the structure or molecular geometry we call it or the shape of a molecule if 590 00:17:00,550 --> 00:17:00,560 call it or the shape of a molecule if 591 00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:04,160 call it or the shape of a molecule if the molecule is made of more than two 592 00:17:04,160 --> 00:17:04,170 the molecule is made of more than two 593 00:17:04,170 --> 00:17:08,840 the molecule is made of more than two atoms right for example if a molecule is 594 00:17:08,840 --> 00:17:08,850 atoms right for example if a molecule is 595 00:17:08,850 --> 00:17:12,620 atoms right for example if a molecule is only made up from two atoms we know the 596 00:17:12,620 --> 00:17:12,630 only made up from two atoms we know the 597 00:17:12,630 --> 00:17:14,720 only made up from two atoms we know the structure the geometry of that because 598 00:17:14,720 --> 00:17:14,730 structure the geometry of that because 599 00:17:14,730 --> 00:17:16,970 structure the geometry of that because there is no other way for example if I 600 00:17:16,970 --> 00:17:16,980 there is no other way for example if I 601 00:17:16,980 --> 00:17:20,090 there is no other way for example if I have the hydrogen chloride molecule this 602 00:17:20,090 --> 00:17:20,100 have the hydrogen chloride molecule this 603 00:17:20,100 --> 00:17:22,610 have the hydrogen chloride molecule this hydrogen chloride molecule the geometry 604 00:17:22,610 --> 00:17:22,620 hydrogen chloride molecule the geometry 605 00:17:22,620 --> 00:17:26,060 hydrogen chloride molecule the geometry or the shape is linear right so the 606 00:17:26,060 --> 00:17:26,070 or the shape is linear right so the 607 00:17:26,070 --> 00:17:28,460 or the shape is linear right so the hydrogen is here one atom there chlorine 608 00:17:28,460 --> 00:17:28,470 hydrogen is here one atom there chlorine 609 00:17:28,470 --> 00:17:31,430 hydrogen is here one atom there chlorine is over here so the shape is linear that 610 00:17:31,430 --> 00:17:31,440 is over here so the shape is linear that 611 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:34,760 is over here so the shape is linear that means both atoms are on the same line so 612 00:17:34,760 --> 00:17:34,770 means both atoms are on the same line so 613 00:17:34,770 --> 00:17:38,440 means both atoms are on the same line so we don't need anything else actually to 614 00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:38,450 we don't need anything else actually to 615 00:17:38,450 --> 00:17:40,220 we don't need anything else actually to predict the job 616 00:17:40,220 --> 00:17:40,230 predict the job 617 00:17:40,230 --> 00:17:42,049 predict the job - you're the shape of the molecule but 618 00:17:42,049 --> 00:17:42,059 - you're the shape of the molecule but 619 00:17:42,059 --> 00:17:46,580 - you're the shape of the molecule but if I have more than two atoms in a 620 00:17:46,580 --> 00:17:46,590 if I have more than two atoms in a 621 00:17:46,590 --> 00:17:50,830 if I have more than two atoms in a molecule or in anion I can't really tell 622 00:17:50,830 --> 00:17:50,840 molecule or in anion I can't really tell 623 00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:55,400 molecule or in anion I can't really tell the shape of the molecule or the iron or 624 00:17:55,400 --> 00:17:55,410 the shape of the molecule or the iron or 625 00:17:55,410 --> 00:17:57,799 the shape of the molecule or the iron or geometry of the molecule or the iron by 626 00:17:57,799 --> 00:17:57,809 geometry of the molecule or the iron by 627 00:17:57,809 --> 00:18:01,480 geometry of the molecule or the iron by simply looking at the Lewis structure 628 00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:01,490 simply looking at the Lewis structure 629 00:18:01,490 --> 00:18:06,530 simply looking at the Lewis structure right but what I can do by using the 630 00:18:06,530 --> 00:18:06,540 right but what I can do by using the 631 00:18:06,540 --> 00:18:08,960 right but what I can do by using the Lewis structure if I have the Lewis 632 00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:08,970 Lewis structure if I have the Lewis 633 00:18:08,970 --> 00:18:11,990 Lewis structure if I have the Lewis structure of the molecule or the iron I 634 00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:12,000 structure of the molecule or the iron I 635 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:15,650 structure of the molecule or the iron I can predict what will be the shape or 636 00:18:15,650 --> 00:18:15,660 can predict what will be the shape or 637 00:18:15,660 --> 00:18:19,640 can predict what will be the shape or the geometry of the ion s right or the 638 00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:19,650 the geometry of the ion s right or the 639 00:18:19,650 --> 00:18:23,210 the geometry of the ion s right or the molecule is now in this case here these 640 00:18:23,210 --> 00:18:23,220 molecule is now in this case here these 641 00:18:23,220 --> 00:18:27,230 molecule is now in this case here these are simply some shapes this is carbon 642 00:18:27,230 --> 00:18:27,240 are simply some shapes this is carbon 643 00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:29,810 are simply some shapes this is carbon dioxide for example here linear and 644 00:18:29,810 --> 00:18:29,820 dioxide for example here linear and 645 00:18:29,820 --> 00:18:34,159 dioxide for example here linear and sulfur dioxide is bent shape and so3 is 646 00:18:34,159 --> 00:18:34,169 sulfur dioxide is bent shape and so3 is 647 00:18:34,169 --> 00:18:37,850 sulfur dioxide is bent shape and so3 is trigonal planar and nitrogen trifluoride 648 00:18:37,850 --> 00:18:37,860 trigonal planar and nitrogen trifluoride 649 00:18:37,860 --> 00:18:41,990 trigonal planar and nitrogen trifluoride is again trigonal pyramidal shape or the 650 00:18:41,990 --> 00:18:42,000 is again trigonal pyramidal shape or the 651 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:45,950 is again trigonal pyramidal shape or the geometry and chlorine trifluoride is T 652 00:18:45,950 --> 00:18:45,960 geometry and chlorine trifluoride is T 653 00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:49,630 geometry and chlorine trifluoride is T shape again the question is can I 654 00:18:49,630 --> 00:18:49,640 shape again the question is can I 655 00:18:49,640 --> 00:18:54,380 shape again the question is can I predict the geometry for these shapes of 656 00:18:54,380 --> 00:18:54,390 predict the geometry for these shapes of 657 00:18:54,390 --> 00:18:56,690 predict the geometry for these shapes of these molecules by using the Lewis 658 00:18:56,690 --> 00:18:56,700 these molecules by using the Lewis 659 00:18:56,700 --> 00:18:59,840 these molecules by using the Lewis structure answer is yes very very simple 660 00:18:59,840 --> 00:18:59,850 structure answer is yes very very simple 661 00:18:59,850 --> 00:19:03,169 structure answer is yes very very simple model actually let's look at if this 662 00:19:03,169 --> 00:19:03,179 model actually let's look at if this 663 00:19:03,179 --> 00:19:06,460 model actually let's look at if this thing's works this one also doesn't work 664 00:19:06,460 --> 00:19:06,470 thing's works this one also doesn't work 665 00:19:06,470 --> 00:19:11,020 thing's works this one also doesn't work okay right here now let's look at what 666 00:19:11,020 --> 00:19:11,030 okay right here now let's look at what 667 00:19:11,030 --> 00:19:14,900 okay right here now let's look at what determines the shape of a molecule this 668 00:19:14,900 --> 00:19:14,910 determines the shape of a molecule this 669 00:19:14,910 --> 00:19:17,180 determines the shape of a molecule this is very important or geometry remember 670 00:19:17,180 --> 00:19:17,190 is very important or geometry remember 671 00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:18,680 is very important or geometry remember again shape and geometry is the same 672 00:19:18,680 --> 00:19:18,690 again shape and geometry is the same 673 00:19:18,690 --> 00:19:20,510 again shape and geometry is the same things it's simply the relative 674 00:19:20,510 --> 00:19:20,520 things it's simply the relative 675 00:19:20,520 --> 00:19:23,480 things it's simply the relative positions of the atoms with respect to 676 00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:23,490 positions of the atoms with respect to 677 00:19:23,490 --> 00:19:25,600 positions of the atoms with respect to each other in three-dimensional space 678 00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:25,610 each other in three-dimensional space 679 00:19:25,610 --> 00:19:28,490 each other in three-dimensional space three-dimensional space and the main 680 00:19:28,490 --> 00:19:28,500 three-dimensional space and the main 681 00:19:28,500 --> 00:19:30,950 three-dimensional space and the main things that determines the shape of the 682 00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:30,960 things that determines the shape of the 683 00:19:30,960 --> 00:19:35,230 things that determines the shape of the molecule is what we call the bond angles 684 00:19:35,230 --> 00:19:35,240 molecule is what we call the bond angles 685 00:19:35,240 --> 00:19:38,240 molecule is what we call the bond angles that means the angles made by the lines 686 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:38,250 that means the angles made by the lines 687 00:19:38,250 --> 00:19:42,110 that means the angles made by the lines which combines the nuclei of the atoms 688 00:19:42,110 --> 00:19:42,120 which combines the nuclei of the atoms 689 00:19:42,120 --> 00:19:43,909 which combines the nuclei of the atoms in the molecule off the atoms in the 690 00:19:43,909 --> 00:19:43,919 in the molecule off the atoms in the 691 00:19:43,919 --> 00:19:47,090 in the molecule off the atoms in the molecule now very simple approach is 692 00:19:47,090 --> 00:19:47,100 molecule now very simple approach is 693 00:19:47,100 --> 00:19:51,770 molecule now very simple approach is again as follow it says simply says put 694 00:19:51,770 --> 00:19:51,780 again as follow it says simply says put 695 00:19:51,780 --> 00:19:53,210 again as follow it says simply says put the electron pairs whether they be 696 00:19:53,210 --> 00:19:53,220 the electron pairs whether they be 697 00:19:53,220 --> 00:19:54,740 the electron pairs whether they be bonding or not 698 00:19:54,740 --> 00:19:54,750 bonding or not 699 00:19:54,750 --> 00:19:57,530 bonding or not repel each other here I guess just 700 00:19:57,530 --> 00:19:57,540 repel each other here I guess just 701 00:19:57,540 --> 00:20:01,450 repel each other here I guess just living that I can explain you more 702 00:20:01,450 --> 00:20:01,460 living that I can explain you more 703 00:20:01,460 --> 00:20:13,970 living that I can explain you more simply on the board here first we start 704 00:20:13,970 --> 00:20:13,980 simply on the board here first we start 705 00:20:13,980 --> 00:20:23,200 simply on the board here first we start with how can we predict the relative 706 00:20:23,200 --> 00:20:23,210 with how can we predict the relative 707 00:20:23,210 --> 00:20:28,360 with how can we predict the relative positions of the electron pairs around 708 00:20:28,360 --> 00:20:28,370 positions of the electron pairs around 709 00:20:28,370 --> 00:20:32,350 positions of the electron pairs around the central atom in a molecule 710 00:20:32,350 --> 00:20:32,360 the central atom in a molecule 711 00:20:32,360 --> 00:20:35,660 the central atom in a molecule now electron pairs around the central 712 00:20:35,660 --> 00:20:35,670 now electron pairs around