1 00:00:09,559 --> 00:00:13,270 okay good afternoon let's start where we 2 00:00:13,270 --> 00:00:13,280 okay good afternoon let's start where we 3 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:17,300 okay good afternoon let's start where we left last time remember chapter 9 we 4 00:00:17,300 --> 00:00:17,310 left last time remember chapter 9 we 5 00:00:17,310 --> 00:00:19,010 left last time remember chapter 9 we have started chapter 9 let's try to 6 00:00:19,010 --> 00:00:19,020 have started chapter 9 let's try to 7 00:00:19,020 --> 00:00:23,990 have started chapter 9 let's try to refresh our memories and remember what 8 00:00:23,990 --> 00:00:24,000 refresh our memories and remember what 9 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:26,840 refresh our memories and remember what we did last time remember again this 10 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:26,850 we did last time remember again this 11 00:00:26,850 --> 00:00:30,740 we did last time remember again this chapter is about molecular geometry and 12 00:00:30,740 --> 00:00:30,750 chapter is about molecular geometry and 13 00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:36,500 chapter is about molecular geometry and bonding theories so first we will talk 14 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:36,510 bonding theories so first we will talk 15 00:00:36,510 --> 00:00:38,450 bonding theories so first we will talk about the molecular geometry or 16 00:00:38,450 --> 00:00:38,460 about the molecular geometry or 17 00:00:38,460 --> 00:00:40,729 about the molecular geometry or molecular shape these are exactly the 18 00:00:40,729 --> 00:00:40,739 molecular shape these are exactly the 19 00:00:40,739 --> 00:00:43,270 molecular shape these are exactly the same things actually and they are 20 00:00:43,270 --> 00:00:43,280 same things actually and they are 21 00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:49,729 same things actually and they are determined by the bond angles and also 22 00:00:49,729 --> 00:00:49,739 determined by the bond angles and also 23 00:00:49,739 --> 00:00:53,090 determined by the bond angles and also the bond lengths particularly the size 24 00:00:53,090 --> 00:00:53,100 the bond lengths particularly the size 25 00:00:53,100 --> 00:00:55,369 the bond lengths particularly the size and the shape of the molecules is 26 00:00:55,369 --> 00:00:55,379 and the shape of the molecules is 27 00:00:55,379 --> 00:00:57,979 and the shape of the molecules is determined by these two factors bond 28 00:00:57,979 --> 00:00:57,989 determined by these two factors bond 29 00:00:57,989 --> 00:01:02,000 determined by these two factors bond angles and bond length now if we have 30 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:02,010 angles and bond length now if we have 31 00:01:02,010 --> 00:01:05,180 angles and bond length now if we have simply two atoms molecule the structure 32 00:01:05,180 --> 00:01:05,190 simply two atoms molecule the structure 33 00:01:05,190 --> 00:01:09,140 simply two atoms molecule the structure is simple because it's a linear molecule 34 00:01:09,140 --> 00:01:09,150 is simple because it's a linear molecule 35 00:01:09,150 --> 00:01:11,960 is simple because it's a linear molecule there will be no other way to put the 36 00:01:11,960 --> 00:01:11,970 there will be no other way to put the 37 00:01:11,970 --> 00:01:14,210 there will be no other way to put the two atoms other than putting them on the 38 00:01:14,210 --> 00:01:14,220 two atoms other than putting them on the 39 00:01:14,220 --> 00:01:16,220 two atoms other than putting them on the same line so this structure will be 40 00:01:16,220 --> 00:01:16,230 same line so this structure will be 41 00:01:16,230 --> 00:01:18,220 same line so this structure will be linear but when you have more than two 42 00:01:18,220 --> 00:01:18,230 linear but when you have more than two 43 00:01:18,230 --> 00:01:21,320 linear but when you have more than two atoms in a molecule as we said last time 44 00:01:21,320 --> 00:01:21,330 atoms in a molecule as we said last time 45 00:01:21,330 --> 00:01:25,730 atoms in a molecule as we said last time then the structure of the molecule may 46 00:01:25,730 --> 00:01:25,740 then the structure of the molecule may 47 00:01:25,740 --> 