the central 713 00:20:35,670 --> 00:20:37,490 now electron pairs around the central atom again we have a central atom those 714 00:20:37,490 --> 00:20:37,500 atom again we have a central atom those 715 00:20:37,500 --> 00:20:39,140 atom again we have a central atom those electron pairs that we see on the Lewis 716 00:20:39,140 --> 00:20:39,150 electron pairs that we see on the Lewis 717 00:20:39,150 --> 00:20:43,810 electron pairs that we see on the Lewis structures right and the approaches 718 00:20:43,810 --> 00:20:43,820 structures right and the approaches 719 00:20:43,820 --> 00:20:49,130 structures right and the approaches purely electrostatic since the electrons 720 00:20:49,130 --> 00:20:49,140 purely electrostatic since the electrons 721 00:20:49,140 --> 00:20:54,280 purely electrostatic since the electrons are negatively charged so electron pairs 722 00:20:54,280 --> 00:20:54,290 are negatively charged so electron pairs 723 00:20:54,290 --> 00:20:58,370 are negatively charged so electron pairs have to be as far apart as possible from 724 00:20:58,370 --> 00:20:58,380 have to be as far apart as possible from 725 00:20:58,380 --> 00:21:01,580 have to be as far apart as possible from each other to get the minimum repulsions 726 00:21:01,580 --> 00:21:01,590 each other to get the minimum repulsions 727 00:21:01,590 --> 00:21:05,180 each other to get the minimum repulsions of the molecule and the molecule will 728 00:21:05,180 --> 00:21:05,190 of the molecule and the molecule will 729 00:21:05,190 --> 00:21:07,400 of the molecule and the molecule will prefer the lowest energy which 730 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:07,410 prefer the lowest energy which 731 00:21:07,410 --> 00:21:09,740 prefer the lowest energy which corresponds that minimum repulsion is 732 00:21:09,740 --> 00:21:09,750 corresponds that minimum repulsion is 733 00:21:09,750 --> 00:21:12,200 corresponds that minimum repulsion is between the electron pairs around the 734 00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:12,210 between the electron pairs around the 735 00:21:12,210 --> 00:21:15,710 between the electron pairs around the central atom right so let's consider for 736 00:21:15,710 --> 00:21:15,720 central atom right so let's consider for 737 00:21:15,720 --> 00:21:17,720 central atom right so let's consider for example this is our central atom and 738 00:21:17,720 --> 00:21:17,730 example this is our central atom and 739 00:21:17,730 --> 00:21:21,530 example this is our central atom and suppose that we have two electron pairs 740 00:21:21,530 --> 00:21:21,540 suppose that we have two electron pairs 741 00:21:21,540 --> 00:21:23,630 suppose that we have two electron pairs around the central atom where we know 742 00:21:23,630 --> 00:21:23,640 around the central atom where we know 743 00:21:23,640 --> 00:21:25,730 around the central atom where we know that from the Lewis structure the 744 00:21:25,730 --> 00:21:25,740 that from the Lewis structure the 745 00:21:25,740 --> 00:21:27,560 that from the Lewis structure the central atom is known number of electron 746 00:21:27,560 --> 00:21:27,570 central atom is known number of electron 747 00:21:27,570 --> 00:21:30,500 central atom is known number of electron pairs Arana is known also now if I have 748 00:21:30,500 --> 00:21:30,510 pairs Arana is known also now if I have 749 00:21:30,510 --> 00:21:34,130 pairs Arana is known also now if I have simply two electron pairs by using 750 00:21:34,130 --> 00:21:34,140 simply two electron pairs by using 751 00:21:34,140 --> 00:21:37,250 simply two electron pairs by using simple Coulomb's law and mathematical 752 00:21:37,250 --> 00:21:37,260 simple Coulomb's law and mathematical 753 00:21:37,260 --> 00:21:39,170 simple Coulomb's law and mathematical approach simple mathematic I can find 754 00:21:39,170 --> 00:21:39,180 approach simple mathematic I can find 755 00:21:39,180 --> 00:21:42,230 approach simple mathematic I can find out where I should put those electron 756 00:21:42,230 --> 00:21:42,240 out where I should put those electron 757 00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:44,570 out where I should put those electron pairs around the central atom to get the 758 00:21:44,570 --> 00:21:44,580 pairs around the central atom to get the 759 00:21:44,580 --> 00:21:46,700 pairs around the central atom to get the minimum charge minimum repulsions and 760 00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:46,710 minimum charge minimum repulsions and 761 00:21:46,710 --> 00:21:48,880 minimum charge minimum repulsions and the calculations or electrostatic 762 00:21:48,880 --> 00:21:48,890 the calculations or electrostatic 763 00:21:48,890 --> 00:21:51,110 the calculations or electrostatic considerations actually tells me that I 764 00:21:51,110 --> 00:21:51,120 considerations actually tells me that I 765 00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:54,400 considerations actually tells me that I have to put those electron pairs around 766 00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:54,410 have to put those electron pairs around 767 00:21:54,410 --> 00:21:58,100 have to put those electron pairs around the central atom in such that they will 768 00:21:58,100 --> 00:21:58,110 the central atom in such that they will 769 00:21:58,110 --> 00:22:02,470 the central atom in such that they will be on a line across the atom like this 770 00:22:02,470 --> 00:22:02,480 be on a line across the atom like this 771 00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:06,380 be on a line across the atom like this so that means if I have those lone pair 772 00:22:06,380 --> 00:22:06,390 so that means if I have those lone pair 773 00:22:06,390 --> 00:22:07,549 so that means if I have those lone pair electrons 774 00:22:07,549 --> 00:22:07,559 electrons 775 00:22:07,559 --> 00:22:10,369 electrons here two of them here the other two 776 00:22:10,369 --> 00:22:10,379 here two of them here the other two 777 00:22:10,379 --> 00:22:13,190 here two of them here the other two should be here and on the same line what 778 00:22:13,190 --> 00:22:13,200 should be here and on the same line what 779 00:22:13,200 --> 00:22:14,810 should be here and on the same line what happens if I have them not on the same 780 00:22:14,810 --> 00:22:14,820 happens if I have them not on the same 781 00:22:14,820 --> 00:22:17,210 happens if I have them not on the same line but over here repulsion will be 782 00:22:17,210 --> 00:22:17,220 line but over here repulsion will be 783 00:22:17,220 --> 00:22:21,169 line but over here repulsion will be greater so this arrangement of the 784 00:22:21,169 --> 00:22:21,179 greater so this arrangement of the 785 00:22:21,179 --> 00:22:23,149 greater so this arrangement of the electron pairs around the central atom 786 00:22:23,149 --> 00:22:23,159 electron pairs around the central atom 787 00:22:23,159 --> 00:22:26,690 electron pairs around the central atom for two electron pairs right gives me 788 00:22:26,690 --> 00:22:26,700 for two electron pairs right gives me 789 00:22:26,700 --> 00:22:30,710 for two electron pairs right gives me the minimum repulsions and the electrons 790 00:22:30,710 --> 00:22:30,720 the minimum repulsions and the electrons 791 00:22:30,720 --> 00:22:33,799 the minimum repulsions and the electrons will prefer to be in that positions in 792 00:22:33,799 --> 00:22:33,809 will prefer to be in that positions in 793 00:22:33,809 --> 00:22:36,619 will prefer to be in that positions in the act within the molecule right now so 794 00:22:36,619 --> 00:22:36,629 the act within the molecule right now so 795 00:22:36,629 --> 00:22:39,259 the act within the molecule right now so the geometry here let's call electron 796 00:22:39,259 --> 00:22:39,269 the geometry here let's call electron 797 00:22:39,269 --> 00:22:48,109 the geometry here let's call electron pair geometry electron pair geometry or 798 00:22:48,109 --> 00:22:48,119 pair geometry electron pair geometry or 799 00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:50,989 pair geometry electron pair geometry or you can say shape it is the same things 800 00:22:50,989 --> 00:22:50,999 you can say shape it is the same things 801 00:22:50,999 --> 00:22:54,950 you can say shape it is the same things in this case is linear right so this is 802 00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:54,960 in this case is linear right so this is 803 00:22:54,960 --> 00:22:59,450 in this case is linear right so this is simply linear like this okay next is if 804 00:22:59,450 --> 00:22:59,460 simply linear like this okay next is if 805 00:22:59,460 --> 00:23:02,840 simply linear like this okay next is if I have three electron pairs around the 806 00:23:02,840 --> 00:23:02,850 I have three electron pairs around the 807 00:23:02,850 --> 00:23:07,249 I have three electron pairs around the central atom again by the same approach 808 00:23:07,249 --> 00:23:07,259 central atom again by the same approach 809 00:23:07,259 --> 00:23:11,600 central atom again by the same approach purely electrostatic model I can simply 810 00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:11,610 purely electrostatic model I can simply 811 00:23:11,610 --> 00:23:14,659 purely electrostatic model I can simply show that if I have three electron pairs 812 00:23:14,659 --> 00:23:14,669 show that if I have three electron pairs 813 00:23:14,669 --> 00:23:16,940 show that if I have three electron pairs around the central atom I have to put 814 00:23:16,940 --> 00:23:16,950 around the central atom I have to put 815 00:23:16,950 --> 00:23:20,450 around the central atom I have to put them on the corner of an equilateral 816 00:23:20,450 --> 00:23:20,460 them on the corner of an equilateral 817 00:23:20,460 --> 00:23:23,930 them on the corner of an equilateral triangle around the central atom Luka 818 00:23:23,930 --> 00:23:23,940 triangle around the central atom Luka 819 00:23:23,940 --> 00:23:26,330 triangle around the central atom Luka later triangle so what does that means 820 00:23:26,330 --> 00:23:26,340 later triangle so what does that means 821 00:23:26,340 --> 00:23:29,029 later triangle so what does that means this simply means that the angles here 822 00:23:29,029 --> 00:23:29,039 this simply means that the angles here 823 00:23:29,039 --> 00:23:33,350 this simply means that the angles here will be 120 degrees right and this one 824 00:23:33,350 --> 00:23:33,360 will be 120 degrees right and this one 825 00:23:33,360 --> 00:23:36,440 will be 120 degrees right and this one is 120 degrees that 120 degrees this is 826 00:23:36,440 --> 00:23:36,450 is 120 degrees that 120 degrees this is 827 00:23:36,450 --> 00:23:39,769 is 120 degrees that 120 degrees this is simply act the electron pairs are at the 828 00:23:39,769 --> 00:23:39,779 simply act the electron pairs are at the 829 00:23:39,779 --> 00:23:43,509 simply act the electron pairs are at the corner of equilateral triangle and that 830 00:23:43,509 --> 00:23:43,519 corner of equilateral triangle and that 831 00:23:43,519 --> 00:23:46,430 corner of equilateral triangle and that gives me the minimum repulsions what 832 00:23:46,430 --> 00:23:46,440 gives me the minimum repulsions what 833 00:23:46,440 --> 00:23:48,590 gives me the minimum repulsions what happens if I put the electrons let's say 834 00:23:48,590 --> 00:23:48,600 happens if I put the electrons let's say 835 00:23:48,600 --> 00:23:51,710 happens if I put the electrons let's say on somewhere else not the corner of an 836 00:23:51,710 --> 00:23:51,720 on somewhere else not the corner of an 837 00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:54,470 on somewhere else not the corner of an equilateral triangle but other place the 838 00:23:54,470 --> 00:23:54,480 equilateral triangle but other place the 839 00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:57,049 equilateral triangle but other place the repulsion will not be minimum will not 840 00:23:57,049 --> 00:23:57,059 repulsion will not be minimum will not 841 00:23:57,059 --> 00:23:59,840 repulsion will not be minimum will not be minimum so now when I have this 842 00:23:59,840 --> 00:23:59,850 be minimum so now when I have this 843 00:23:59,850 --> 00:24:03,409 be minimum so now when I have this electron pairs in this fashion and the 844 00:24:03,409 --> 00:24:03,419 electron pairs in this fashion and the 845 00:24:03,419 --> 00:24:06,200 electron pairs in this fashion and the electron pair geometry is called tree 846 00:24:06,200 --> 00:24:06,210 electron pair geometry is called tree 847 00:24:06,210 --> 00:24:14,330 electron pair geometry is called tree guano planar trigonal planar that is the 848 00:24:14,330 --> 00:24:14,340 guano planar trigonal planar that is the 849 00:24:14,340 --> 00:24:17,359 guano planar trigonal planar that is the geometry electron pair geometry around 850 00:24:17,359 --> 00:24:17,369 geometry electron pair geometry around 851 00:24:17,369 --> 00:24:20,659 geometry electron pair geometry around the central atom now the name 852 00:24:20,659 --> 00:24:20,669 the central atom now the name 853 00:24:20,669 --> 00:24:22,759 the central atom now the name is what happens if I have four electron 854 00:24:22,759 --> 00:24:22,769 is what happens if I have four electron 855 00:24:22,769 --> 00:24:26,840 is what happens if I have four electron pairs by the same approach if I have 856 00:24:26,840 --> 00:24:26,850 pairs by the same approach if I have 857 00:24:26,850 --> 00:24:29,379 pairs by the same approach if I have four electron pairs the calculations 858 00:24:29,379 --> 00:24:29,389 four electron pairs the calculations 859 00:24:29,389 --> 00:24:32,629 four electron pairs the calculations which considers the repulsion between 860 00:24:32,629 --> 00:24:32,639 which considers the repulsion between 861 00:24:32,639 --> 00:24:34,700 which considers the repulsion between those electron pairs tells me that I 862 00:24:34,700 --> 00:24:34,710 those electron pairs tells me that I 863 00:24:34,710 --> 00:24:37,970 those electron pairs tells me that I have to put those electron pairs on the 864 00:24:37,970 --> 00:24:37,980 have to put those electron pairs on the 865 00:24:37,980 --> 00:24:42,769 have to put those electron pairs on the corner of a tetrahedron right now what 866 00:24:42,769 --> 00:24:42,779 corner of a tetrahedron right now what 867 00:24:42,779 --> 00:24:45,739 corner of a tetrahedron right now what is a tetrahedron now tetrahedron is a 868 00:24:45,739 --> 00:24:45,749 is a tetrahedron now tetrahedron is a 869 00:24:45,749 --> 00:24:49,700 is a tetrahedron now tetrahedron is a three dimensional geometry where it has 870 00:24:49,700 --> 00:24:49,710 three dimensional geometry where it has 871 00:24:49,710 --> 00:24:55,609 three dimensional geometry where it has four faces and all faces are equilateral 872 00:24:55,609 --> 00:24:55,619 four faces and all faces are equilateral 873 00:24:55,619 --> 00:24:57,799 four faces and all faces are equilateral triangle and all those faces are equal 874 00:24:57,799 --> 00:24:57,809 triangle and all those faces are equal 875 00:24:57,809 --> 00:24:59,930 triangle and all those faces are equal and they are all equal later triangle so 876 00:24:59,930 --> 00:24:59,940 and they are all equal later triangle so 877 00:24:59,940 --> 00:25:03,409 and they are all equal later triangle so that simply means that if I try to show 878 00:25:03,409 --> 00:25:03,419 that simply means that if I try to show 879 00:25:03,419 --> 00:25:06,799 that simply means that if I try to show it here I will have simply the electron 880 00:25:06,799 --> 00:25:06,809 it here I will have simply the electron 881 00:25:06,809 --> 00:25:12,580 it here I will have simply the electron pairs on the corner of tetrahedron so 882 00:25:12,580 --> 00:25:12,590 pairs on the corner of tetrahedron so 883 00:25:12,590 --> 00:25:15,169 pairs on the corner of tetrahedron so the shape would be something like this 884 00:25:15,169 --> 00:25:15,179 the shape would be something like this 885 00:25:15,179 --> 00:25:18,710 the shape would be something like this and I have four faces all phases are 886 00:25:18,710 --> 00:25:18,720 and I have four faces all phases are 887 00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:20,869 and I have four faces all phases are equilateral triangles and they are 888 00:25:20,869 --> 00:25:20,879 equilateral triangles and they are 889 00:25:20,879 --> 00:25:23,389 equilateral triangles and they are equally away from the central atom and 890 00:25:23,389 --> 00:25:23,399 equally away from the central atom and 891 00:25:23,399 --> 00:25:28,479 equally away from the central atom and this geometry is called tetrahedral 892 00:25:28,479 --> 00:25:28,489 this geometry is called tetrahedral 893 00:25:28,489 --> 00:25:31,759 this geometry is called tetrahedral right tetrahedral geometry so the 894 00:25:31,759 --> 00:25:31,769 right tetrahedral geometry so the 895 00:25:31,769 --> 00:25:37,539 right tetrahedral geometry so the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral 896 00:25:37,539 --> 00:25:37,549 897 00:25:37,549 --> 00:25:40,639 tetrahedral now the next is just by 898 00:25:40,639 --> 00:25:40,649 tetrahedral now the next is just by 899 00:25:40,649 --> 00:25:43,820 tetrahedral now the next is just by using what happens if I have five 900 00:25:43,820 --> 00:25:43,830 using what happens if I have five 901 00:25:43,830 --> 00:25:46,570 using what happens if I have five electron pairs around the central atom 902 00:25:46,570 --> 00:25:46,580 electron pairs around the central atom 903 00:25:46,580 --> 00:25:50,269 electron pairs around the central atom now remember we can put more than eight 904 00:25:50,269 --> 00:25:50,279 now remember we can put more than eight 905 00:25:50,279 --> 00:25:55,340 now remember we can put more than eight electrons around atoms and which means 906 00:25:55,340 --> 00:25:55,350 electrons around atoms and which means 907 00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:57,200 electrons around atoms and which means that in that case I can have five 908 00:25:57,200 --> 00:25:57,210 that in that case I can have five 909 00:25:57,210 --> 00:26:00,109 that in that case I can have five electron pairs right now again five 910 00:26:00,109 --> 00:26:00,119 electron pairs right now again five 911 00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:04,489 electron pairs right now again five electron pairs let's say I have to put 912 00:26:04,489 --> 00:26:04,499 electron pairs let's say I have to put 913 00:26:04,499 --> 00:26:08,119 electron pairs let's say I have to put those again considering the repulsion 914 00:26:08,119 --> 00:26:08,129 those again considering the repulsion 915 00:26:08,129 --> 00:26:10,759 those again considering the repulsion between them in such a way that they 916 00:26:10,759 --> 00:26:10,769 between them in such a way that they 917 00:26:10,769 --> 00:26:14,210 between them in such a way that they have to be on the corner of trigonal 918 00:26:14,210 --> 00:26:14,220 have to be on the corner of trigonal 919 00:26:14,220 --> 00:26:18,019 have to be on the corner of trigonal bipyramidal geometry trigonal 920 00:26:18,019 --> 00:26:18,029 bipyramidal geometry trigonal 921 00:26:18,029 --> 00:26:22,539 bipyramidal geometry trigonal bipyramidal geometry means that i have 922 00:26:22,539 --> 00:26:22,549 bipyramidal geometry means that i have 923 00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:23,899 bipyramidal geometry means that i have okay 924 00:26:23,899 --> 00:26:23,909 okay 925 00:26:23,909 --> 00:26:26,509 okay the axial positions over here and I have 926 00:26:26,509 --> 00:26:26,519 the axial positions over here and I have 927 00:26:26,519 --> 00:26:31,310 the axial positions over here and I have the electron pairs here here let's put 928 00:26:31,310 --> 00:26:31,320 the electron pairs here here let's put 929 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:32,210 the electron pairs here here let's put that over here 930 00:26:32,210 --> 00:26:32,220 that over here 931 00:26:32,220 --> 00:26:34,159 that over here and also 932 00:26:34,159 --> 00:26:34,169 and also 933 00:26:34,169 --> 00:26:40,299 and also here like this so this is the 934 00:26:40,299 --> 00:26:40,309 here like this so this is the 935 00:26:40,309 --> 00:26:43,279 here like this so this is the arrangement of the electron pairs around 936 00:26:43,279 --> 00:26:43,289 arrangement of the electron pairs around 937 00:26:43,289 --> 00:26:46,009 arrangement of the electron pairs around the central atom if I have five electron 938 00:26:46,009 --> 00:26:46,019 the central atom if I have five electron 939 00:26:46,019 --> 00:26:48,799 the central atom if I have five electron pairs to give the minimum repulsions to 940 00:26:48,799 --> 00:26:48,809 pairs to give the minimum repulsions to 941 00:26:48,809 --> 00:26:50,629 pairs to give the minimum repulsions to give the minimum repulsions now if I 942 00:26:50,629 --> 00:26:50,639 give the minimum repulsions now if I 943 00:26:50,639 --> 00:26:56,440 give the minimum repulsions now if I combine this shape here and like this I 944 00:26:56,440 --> 00:26:56,450 combine this shape here and like this I 945 00:26:56,450 --> 00:26:59,749 combine this shape here and like this I can show you those better there actually 946 00:26:59,749 --> 00:26:59,759 can show you those better there actually 947 00:26:59,759 --> 00:27:02,899 can show you those better there actually and the geometry again electron pair 948 00:27:02,899 --> 00:27:02,909 and the geometry again electron pair 949 00:27:02,909 --> 00:27:09,609 and the geometry again electron pair geometry electron pair geometry becomes 950 00:27:09,609 --> 00:27:09,619 geometry electron pair geometry becomes 951 00:27:09,619 --> 00:27:14,930 geometry electron pair geometry becomes Trego know by parameters remember pi 952 00:27:14,930 --> 00:27:14,940 Trego know by parameters remember pi 953 00:27:14,940 --> 00:27:17,720 Trego know by parameters remember pi remit we know the pyramid trigonal 954 00:27:17,720 --> 00:27:17,730 remit we know the pyramid trigonal 955 00:27:17,730 --> 00:27:19,549 remit we know the pyramid trigonal bi-pyramidal means i have two trigonal 956 00:27:19,549 --> 00:27:19,559 bi-pyramidal means i have two trigonal 957 00:27:19,559 --> 00:27:22,099 bi-pyramidal means i have two trigonal pyramid i put them base to base to get 958 00:27:22,099 --> 00:27:22,109 pyramid i put them base to base to get 959 00:27:22,109 --> 00:27:24,759 pyramid i put them base to base to get this trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry 960 00:27:24,759 --> 00:27:24,769 this trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry 961 00:27:24,769 --> 00:27:36,499 this trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry trigonal again by pyramidal okay now the 962 00:27:36,499 --> 00:27:36,509 trigonal again by pyramidal okay now the 963 00:27:36,509 --> 00:27:40,190 trigonal again by pyramidal okay now the next is again what happens if I have six 964 00:27:40,190 --> 00:27:40,200 next is again what happens if I have six 965 00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:42,529 next is again what happens if I have six electrons around the central atom how 966 00:27:42,529 --> 00:27:42,539 electrons around the central atom how 967 00:27:42,539 --> 00:27:45,499 electrons around the central atom how should I simply arrange them around the 968 00:27:45,499 --> 00:27:45,509 should I simply arrange them around the 969 00:27:45,509 --> 00:27:47,180 should I simply arrange them around the central atom where I should put them to 970 00:27:47,180 --> 00:27:47,190 central atom where I should put them to 971 00:27:47,190 --> 00:27:49,729 central atom where I should put them to get the minimum repulsion and in that 972 00:27:49,729 --> 00:27:49,739 get the minimum repulsion and in that 973 00:27:49,739 --> 00:27:54,499 get the minimum repulsion and in that cases it would be again as follow six 974 00:27:54,499 --> 00:27:54,509 cases it would be again as follow six 975 00:27:54,509 --> 00:27:57,859 cases it would be again as follow six electron pairs the electron pairs has to 976 00:27:57,859 --> 00:27:57,869 electron pairs the electron pairs has to 977 00:27:57,869 --> 00:28:03,019 electron pairs the electron pairs has to be on the corner of octahedron around 978 00:28:03,019 --> 00:28:03,029 be on the corner of octahedron around 979 00:28:03,029 --> 00:28:05,629 be on the corner of octahedron around the central atom octahedron and the 980 00:28:05,629 --> 00:28:05,639 the central atom octahedron and the 981 00:28:05,639 --> 00:28:08,330 the central atom octahedron and the octahedron is remember a geometry which 982 00:28:08,330 --> 00:28:08,340 octahedron is remember a geometry which 983 00:28:08,340 --> 00:28:11,570 octahedron is remember a geometry which have eight equilateral triangular face 984 00:28:11,570 --> 00:28:11,580 have eight equilateral triangular face 985 00:28:11,580 --> 00:28:14,299 have eight equilateral triangular face right equilateral triangular face so I 986 00:28:14,299 --> 00:28:14,309 right equilateral triangular face so I 987 00:28:14,309 --> 00:28:18,249 right equilateral triangular face so I have simply this over here like this and 988 00:28:18,249 --> 00:28:18,259 have simply this over here like this and 989 00:28:18,259 --> 00:28:24,999 have simply this over here like this and I can combine that again to give the 990 00:28:24,999 --> 00:28:25,009 I can combine that again to give the 991 00:28:25,009 --> 00:28:29,019 I can combine that again to give the octahedron so here the geometry becomes 992 00:28:29,019 --> 00:28:29,029 octahedron so here the geometry becomes 993 00:28:29,029 --> 00:28:34,249 octahedron so here the geometry becomes octahedral octahedral geometry okhla 994 00:28:34,249 --> 00:28:34,259 octahedral octahedral geometry okhla 995 00:28:34,259 --> 00:28:41,849 octahedral octahedral geometry okhla heater geometry now 996 00:28:41,849 --> 00:28:41,859 997 00:28:41,859 --> 00:28:45,459 what is next the next is these are 998 00:28:45,459 --> 00:28:45,469 what is next the next is these are 999 00:28:45,469 --> 00:28:50,589 what is next the next is these are electron pair geometry how about the 1000 00:28:50,589 --> 00:28:50,599 electron pair geometry how about the 1001 00:28:50,599 --> 00:28:53,950 electron pair geometry how about the molecular geometry right regular 1002 00:28:53,950 --> 00:28:53,960 molecular geometry right regular 1003 00:28:53,960 --> 00:28:59,320 molecular geometry right regular geometry now if I know actually the 1004 00:28:59,320 --> 00:28:59,330 geometry now if I know actually the 1005 00:28:59,330 --> 00:29:01,109 geometry now if I know actually the electron pair geometry is I can also 1006 00:29:01,109 --> 00:29:01,119 electron pair geometry is I can also 1007 00:29:01,119 --> 00:29:03,580 electron pair geometry is I can also find the molecular geometries again as 1008 00:29:03,580 --> 00:29:03,590 find the molecular geometries again as 1009 00:29:03,590 --> 00:29:25,930 find the molecular geometries again as follow let's consider the examples okay 1010 00:29:25,930 --> 00:29:25,940 follow let's consider the examples okay 1011 00:29:25,940 --> 00:29:31,259 follow let's consider the examples okay now suppose that i have beryllium 1012 00:29:31,259 --> 00:29:31,269 now suppose that i have beryllium 1013 00:29:31,269 --> 00:29:37,259 now suppose that i have beryllium difluoride molecule what is the geometry 1014 00:29:37,259 --> 00:29:37,269 difluoride molecule what is the geometry 1015 00:29:37,269 --> 00:29:40,409 difluoride molecule what is the geometry right off the barium titanite molecule 1016 00:29:40,409 --> 00:29:40,419 right off the barium titanite molecule 1017 00:29:40,419 --> 00:29:43,479 right off the barium titanite molecule first i will write down the lewis 1018 00:29:43,479 --> 00:29:43,489 first i will write down the lewis 1019 00:29:43,489 --> 00:29:46,509 first i will write down the lewis structure right and if I write down the 1020 00:29:46,509 --> 00:29:46,519 structure right and if I write down the 1021 00:29:46,519 --> 00:29:49,060 structure right and if I write down the lewis structure for beryllium dichloride 1022 00:29:49,060 --> 00:29:49,070 lewis structure for beryllium dichloride 1023 00:29:49,070 --> 00:29:53,289 lewis structure for beryllium dichloride it is again as follow here I have the 1024 00:29:53,289 --> 00:29:53,299 it is again as follow here I have the 1025 00:29:53,299 --> 00:30:00,180 it is again as follow here I have the chlorine and here chlorine like this 1026 00:30:00,180 --> 00:30:00,190 1027 00:30:00,190 --> 00:30:03,609 maybe four right all right like that all 1028 00:30:03,609 --> 00:30:03,619 maybe four right all right like that all 1029 00:30:03,619 --> 00:30:04,560 maybe four right all right like that all right 1030 00:30:04,560 --> 00:30:04,570 right 1031 00:30:04,570 --> 00:30:08,979 right now this lewis structure tells me that i 1032 00:30:08,979 --> 00:30:08,989 now this lewis structure tells me that i 1033 00:30:08,989 --> 00:30:13,149 now this lewis structure tells me that i have two electron pairs around the 1034 00:30:13,149 --> 00:30:13,159 have two electron pairs around the 1035 00:30:13,159 --> 00:30:18,430 have two electron pairs around the central atom right now where should i 1036 00:30:18,430 --> 00:30:18,440 central atom right now where should i 1037 00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:19,839 central atom right now where should i put the electron pairs 1038 00:30:19,839 --> 00:30:19,849 put the electron pairs 1039 00:30:19,849 --> 00:30:22,659 put the electron pairs it's a I have to put the electron pairs 1040 00:30:22,659 --> 00:30:22,669 it's a I have to put the electron pairs 1041 00:30:22,669 --> 00:30:25,749 it's a I have to put the electron pairs in a linear geometry which would be like 1042 00:30:25,749 --> 00:30:25,759 in a linear geometry which would be like 1043 00:30:25,759 --> 00:30:27,879 in a linear geometry which would be like two electrons here and then three 1044 00:30:27,879 --> 00:30:27,889 two electrons here and then three 1045 00:30:27,889 --> 00:30:30,579 two electrons here and then three electrons here this is little bond 1046 00:30:30,579 --> 00:30:30,589 electrons here this is little bond 1047 00:30:30,589 --> 00:30:33,279 electrons here this is little bond distances are exaggerated like this on 1048 00:30:33,279 --> 00:30:33,289 distances are exaggerated like this on 1049 00:30:33,289 --> 00:30:34,409 distances are exaggerated like this on the same line 1050 00:30:34,409 --> 00:30:34,419 the same line 1051 00:30:34,419 --> 00:30:41,549 the same line now the chlorine atoms have to approach 1052 00:30:41,549 --> 00:30:41,559 now the chlorine atoms have to approach 1053 00:30:41,559 --> 00:30:44,769 now the chlorine atoms have to approach in this direction and that direction 1054 00:30:44,769 --> 00:30:44,779 in this direction and that direction 1055 00:30:44,779 --> 00:30:47,950 in this direction and that direction should be somewhere on this line to get 1056 00:30:47,950 --> 00:30:47,960 should be somewhere on this line to get 1057 00:30:47,960 --> 00:30:51,249 should be somewhere on this line to get the maximum overlap or maximum sharing 1058 00:30:51,249 --> 00:30:51,259 the maximum overlap or maximum sharing 1059 00:30:51,259 --> 00:30:55,539 the maximum overlap or maximum sharing between the atoms clear so the chlorine 1060 00:30:55,539 --> 00:30:55,549 between the atoms clear so the chlorine 1061 00:30:55,549 --> 00:30:59,049 between the atoms clear so the chlorine items here will be here like this and it 1062 00:30:59,049 --> 00:30:59,059 items here will be here like this and it 1063 00:30:59,059 --> 00:31:01,299 items here will be here like this and it would be here like this again I have the 1064 00:31:01,299 --> 00:31:01,309 would be here like this again I have the 1065 00:31:01,309 --> 00:31:07,149 would be here like this again I have the electron pair like this now how do I 1066 00:31:07,149 --> 00:31:07,159 electron pair like this now how do I 1067 00:31:07,159 --> 00:31:10,239 electron pair like this now how do I know that again the aim here is to get 1068 00:31:10,239 --> 00:31:10,249 know that again the aim here is to get 1069 00:31:10,249 --> 00:31:14,080 know that again the aim here is to get the maximum overlap if I if I put the 1070 00:31:14,080 --> 00:31:14,090 the maximum overlap if I if I put the 1071 00:31:14,090 --> 00:31:16,299 the maximum overlap if I if I put the chlorine atoms not here on this line but 1072 00:31:16,299 --> 00:31:16,309 chlorine atoms not here on this line but 1073 00:31:16,309 --> 00:31:18,999 chlorine atoms not here on this line but somewhere here like this then the 1074 00:31:18,999 --> 00:31:19,009 somewhere here like this then the 1075 00:31:19,009 --> 00:31:22,149 somewhere here like this then the overlap or sharing of this electron 1076 00:31:22,149 --> 00:31:22,159 overlap or sharing of this electron 1077 00:31:22,159 --> 00:31:25,899 overlap or sharing of this electron pairs will not be maximum between the 1078 00:31:25,899 --> 00:31:25,909 pairs will not be maximum between the 1079 00:31:25,909 --> 00:31:29,590 pairs will not be maximum between the three atoms so again you see the 1080 00:31:29,590 --> 00:31:29,600 three atoms so again you see the 1081 00:31:29,600 --> 00:31:33,430 three atoms so again you see the electron pairs that shared between the 1082 00:31:33,430 --> 00:31:33,440 electron pairs that shared between the 1083 00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:35,369 electron pairs that shared between the center around the central atom 1084 00:31:35,369 --> 00:31:35,379 center around the central atom 1085 00:31:35,379 --> 00:31:37,899 center around the central atom determines the position actually of 1086 00:31:37,899 --> 00:31:37,909 determines the position actually of 1087 00:31:37,909 --> 00:31:39,970 determines the position actually of those electron pairs determines where 1088 00:31:39,970 --> 00:31:39,980 those electron pairs determines where 1089 00:31:39,980 --> 00:31:42,549 those electron pairs determines where will be the terminal atoms that will 1090 00:31:42,549 --> 00:31:42,559 will be the terminal atoms that will 1091 00:31:42,559 --> 00:31:46,419 will be the terminal atoms that will share those electron pairs clear so now 1092 00:31:46,419 --> 00:31:46,429 share those electron pairs clear so now 1093 00:31:46,429 --> 00:31:50,499 share those electron pairs clear so now what is the geometry of the molecular 1094 00:31:50,499 --> 00:31:50,509 what is the geometry of the molecular 1095 00:31:50,509 --> 00:31:52,960 what is the geometry of the molecular geometry in that case molecular geometry 1096 00:31:52,960 --> 00:31:52,970 geometry in that case molecular geometry 1097 00:31:52,970 --> 00:31:56,739 geometry in that case molecular geometry I put it like this and that angle is 180 1098 00:31:56,739 --> 00:31:56,749 I put it like this and that angle is 180 1099 00:31:56,749 --> 00:31:59,169 I put it like this and that angle is 180 degrees the angles are important because 1100 00:31:59,169 --> 00:31:59,179 degrees the angles are important because 1101 00:31:59,179 --> 00:32:01,479 degrees the angles are important because the shape of the molecule or the 1102 00:32:01,479 --> 00:32:01,489 the shape of the molecule or the 1103 00:32:01,489 --> 00:32:02,950 the shape of the molecule or the geometry of the molecule mainly 1104 00:32:02,950 --> 00:32:02,960 geometry of the molecule mainly 1105 00:32:02,960 --> 00:32:05,619 geometry of the molecule mainly determined by the bond angle and this 1106 00:32:05,619 --> 00:32:05,629 determined by the bond angle and this 1107 00:32:05,629 --> 00:32:08,200 determined by the bond angle and this bond angle is 180 what does that means 1108 00:32:08,200 --> 00:32:08,210 bond angle is 180 what does that means 1109 00:32:08,210 --> 00:32:11,560 bond angle is 180 what does that means they means that the molecule is linear 1110 00:32:11,560 --> 00:32:11,570 they means that the molecule is linear 1111 00:32:11,570 --> 00:32:17,590 they means that the molecule is linear you see now the point here is as we 1112 00:32:17,590 --> 00:32:17,600 you see now the point here is as we 1113 00:32:17,600 --> 00:32:20,379 you see now the point here is as we start to determine the molecular 1114 00:32:20,379 --> 00:32:20,389 start to determine the molecular 1115 00:32:20,389 --> 00:32:24,430 start to determine the molecular geometry first we try to find out how 1116 00:32:24,430 --> 00:32:24,440 geometry first we try to find out how 1117 00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:26,830 geometry first we try to find out how many electron pair geometry around the 1118 00:32:26,830 --> 00:32:26,840 many electron pair geometry around the 1119 00:32:26,840 --> 00:32:30,580 many electron pair geometry around the central atom that's the first step where 1120 00:32:30,580 --> 00:32:30,590 central atom that's the first step where 1121 00:32:30,590 --> 00:32:33,190 central atom that's the first step where we find it from the Lewis structure then 1122 00:32:33,190 --> 00:32:33,200 we find it from the Lewis structure then 1123 00:32:33,200 --> 00:32:34,930 we find it from the Lewis structure then depending on the number of electron 1124 00:32:34,930 --> 00:32:34,940 depending on the number of electron 1125 00:32:34,940 --> 00:32:36,599 depending on the number of electron pairs are on the central atom I 1126 00:32:36,599 --> 00:32:36,609 pairs are on the central atom I 1127 00:32:36,609 --> 00:32:40,830 pairs are on the central atom I determine the electron pair geometry 1128 00:32:40,830 --> 00:32:40,840 determine the electron pair geometry 1129 00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:44,369 determine the electron pair geometry around the central atom then I put the 1130 00:32:44,369 --> 00:32:44,379 around the central atom then I put the 1131 00:32:44,379 --> 00:32:46,749 around the central atom then I put the terminal atoms which will share those 1132 00:32:46,749 --> 00:32:46,759 terminal atoms which will share those 1133 00:32:46,759 --> 00:32:48,970 terminal atoms which will share those electron pairs in a position to get 1134 00:32:48,970 --> 00:32:48,980 electron pairs in a position to get 1135 00:32:48,980 --> 00:32:51,849 electron pairs in a position to get maximum overlap maximum share in 1136 00:32:51,849 --> 00:32:51,859 maximum overlap maximum share in 1137 00:32:51,859 --> 00:32:54,580 maximum overlap maximum share in electrons and then then I look at the 1138 00:32:54,580 --> 00:32:54,590 electrons and then then I look at the 1139 00:32:54,590 --> 00:32:58,299 electrons and then then I look at the molecular geometry right so the electron 1140 00:32:58,299 --> 00:32:58,309 molecular geometry right so the electron 1141 00:32:58,309 --> 00:33:00,779 molecular geometry right so the electron pair geometry when I consider the 1142 00:33:00,779 --> 00:33:00,789 pair geometry when I consider the 1143 00:33:00,789 --> 00:33:04,210 pair geometry when I consider the geometry of this molecule I never think 1144 00:33:04,210 --> 00:33:04,220 geometry of this molecule I never think 1145 00:33:04,220 --> 00:33:08,019 geometry of this molecule I never think about electron pairs what I think about 1146 00:33:08,019 --> 00:33:08,029 about electron pairs what I think about 1147 00:33:08,029 --> 00:33:09,539 about electron pairs what I think about what I simply 1148 00:33:09,539 --> 00:33:09,549 what I simply 1149 00:33:09,549 --> 00:33:12,720 what I simply consider the positions of the atoms with 1150 00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:12,730 consider the positions of the atoms with 1151 00:33:12,730 --> 00:33:14,460 consider the positions of the atoms with respect to each other in a 1152 00:33:14,460 --> 00:33:14,470 respect to each other in a 1153 00:33:14,470 --> 00:33:17,940 respect to each other in a three-dimensional space and again bond 1154 00:33:17,940 --> 00:33:17,950 three-dimensional space and again bond 1155 00:33:17,950 --> 00:33:20,220 three-dimensional space and again bond angles simply determines that so I say 1156 00:33:20,220 --> 00:33:20,230 angles simply determines that so I say 1157 00:33:20,230 --> 00:33:23,850 angles simply determines that so I say that the beryllium dichloride is a 1158 00:33:23,850 --> 00:33:23,860 that the beryllium dichloride is a 1159 00:33:23,860 --> 00:33:28,830 that the beryllium dichloride is a linear molecule clear very simple very 1160 00:33:28,830 --> 00:33:28,840 linear molecule clear very simple very 1161 00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:32,119 linear molecule clear very simple very very simple again now let's say consider 1162 00:33:32,119 --> 00:33:32,129 very simple again now let's say consider 1163 00:33:32,129 --> 00:33:36,539 very simple again now let's say consider boron trifluoride right boron 1164 00:33:36,539 --> 00:33:36,549 boron trifluoride right boron 1165 00:33:36,549 --> 00:33:38,940 boron trifluoride right boron trifluoride first we write down the 1166 00:33:38,940 --> 00:33:38,950 trifluoride first we write down the 1167 00:33:38,950 --> 00:33:40,830 trifluoride first we write down the Lewis structure again the Lewis 1168 00:33:40,830 --> 00:33:40,840 Lewis structure again the Lewis 1169 00:33:40,840 --> 00:33:44,609 Lewis structure again the Lewis structure is as follow we have the 1170 00:33:44,609 --> 00:33:44,619 structure is as follow we have the 1171 00:33:44,619 --> 00:33:48,029 structure is as follow we have the fluorines fluorines like this and we 1172 00:33:48,029 --> 00:33:48,039 fluorines fluorines like this and we 1173 00:33:48,039 --> 00:33:50,609 fluorines fluorines like this and we have the electron pairs but those are 1174 00:33:50,609 --> 00:33:50,619 have the electron pairs but those are 1175 00:33:50,619 --> 00:33:52,200 have the electron pairs but those are actually not important important ones 1176 00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:52,210 actually not important important ones 1177 00:33:52,210 --> 00:33:54,060 actually not important important ones are the number of electron pairs around 1178 00:33:54,060 --> 00:33:54,070 are the number of electron pairs around 1179 00:33:54,070 --> 00:33:57,659 are the number of electron pairs around the central atom right and goes like 1180 00:33:57,659 --> 00:33:57,669 the central atom right and goes like 1181 00:33:57,669 --> 00:34:02,009 the central atom right and goes like this electrons I complete the Lewis 1182 00:34:02,009 --> 00:34:02,019 this electrons I complete the Lewis 1183 00:34:02,019 --> 00:34:07,200 this electrons I complete the Lewis structure now how many electron pairs 1 1184 00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:07,210 structure now how many electron pairs 1 1185 00:34:07,210 --> 00:34:10,829 structure now how many electron pairs 1 2 3 where I should put those electron 1186 00:34:10,829 --> 00:34:10,839 2 3 where I should put those electron 1187 00:34:10,839 --> 00:34:12,419 2 3 where I should put those electron pairs around the central atom to get 1188 00:34:12,419 --> 00:34:12,429 pairs around the central atom to get 1189 00:34:12,429 --> 00:34:14,940 pairs around the central atom to get minimum repulsions on the corner of a 1190 00:34:14,940 --> 00:34:14,950 minimum repulsions on the corner of a 1191 00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:18,359 minimum repulsions on the corner of a trigonal equilateral triangle right 1192 00:34:18,359 --> 00:34:18,369 trigonal equilateral triangle right 1193 00:34:18,369 --> 00:34:20,789 trigonal equilateral triangle right equilateral triangle then I say alright 1194 00:34:20,789 --> 00:34:20,799 equilateral triangle then I say alright 1195 00:34:20,799 --> 00:34:23,309 equilateral triangle then I say alright let me take that here 1196 00:34:23,309 --> 00:34:23,319 let me take that here 1197 00:34:23,319 --> 00:34:27,809 let me take that here boron and equilateral triangle two 1198 00:34:27,809 --> 00:34:27,819 boron and equilateral triangle two 1199 00:34:27,819 --> 00:34:30,720 boron and equilateral triangle two electrons here two electrons there two 1200 00:34:30,720 --> 00:34:30,730 electrons here two electrons there two 1201 00:34:30,730 --> 00:34:34,680 electrons here two electrons there two electron here angle here is 120 degrees 1202 00:34:34,680 --> 00:34:34,690 electron here angle here is 120 degrees 1203 00:34:34,690 --> 00:34:38,369 electron here angle here is 120 degrees all of the angles are 120 degrees like 1204 00:34:38,369 --> 00:34:38,379 all of the angles are 120 degrees like 1205 00:34:38,379 --> 00:34:43,409 all of the angles are 120 degrees like this right now next is to put the 1206 00:34:43,409 --> 00:34:43,419 this right now next is to put the 1207 00:34:43,419 --> 00:34:45,530 this right now next is to put the fluorine where should I put the fluorine 1208 00:34:45,530 --> 00:34:45,540 fluorine where should I put the fluorine 1209 00:34:45,540 --> 00:34:48,450 fluorine where should I put the fluorine logically I can say that if I put the 1210 00:34:48,450 --> 00:34:48,460 logically I can say that if I put the 1211 00:34:48,460 --> 00:34:49,139 logically I can say that if I put the fluorines 1212 00:34:49,139 --> 00:34:49,149 fluorines 1213 00:34:49,149 --> 00:34:52,470 fluorines on the line of the central atom and this 1214 00:34:52,470 --> 00:34:52,480 on the line of the central atom and this 1215 00:34:52,480 --> 00:34:55,379 on the line of the central atom and this lone pair or electron pair that will be 1216 00:34:55,379 --> 00:34:55,389 lone pair or electron pair that will be 1217 00:34:55,389 --> 00:34:57,450 lone pair or electron pair that will be shared right over here I will get the 1218 00:34:57,450 --> 00:34:57,460 shared right over here I will get the 1219 00:34:57,460 --> 00:34:59,700 shared right over here I will get the maximum overlap and maximum Sharon so 1220 00:34:59,700 --> 00:34:59,710 maximum overlap and maximum Sharon so 1221 00:34:59,710 --> 00:35:02,700 maximum overlap and maximum Sharon so the fluorine will be over here and the 1222 00:35:02,700 --> 00:35:02,710 the fluorine will be over here and the 1223 00:35:02,710 --> 00:35:04,620 the fluorine will be over here and the other fluorine will be here on this line 1224 00:35:04,620 --> 00:35:04,630 other fluorine will be here on this line 1225 00:35:04,630 --> 00:35:06,510 other fluorine will be here on this line and the other fluorine will be here on 1226 00:35:06,510 --> 00:35:06,520 and the other fluorine will be here on 1227 00:35:06,520 --> 00:35:09,539 and the other fluorine will be here on that line so then they share this 1228 00:35:09,539 --> 00:35:09,549 that line so then they share this 1229 00:35:09,549 --> 00:35:12,809 that line so then they share this electron here so how about the final 1230 00:35:12,809 --> 00:35:12,819 electron here so how about the final 1231 00:35:12,819 --> 00:35:15,059 electron here so how about the final shape of the molecule the final shape of 1232 00:35:15,059 --> 00:35:15,069 shape of the molecule the final shape of 1233 00:35:15,069 --> 00:35:16,589 shape of the molecule the final shape of the molecule will be again as follow 1234 00:35:16,589 --> 00:35:16,599 the molecule will be again as follow 1235 00:35:16,599 --> 00:35:20,609 the molecule will be again as follow I have fluorine chlorine and fluorine 1236 00:35:20,609 --> 00:35:20,619 I have fluorine chlorine and fluorine 1237 00:35:20,619 --> 00:35:23,170 I have fluorine chlorine and fluorine and the angles are 120 1238 00:35:23,170 --> 00:35:23,180 and the angles are 120 1239 00:35:23,180 --> 00:35:27,250 and the angles are 120 degrees 120 degrees like this and the 1240 00:35:27,250 --> 00:35:27,260 degrees 120 degrees like this and the 1241 00:35:27,260 --> 00:35:33,339 degrees 120 degrees like this and the shape of the molecule is trigonal planar 1242 00:35:33,339 --> 00:35:33,349 shape of the molecule is trigonal planar 1243 00:35:33,349 --> 00:35:35,890 shape of the molecule is trigonal planar right we call a trigonal planar what 1244 00:35:35,890 --> 00:35:35,900 right we call a trigonal planar what 1245 00:35:35,900 --> 00:35:38,589 right we call a trigonal planar what does that means that means all the atoms 1246 00:35:38,589 --> 00:35:38,599 does that means that means all the atoms 1247 00:35:38,599 --> 00:35:41,770 does that means that means all the atoms are on the same plane and the terminal 1248 00:35:41,770 --> 00:35:41,780 are on the same plane and the terminal 1249 00:35:41,780 --> 00:35:43,750 are on the same plane and the terminal atoms are on the corner of an 1250 00:35:43,750 --> 00:35:43,760 atoms are on the corner of an 1251 00:35:43,760 --> 00:35:46,780 atoms are on the corner of an equilateral triangle and the central 1252 00:35:46,780 --> 00:35:46,790 equilateral triangle and the central 1253 00:35:46,790 --> 00:35:48,819 equilateral triangle and the central atom is again in the center of this 1254 00:35:48,819 --> 00:35:48,829 atom is again in the center of this 1255 00:35:48,829 --> 00:35:51,880 atom is again in the center of this equilateral triangle right that's what 1256 00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:51,890 equilateral triangle right that's what 1257 00:35:51,890 --> 00:35:53,260 equilateral triangle right that's what it is okay 1258 00:35:53,260 --> 00:35:53,270 it is okay 1259 00:35:53,270 --> 00:35:56,829 it is okay now the electron pair geometry here is 1260 00:35:56,829 --> 00:35:56,839 now the electron pair geometry here is 1261 00:35:56,839 --> 00:36:00,609 now the electron pair geometry here is linear and the molecular geometry is 1262 00:36:00,609 --> 00:36:00,619 linear and the molecular geometry is 1263 00:36:00,619 --> 00:36:04,240 linear and the molecular geometry is also linear electron pair geometry here 1264 00:36:04,240 --> 00:36:04,250 also linear electron pair geometry here 1265 00:36:04,250 --> 00:36:08,020 also linear electron pair geometry here is trigonal trigonal planar molecular 1266 00:36:08,020 --> 00:36:08,030 is trigonal trigonal planar molecular 1267 00:36:08,030 --> 00:36:11,859 is trigonal trigonal planar molecular geometry is also trigonal planar now the 1268 00:36:11,859 --> 00:36:11,869 geometry is also trigonal planar now the 1269 00:36:11,869 --> 00:36:15,520 geometry is also trigonal planar now the question is are the electron pair 1270 00:36:15,520 --> 00:36:15,530 question is are the electron pair 1271 00:36:15,530 --> 00:36:19,960 question is are the electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry are 1272 00:36:19,960 --> 00:36:19,970 geometry and the molecular geometry are 1273 00:36:19,970 --> 00:36:20,980 geometry and the molecular geometry are always the same 1274 00:36:20,980 --> 00:36:20,990 always the same 1275 00:36:20,990 --> 00:36:27,579 always the same no if I have lone pair electrons around 1276 00:36:27,579 --> 00:36:27,589 no if I have lone pair electrons around 1277 00:36:27,589 --> 00:36:30,450 no if I have lone pair electrons around the central atom that means the 1278 00:36:30,450 --> 00:36:30,460 the central atom that means the 1279 00:36:30,460 --> 00:36:33,789 the central atom that means the electrons that are not shared between 1280 00:36:33,789 --> 00:36:33,799 electrons that are not shared between 1281 00:36:33,799 --> 00:36:36,220 electrons that are not shared between two atoms both belong only one atom in 1282 00:36:36,220 --> 00:36:36,230 two atoms both belong only one atom in 1283 00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:41,470 two atoms both belong only one atom in that case the electron pair geometry and 1284 00:36:41,470 --> 00:36:41,480 that case the electron pair geometry and 1285 00:36:41,480 --> 00:36:46,030 that case the electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry are different are 1286 00:36:46,030 --> 00:36:46,040 the molecular geometry are different are 1287 00:36:46,040 --> 00:36:49,720 the molecular geometry are different are different right now let's look at those 1288 00:36:49,720 --> 00:36:49,730 different right now let's look at those 1289 00:36:49,730 --> 00:37:08,599 different right now let's look at those examples 1290 00:37:08,599 --> 00:37:08,609 1291 00:37:08,609 --> 00:37:20,880 now uh ting dichlorite okay I guess take 1292 00:37:20,880 --> 00:37:20,890 now uh ting dichlorite okay I guess take 1293 00:37:20,890 --> 00:37:27,839 now uh ting dichlorite okay I guess take another example let's consider one more 1294 00:37:27,839 --> 00:37:27,849 another example let's consider one more 1295 00:37:27,849 --> 00:37:29,999 another example let's consider one more I guess that would be better now let's 1296 00:37:29,999 --> 00:37:30,009 I guess that would be better now let's 1297 00:37:30,009 --> 00:37:38,729 I guess that would be better now let's let's take the ch4 okay what is the 1298 00:37:38,729 --> 00:37:38,739 let's take the ch4 okay what is the 1299 00:37:38,739 --> 00:37:42,419 let's take the ch4 okay what is the molecular geometry if I write down the 1300 00:37:42,419 --> 00:37:42,429 molecular geometry if I write down the 1301 00:37:42,429 --> 00:37:52,380 molecular geometry if I write down the Lewis structure this is like this number 1302 00:37:52,380 --> 00:37:52,390 Lewis structure this is like this number 1303 00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:55,109 Lewis structure this is like this number of electron pairs around the central 1304 00:37:55,109 --> 00:37:55,119 of electron pairs around the central 1305 00:37:55,119 --> 00:37:59,400 of electron pairs around the central atom for electron pair geometry let's 1306 00:37:59,400 --> 00:37:59,410 atom for electron pair geometry let's 1307 00:37:59,410 --> 00:38:03,739 atom for electron pair geometry let's say electron pair geometry is 1308 00:38:03,739 --> 00:38:03,749 say electron pair geometry is 1309 00:38:03,749 --> 00:38:10,849 say electron pair geometry is tetrahedral right tetrahedral 1310 00:38:10,849 --> 00:38:10,859 1311 00:38:10,859 --> 00:38:14,489 tetrahedral now how about the molecular 1312 00:38:14,489 --> 00:38:14,499 tetrahedral now how about the molecular 1313 00:38:14,499 --> 00:38:18,509 tetrahedral now how about the molecular geometry now by the same approach I can 1314 00:38:18,509 --> 00:38:18,519 geometry now by the same approach I can 1315 00:38:18,519 --> 00:38:21,959 geometry now by the same approach I can take the carbon over here their electron 1316 00:38:21,959 --> 00:38:21,969 take the carbon over here their electron 1317 00:38:21,969 --> 00:38:24,799 take the carbon over here their electron pairs are on the corner of a tetrahedron 1318 00:38:24,799 --> 00:38:24,809 pairs are on the corner of a tetrahedron 1319 00:38:24,809 --> 00:38:26,999 pairs are on the corner of a tetrahedron that's what the tetrahedral geometry 1320 00:38:26,999 --> 00:38:27,009 that's what the tetrahedral geometry 1321 00:38:27,009 --> 00:38:32,609 that's what the tetrahedral geometry tells me right on it on the vertices on 1322 00:38:32,609 --> 00:38:32,619 tells me right on it on the vertices on 1323 00:38:32,619 --> 00:38:36,659 tells me right on it on the vertices on the vertices of the simply tetrahedron 1324 00:38:36,659 --> 00:38:36,669 the vertices of the simply tetrahedron 1325 00:38:36,669 --> 00:38:41,609 the vertices of the simply tetrahedron like this now the hydrogen's should 1326 00:38:41,609 --> 00:38:41,619 like this now the hydrogen's should 1327 00:38:41,619 --> 00:38:46,109 like this now the hydrogen's should approach in this line here this carbon 1328 00:38:46,109 --> 00:38:46,119 approach in this line here this carbon 1329 00:38:46,119 --> 00:38:50,159 approach in this line here this carbon and lone pair to get the maximum Sharon 1330 00:38:50,159 --> 00:38:50,169 and lone pair to get the maximum Sharon 1331 00:38:50,169 --> 00:38:53,519 and lone pair to get the maximum Sharon and this should also be in this line 1332 00:38:53,519 --> 00:38:53,529 and this should also be in this line 1333 00:38:53,529 --> 00:38:56,759 and this should also be in this line here to get the maximum Sharon and this 1334 00:38:56,759 --> 00:38:56,769 here to get the maximum Sharon and this 1335 00:38:56,769 --> 00:38:59,969 here to get the maximum Sharon and this is also be here in this line to get the 1336 00:38:59,969 --> 00:38:59,979 is also be here in this line to get the 1337 00:38:59,979 --> 00:39:02,819 is also be here in this line to get the maximum Sharon another one here to get 1338 00:39:02,819 --> 00:39:02,829 maximum Sharon another one here to get 1339 00:39:02,829 --> 00:39:05,909 maximum Sharon another one here to get the maximum Sharon as a result the 1340 00:39:05,909 --> 00:39:05,919 the maximum Sharon as a result the 1341 00:39:05,919 --> 00:39:09,140 the maximum Sharon as a result the molecular geometry becomes also 1342 00:39:09,140 --> 00:39:09,150 molecular geometry becomes also 1343 00:39:09,150 --> 00:39:12,120 molecular geometry becomes also tetrahedral right molecular geometry 1344 00:39:12,120 --> 00:39:12,130 tetrahedral right molecular geometry 1345 00:39:12,130 --> 00:39:14,279 tetrahedral right molecular geometry becomes also tetrahedral so let's write 1346 00:39:14,279 --> 00:39:14,289 becomes also tetrahedral so let's write 1347 00:39:14,289 --> 00:39:15,600 becomes also tetrahedral so let's write it down over here 1348 00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:15,610 it down over here 1349 00:39:15,610 --> 00:39:19,940 it down over here and this is the molecular geometry 1350 00:39:19,940 --> 00:39:19,950 1351 00:39:19,950 --> 00:39:24,780 tetrahedral like this and that's that's 1352 00:39:24,780 --> 00:39:24,790 tetrahedral like this and that's that's 1353 00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:28,200 tetrahedral like this and that's that's it now in case of tetrahedral how about 1354 00:39:28,200 --> 00:39:28,210 it now in case of tetrahedral how about 1355 00:39:28,210 --> 00:39:32,700 it now in case of tetrahedral how about the angles here the angles are 109.5 1356 00:39:32,700 --> 00:39:32,710 the angles here the angles are 109.5 1357 00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:39,900 the angles here the angles are 109.5 degrees right 109 109 point five degrees 1358 00:39:39,900 --> 00:39:39,910 degrees right 109 109 point five degrees 1359 00:39:39,910 --> 00:39:45,330 degrees right 109 109 point five degrees and this one 109.5 degrees all angles 1360 00:39:45,330 --> 00:39:45,340 and this one 109.5 degrees all angles 1361 00:39:45,340 --> 00:39:49,980 and this one 109.5 degrees all angles are equal and 109.5 degrees in this case 1362 00:39:49,980 --> 00:39:49,990 are equal and 109.5 degrees in this case 1363 00:39:49,990 --> 00:39:52,830 are equal and 109.5 degrees in this case so in other examples where we have the 1364 00:39:52,830 --> 00:39:52,840 so in other examples where we have the 1365 00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:56,700 so in other examples where we have the electron pair geometry and the molecular 1366 00:39:56,700 --> 00:39:56,710 electron pair geometry and the molecular 1367 00:39:56,710 --> 00:39:59,490 electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry are the same why because 1368 00:39:59,490 --> 00:39:59,500 geometry are the same why because 1369 00:39:59,500 --> 00:40:02,430 geometry are the same why because there's no lone pair electrons lone pair 1370 00:40:02,430 --> 00:40:02,440 there's no lone pair electrons lone pair 1371 00:40:02,440 --> 00:40:15,890 there's no lone pair electrons lone pair electrons now let's consider ammonia 1372 00:40:15,890 --> 00:40:15,900 1373 00:40:15,900 --> 00:40:19,290 molecule right alright first we will 1374 00:40:19,290 --> 00:40:19,300 molecule right alright first we will 1375 00:40:19,300 --> 00:40:20,670 molecule right alright first we will write down the lewis structure for 1376 00:40:20,670 --> 00:40:20,680 write down the lewis structure for 1377 00:40:20,680 --> 00:40:23,580 write down the lewis structure for ammonia and the lewis structure is again 1378 00:40:23,580 --> 00:40:23,590 ammonia and the lewis structure is again 1379 00:40:23,590 --> 00:40:29,190 ammonia and the lewis structure is again as follow we know that simply i have a 1380 00:40:29,190 --> 00:40:29,200 as follow we know that simply i have a 1381 00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:37,320 as follow we know that simply i have a lone pair there now how many electron 1382 00:40:37,320 --> 00:40:37,330 lone pair there now how many electron 1383 00:40:37,330 --> 00:40:41,490 lone pair there now how many electron pairs around the central atom 4 electron 1384 00:40:41,490 --> 00:40:41,500 pairs around the central atom 4 electron 1385 00:40:41,500 --> 00:40:44,100 pairs around the central atom 4 electron pairs right so the electron pair 1386 00:40:44,100 --> 00:40:44,110 pairs right so the electron pair 1387 00:40:44,110 --> 00:40:55,620 pairs right so the electron pair geometry electron pair geometry electron 1388 00:40:55,620 --> 00:40:55,630 geometry electron pair geometry electron 1389 00:40:55,630 --> 00:40:59,790 geometry electron pair geometry electron pair geometry will be what tetrahedral 1390 00:40:59,790 --> 00:40:59,800 pair geometry will be what tetrahedral 1391 00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:07,950 pair geometry will be what tetrahedral right tetrahedral tetrahedral how about 1392 00:41:07,950 --> 00:41:07,960 right tetrahedral tetrahedral how about 1393 00:41:07,960 --> 00:41:10,710 right tetrahedral tetrahedral how about the molecular geometry ok let's look at 1394 00:41:10,710 --> 00:41:10,720 the molecular geometry ok let's look at 1395 00:41:10,720 --> 00:41:13,080 the molecular geometry ok let's look at where will be them how will be the 1396 00:41:13,080 --> 00:41:13,090 where will be them how will be the 1397 00:41:13,090 --> 00:41:15,210 where will be them how will be the molecular geometry and that's is going 1398 00:41:15,210 --> 00:41:15,220 molecular geometry and that's is going 1399 00:41:15,220 --> 00:41:17,700 molecular geometry and that's is going to be hydrogen's hydrogen and that's the 1400 00:41:17,700 --> 00:41:17,710 to be hydrogen's hydrogen and that's the 1401 00:41:17,710 --> 00:41:21,630 to be hydrogen's hydrogen and that's the lone pair electrons there right so you 1402 00:41:21,630 --> 00:41:21,640 lone pair electrons there right so you 1403 00:41:21,640 --> 00:41:28,930 lone pair electrons there right so you see again the hydrogen have to approach 1404 00:41:28,930 --> 00:41:28,940 see again the hydrogen have to approach 1405 00:41:28,940 --> 00:41:32,710 see again the hydrogen have to approach or should be in a position on the line 1406 00:41:32,710 --> 00:41:32,720 or should be in a position on the line 1407 00:41:32,720 --> 00:41:36,010 or should be in a position on the line which simply combines the central atom 1408 00:41:36,010 --> 00:41:36,020 which simply combines the central atom 1409 00:41:36,020 --> 00:41:38,800 which simply combines the central atom and the electron pairs that electron 1410 00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:38,810 and the electron pairs that electron 1411 00:41:38,810 --> 00:41:40,720 and the electron pairs that electron pairs and this should be also the same 1412 00:41:40,720 --> 00:41:40,730 pairs and this should be also the same 1413 00:41:40,730 --> 00:41:42,460 pairs and this should be also the same that should be also the same but that 1414 00:41:42,460 --> 00:41:42,470 that should be also the same but that 1415 00:41:42,470 --> 00:41:45,339 that should be also the same but that electron pairs is unshared there's no 1416 00:41:45,339 --> 00:41:45,349 electron pairs is unshared there's no 1417 00:41:45,349 --> 00:41:47,680 electron pairs is unshared there's no hydrogen's there right now what about 1418 00:41:47,680 --> 00:41:47,690 hydrogen's there right now what about 1419 00:41:47,690 --> 00:41:50,380 hydrogen's there right now what about the angles the angle here normally it 1420 00:41:50,380 --> 00:41:50,390 the angles the angle here normally it 1421 00:41:50,390 --> 00:41:53,950 the angles the angle here normally it has to be what 109.5 degrees this is 1422 00:41:53,950 --> 00:41:53,960 has to be what 109.5 degrees this is 1423 00:41:53,960 --> 00:41:57,220 has to be what 109.5 degrees this is ideally this is also 109 this is all 109 1424 00:41:57,220 --> 00:41:57,230 ideally this is also 109 this is all 109 1425 00:41:57,230 --> 00:42:00,099 ideally this is also 109 this is all 109 and the geometry the electron pair 1426 00:42:00,099 --> 00:42:00,109 and the geometry the electron pair 1427 00:42:00,109 --> 00:42:03,089 and the geometry the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral how about the 1428 00:42:03,089 --> 00:42:03,099 geometry is tetrahedral how about the 1429 00:42:03,099 --> 00:42:06,849 geometry is tetrahedral how about the molecular geometry molecular geometry 1430 00:42:06,849 --> 00:42:06,859 molecular geometry molecular geometry 1431 00:42:06,859 --> 00:42:11,890 molecular geometry molecular geometry will be considered by only thinking 1432 00:42:11,890 --> 00:42:11,900 will be considered by only thinking 1433 00:42:11,900 --> 00:42:14,020 will be considered by only thinking about the positions of nitrogen and 1434 00:42:14,020 --> 00:42:14,030 about the positions of nitrogen and 1435 00:42:14,030 --> 00:42:17,040 about the positions of nitrogen and these three hydrogen's and that is 1436 00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:17,050 these three hydrogen's and that is 1437 00:42:17,050 --> 00:42:21,430 these three hydrogen's and that is trigonal pyramid right trigonal pyramid 1438 00:42:21,430 --> 00:42:21,440 trigonal pyramid right trigonal pyramid 1439 00:42:21,440 --> 00:42:24,720 trigonal pyramid right trigonal pyramid so the Electra the molecular geometry 1440 00:42:24,720 --> 00:42:24,730 so the Electra the molecular geometry 1441 00:42:24,730 --> 00:42:30,309 so the Electra the molecular geometry molecular geometry the molecular 1442 00:42:30,309 --> 00:42:30,319 molecular geometry the molecular 1443 00:42:30,319 --> 00:42:38,700 molecular geometry the molecular geometry is trigonal trigonal pyramidal 1444 00:42:38,700 --> 00:42:38,710 1445 00:42:38,710 --> 00:42:45,700 now here is the again question how about 1446 00:42:45,700 --> 00:42:45,710 now here is the again question how about 1447 00:42:45,710 --> 00:42:49,329 now here is the again question how about the bond angles that means what is the 1448 00:42:49,329 --> 00:42:49,339 the bond angles that means what is the 1449 00:42:49,339 --> 00:42:50,980 the bond angles that means what is the bond angle between this hydrogen 1450 00:42:50,980 --> 00:42:50,990 bond angle between this hydrogen 1451 00:42:50,990 --> 00:42:52,750 bond angle between this hydrogen nitrogen and this hydrogen over here and 1452 00:42:52,750 --> 00:42:52,760 nitrogen and this hydrogen over here and 1453 00:42:52,760 --> 00:42:56,650 nitrogen and this hydrogen over here and that one and so on now normally it 1454 00:42:56,650 --> 00:42:56,660 that one and so on now normally it 1455 00:42:56,660 --> 00:43:02,010 that one and so on now normally it should be what 109.5 but in reality this 1456 00:43:02,010 --> 00:43:02,020 should be what 109.5 but in reality this 1457 00:43:02,020 --> 00:43:08,559 should be what 109.5 but in reality this angle in fact is less than 109.5 like in 1458 00:43:08,559 --> 00:43:08,569 angle in fact is less than 109.5 like in 1459 00:43:08,569 --> 00:43:12,040 angle in fact is less than 109.5 like in the case of methane case right less than 1460 00:43:12,040 --> 00:43:12,050 the case of methane case right less than 1461 00:43:12,050 --> 00:43:15,099 the case of methane case right less than this and the angle actually becomes it's 1462 00:43:15,099 --> 00:43:15,109 this and the angle actually becomes it's 1463 00:43:15,109 --> 00:43:17,829 this and the angle actually becomes it's a little bit sort of the hydrogen is 1464 00:43:17,829 --> 00:43:17,839 a little bit sort of the hydrogen is 1465 00:43:17,839 --> 00:43:24,700 a little bit sort of the hydrogen is shifted down and the angle this angle is 1466 00:43:24,700 --> 00:43:24,710 shifted down and the angle this angle is 1467 00:43:24,710 --> 00:43:29,050 shifted down and the angle this angle is 107 degrees and that angle is also 107 1468 00:43:29,050 --> 00:43:29,060 107 degrees and that angle is also 107 1469 00:43:29,060 --> 00:43:31,030 107 degrees and that angle is also 107 degrees and the other one is also 107 1470 00:43:31,030 --> 00:43:31,040 degrees and the other one is also 107 1471 00:43:31,040 --> 00:43:34,329 degrees and the other one is also 107 degrees so it's like this right and this 1472 00:43:34,329 --> 00:43:34,339 degrees so it's like this right and this 1473 00:43:34,339 --> 00:43:36,880 degrees so it's like this right and this is a trigonal pyramidal and the angles 1474 00:43:36,880 --> 00:43:36,890 is a trigonal pyramidal and the angles 1475 00:43:36,890 --> 00:43:38,400 is a trigonal pyramidal and the angles are little bit 1476 00:43:38,400 --> 00:43:38,410 are little bit 1477 00:43:38,410 --> 00:43:41,190 are little bit less than what we expect from the 1478 00:43:41,190 --> 00:43:41,200 less than what we expect from the 1479 00:43:41,200 --> 00:43:44,480 less than what we expect from the tetrahedron electron pair geometry why 1480 00:43:44,480 --> 00:43:44,490 tetrahedron electron pair geometry why 1481 00:43:44,490 --> 00:43:48,450 tetrahedron electron pair geometry why because this electron pair lone pair 1482 00:43:48,450 --> 00:43:48,460 because this electron pair lone pair 1483 00:43:48,460 --> 00:43:52,260 because this electron pair lone pair electrons occupies a larger space than 1484 00:43:52,260 --> 00:43:52,270 electrons occupies a larger space than 1485 00:43:52,270 --> 00:43:55,319 electrons occupies a larger space than the shared electron pairs and because of 1486 00:43:55,319 --> 00:43:55,329 the shared electron pairs and because of 1487 00:43:55,329 --> 00:43:58,079 the shared electron pairs and because of that lone pair electron 1488 00:43:58,079 --> 00:43:58,089 that lone pair electron 1489 00:43:58,089 --> 00:44:01,380 that lone pair electron simply repels the bonding pair electrons 1490 00:44:01,380 --> 00:44:01,390 simply repels the bonding pair electrons 1491 00:44:01,390 --> 00:44:05,130 simply repels the bonding pair electrons down and closes the angle and makes it 1492 00:44:05,130 --> 00:44:05,140 down and closes the angle and makes it 1493 00:44:05,140 --> 00:44:07,140 down and closes the angle and makes it 107 instead of 109 1494 00:44:07,140 --> 00:44:07,150 107 instead of 109 1495 00:44:07,150 --> 00:44:11,160 107 instead of 109 right so that is the difference in fact 1496 00:44:11,160 --> 00:44:11,170 right so that is the difference in fact 1497 00:44:11,170 --> 00:44:14,490 right so that is the difference in fact between methane and this ammonia 1498 00:44:14,490 --> 00:44:14,500 between methane and this ammonia 1499 00:44:14,500 --> 00:44:18,150 between methane and this ammonia molecule so you see again the electron 1500 00:44:18,150 --> 00:44:18,160 molecule so you see again the electron 1501 00:44:18,160 --> 00:44:21,020 molecule so you see again the electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry 1502 00:44:21,020 --> 00:44:21,030 pair geometry and the molecular geometry 1503 00:44:21,030 --> 00:44:25,829 pair geometry and the molecular geometry are different why I have lone pair 1504 00:44:25,829 --> 00:44:25,839 are different why I have lone pair 1505 00:44:25,839 --> 00:44:29,670 are different why I have lone pair electrons clear lone pair electrons 1506 00:44:29,670 --> 00:44:29,680 electrons clear lone pair electrons 1507 00:44:29,680 --> 00:44:36,960 electrons clear lone pair electrons okay now let's can continue and consider 1508 00:44:36,960 --> 00:44:36,970 okay now let's can continue and consider 1509 00:44:36,970 --> 00:44:45,070 okay now let's can continue and consider another molecule 1510 00:44:45,070 --> 00:44:45,080 1511 00:44:45,080 --> 00:44:53,230 and that is water right so if I take the 1512 00:44:53,230 --> 00:44:53,240 and that is water right so if I take the 1513 00:44:53,240 --> 00:44:57,730 and that is water right so if I take the water and I have simply write down the 1514 00:44:57,730 --> 00:44:57,740 water and I have simply write down the 1515 00:44:57,740 --> 00:45:00,220 water and I have simply write down the Lewis structure the Lewis structure will 1516 00:45:00,220 --> 00:45:00,230 Lewis structure the Lewis structure will 1517 00:45:00,230 --> 00:45:01,180 Lewis structure the Lewis structure will be as follow 1518 00:45:01,180 --> 00:45:01,190 be as follow 1519 00:45:01,190 --> 00:45:05,050 be as follow I have hydrogen here like this and two 1520 00:45:05,050 --> 00:45:05,060 I have hydrogen here like this and two 1521 00:45:05,060 --> 00:45:11,680 I have hydrogen here like this and two lone pairs and another hydrogen right so 1522 00:45:11,680 --> 00:45:11,690 lone pairs and another hydrogen right so 1523 00:45:11,690 --> 00:45:13,890 lone pairs and another hydrogen right so what is the electron pair geometry 1524 00:45:13,890 --> 00:45:13,900 what is the electron pair geometry 1525 00:45:13,900 --> 00:45:17,730 what is the electron pair geometry around the oxygen 1526 00:45:17,730 --> 00:45:17,740 around the oxygen 1527 00:45:17,740 --> 00:45:24,100 around the oxygen yes tetrahedral why four if I have four 1528 00:45:24,100 --> 00:45:24,110 yes tetrahedral why four if I have four 1529 00:45:24,110 --> 00:45:27,400 yes tetrahedral why four if I have four electron pairs it is always tetrahedral 1530 00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:27,410 electron pairs it is always tetrahedral 1531 00:45:27,410 --> 00:45:30,340 electron pairs it is always tetrahedral to get what minimum repulsions mineral 1532 00:45:30,340 --> 00:45:30,350 to get what minimum repulsions mineral 1533 00:45:30,350 --> 00:45:32,430 to get what minimum repulsions mineral repulsions so the electron pair geometry 1534 00:45:32,430 --> 00:45:32,440 repulsions so the electron pair geometry 1535 00:45:32,440 --> 00:45:40,570 repulsions so the electron pair geometry electron pair geometry is tetrahedral 1536 00:45:40,570 --> 00:45:40,580 electron pair geometry is tetrahedral 1537 00:45:40,580 --> 00:45:45,100 electron pair geometry is tetrahedral just the same as ammonia and just the 1538 00:45:45,100 --> 00:45:45,110 just the same as ammonia and just the 1539 00:45:45,110 --> 00:45:49,330 just the same as ammonia and just the same as methane molecule right four 1540 00:45:49,330 --> 00:45:49,340 same as methane molecule right four 1541 00:45:49,340 --> 00:45:51,220 same as methane molecule right four electron pairs tetrahedral electron pair 1542 00:45:51,220 --> 00:45:51,230 electron pairs tetrahedral electron pair 1543 00:45:51,230 --> 00:45:52,240 electron pairs tetrahedral electron pair geometry saturator 1544 00:45:52,240 --> 00:45:52,250 geometry saturator 1545 00:45:52,250 --> 00:45:56,080 geometry saturator but when I consider the molecular 1546 00:45:56,080 --> 00:45:56,090 but when I consider the molecular 1547 00:45:56,090 --> 00:46:00,880 but when I consider the molecular geometry I only consider the atoms no 1548 00:46:00,880 --> 00:46:00,890 geometry I only consider the atoms no 1549 00:46:00,890 --> 00:46:02,770 geometry I only consider the atoms no lone pair electrons or abundant pair 1550 00:46:02,770 --> 00:46:02,780 lone pair electrons or abundant pair 1551 00:46:02,780 --> 00:46:07,690 lone pair electrons or abundant pair electrons so now the molecular geometry 1552 00:46:07,690 --> 00:46:07,700 electrons so now the molecular geometry 1553 00:46:07,700 --> 00:46:11,590 electrons so now the molecular geometry here is V shape or it is called bent 1554 00:46:11,590 --> 00:46:11,600 here is V shape or it is called bent 1555 00:46:11,600 --> 00:46:14,710 here is V shape or it is called bent it's simply like this right so I have 1556 00:46:14,710 --> 00:46:14,720 it's simply like this right so I have 1557 00:46:14,720 --> 00:46:16,990 it's simply like this right so I have the oxygen here hydrogen there hydrogen 1558 00:46:16,990 --> 00:46:17,000 the oxygen here hydrogen there hydrogen 1559 00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:19,240 the oxygen here hydrogen there hydrogen there question is what will be this 1560 00:46:19,240 --> 00:46:19,250 there question is what will be this 1561 00:46:19,250 --> 00:46:21,900 there question is what will be this angle do I have an idea about that 1562 00:46:21,900 --> 00:46:21,910 angle do I have an idea about that 1563 00:46:21,910 --> 00:46:25,930 angle do I have an idea about that actually it should be 109.5 like in 1564 00:46:25,930 --> 00:46:25,940 actually it should be 109.5 like in 1565 00:46:25,940 --> 00:46:28,000 actually it should be 109.5 like in methane case because if I have a 1566 00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:28,010 methane case because if I have a 1567 00:46:28,010 --> 00:46:29,890 methane case because if I have a tetrahedral arrangement of the electron 1568 00:46:29,890 --> 00:46:29,900 tetrahedral arrangement of the electron 1569 00:46:29,900 --> 00:46:32,170 tetrahedral arrangement of the electron pairs around the central atom the angles 1570 00:46:32,170 --> 00:46:32,180 pairs around the central atom the angles 1571 00:46:32,180 --> 00:46:36,850 pairs around the central atom the angles in fact is 109.5 but in this case the 1572 00:46:36,850 --> 00:46:36,860 in fact is 109.5 but in this case the 1573 00:46:36,860 --> 00:46:42,370 in fact is 109.5 but in this case the angle is 105 some way about fo not 105 1574 00:46:42,370 --> 00:46:42,380 angle is 105 some way about fo not 105 1575 00:46:42,380 --> 00:46:47,920 angle is 105 some way about fo not 105 degrees degrees and what does that means 1576 00:46:47,920 --> 00:46:47,930 degrees degrees and what does that means 1577 00:46:47,930 --> 00:46:51,400 degrees degrees and what does that means that means it's even smaller than the 1578 00:46:51,400 --> 00:46:51,410 that means it's even smaller than the 1579 00:46:51,410 --> 00:46:54,520 that means it's even smaller than the ammonia case the bond angle Y you can 1580 00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:54,530 ammonia case the bond angle Y you can 1581 00:46:54,530 --> 00:46:56,800 ammonia case the bond angle Y you can easily predict it in the case of ammonia 1582 00:46:56,800 --> 00:46:56,810 easily predict it in the case of ammonia 1583 00:46:56,810 --> 00:46:58,630 easily predict it in the case of ammonia I have one lone 1584 00:46:58,630 --> 00:46:58,640 I have one lone 1585 00:46:58,640 --> 00:47:00,940 I have one lone electrons on the nitrogen central atom 1586 00:47:00,940 --> 00:47:00,950 electrons on the nitrogen central atom 1587 00:47:00,950 --> 00:47:03,730 electrons on the nitrogen central atom but in the case of water I have two long 1588 00:47:03,730 --> 00:47:03,740 but in the case of water I have two long 1589 00:47:03,740 --> 00:47:06,430 but in the case of water I have two long pair lectrons like this and those lone 1590 00:47:06,430 --> 00:47:06,440 pair lectrons like this and those lone 1591 00:47:06,440 --> 00:47:08,980 pair lectrons like this and those lone pair electrons push the bonding pairs 1592 00:47:08,980 --> 00:47:08,990 pair electrons push the bonding pairs 1593 00:47:08,990 --> 00:47:11,589 pair electrons push the bonding pairs closer to each other and the angle 1594 00:47:11,589 --> 00:47:11,599 closer to each other and the angle 1595 00:47:11,599 --> 00:47:15,339 closer to each other and the angle becomes 105 which is less than even for 1596 00:47:15,339 --> 00:47:15,349 becomes 105 which is less than even for 1597 00:47:15,349 --> 00:47:20,380 becomes 105 which is less than even for the ammonia cases so you see again B let 1598 00:47:20,380 --> 00:47:20,390 the ammonia cases so you see again B let 1599 00:47:20,390 --> 00:47:22,299 the ammonia cases so you see again B let me write it down here the molecular 1600 00:47:22,299 --> 00:47:22,309 me write it down here the molecular 1601 00:47:22,309 --> 00:47:31,920 me write it down here the molecular geometry molecular geometry is V shape 1602 00:47:31,920 --> 00:47:31,930 geometry molecular geometry is V shape 1603 00:47:31,930 --> 00:47:40,029 geometry molecular geometry is V shape we call it V shape or bent both are used 1604 00:47:40,029 --> 00:47:40,039 we call it V shape or bent both are used 1605 00:47:40,039 --> 00:47:43,599 we call it V shape or bent both are used in fact for this type of molecule V 1606 00:47:43,599 --> 00:47:43,609 in fact for this type of molecule V 1607 00:47:43,609 --> 00:47:47,740 in fact for this type of molecule V shape or bent okay I guess we will stop 1608 00:47:47,740 --> 00:47:47,750 shape or bent okay I guess we will stop 1609 00:47:47,750 --> 00:47:54,940 shape or bent okay I guess we will stop here any questions so we will continue 1610 00:47:54,940 --> 00:47:54,950 here any questions so we will continue 1611 00:47:54,950 --> 00:47:57,279 here any questions so we will continue on Monday 1612 00:47:57,279 --> 00:47:57,289 on Monday 1613 00:47:57,289 --> 00:48:00,789 on Monday from this point on