00:01:29,300 then the structure of the molecule may not be predicted directly from the Lewis 48 00:01:29,300 --> 00:01:29,310 not be predicted directly from the Lewis 49 00:01:29,310 --> 00:01:31,700 not be predicted directly from the Lewis structure again you can have the Lewis 50 00:01:31,700 --> 00:01:31,710 structure again you can have the Lewis 51 00:01:31,710 --> 00:01:33,680 structure again you can have the Lewis structure of the molecule but the Lewis 52 00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:33,690 structure of the molecule but the Lewis 53 00:01:33,690 --> 00:01:35,630 structure of the molecule but the Lewis structure does not directly tells you 54 00:01:35,630 --> 00:01:35,640 structure does not directly tells you 55 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:37,970 structure does not directly tells you the geometry or the shape of the 56 00:01:37,970 --> 00:01:37,980 the geometry or the shape of the 57 00:01:37,980 --> 00:01:38,690 the geometry or the shape of the molecule 58 00:01:38,690 --> 00:01:38,700 molecule 59 00:01:38,700 --> 00:01:40,700 molecule right because the Lewis structures is 60 00:01:40,700 --> 00:01:40,710 right because the Lewis structures is 61 00:01:40,710 --> 00:01:43,550 right because the Lewis structures is sort of a two dimensional structures and 62 00:01:43,550 --> 00:01:43,560 sort of a two dimensional structures and 63 00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:46,010 sort of a two dimensional structures and we put all the atoms on the same plane 64 00:01:46,010 --> 00:01:46,020 we put all the atoms on the same plane 65 00:01:46,020 --> 00:01:49,130 we put all the atoms on the same plane and put the lone pair electrons but as 66 00:01:49,130 --> 00:01:49,140 and put the lone pair electrons but as 67 00:01:49,140 --> 00:01:51,800 and put the lone pair electrons but as we said last time if we know the Lewis 68 00:01:51,800 --> 00:01:51,810 we said last time if we know the Lewis 69 00:01:51,810 --> 00:01:54,800 we said last time if we know the Lewis structure of a molecule we can simply 70 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:54,810 structure of a molecule we can simply 71 00:01:54,810 --> 00:01:57,190 structure of a molecule we can simply predict the geometry of the molecule 72 00:01:57,190 --> 00:01:57,200 predict the geometry of the molecule 73 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:00,320 predict the geometry of the molecule geometry of the molecule and the 74 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:00,330 geometry of the molecule and the 75 00:02:00,330 --> 00:02:03,800 geometry of the molecule and the approach is very very simple as I show 76 00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:03,810 approach is very very simple as I show 77 00:02:03,810 --> 00:02:07,940 approach is very very simple as I show you last time first we consider the 78 00:02:07,940 --> 00:02:07,950 you last time first we consider the 79 00:02:07,950 --> 00:02:11,119 you last time first we consider the number of electron pairs around the 80 00:02:11,119 --> 00:02:11,129 number of electron pairs around the 81 00:02:11,129 --> 00:02:13,430 number of electron pairs around the central atom in the Lewis structure of 82 00:02:13,430 --> 00:02:13,440 central atom in the Lewis structure of 83 00:02:13,440 --> 00:02:17,660 central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule so these electron pairs may 84 00:02:17,660 --> 00:02:17,670 the molecule so these electron pairs may 85 00:02:17,670 --> 00:02:20,120 the molecule so these electron pairs may be bonding pairs or lone pairs the just 86 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:20,130 be bonding pairs or lone pairs the just 87 00:02:20,130 --> 00:02:23,740 be bonding pairs or lone pairs the just the number of electron pairs now 88 00:02:23,740 --> 00:02:23,750 the number of electron pairs now 89 00:02:23,750 --> 00:02:27,050 the number of electron pairs now to get the minimum repulsions between 90 00:02:27,050 --> 00:02:27,060 to get the minimum repulsions between 91 00:02:27,060 --> 00:02:30,340 to get the minimum repulsions between these electron pairs the calculation 92 00:02:30,340 --> 00:02:30,350 these electron pairs the calculation 93 00:02:30,350 --> 00:02:33,200 these electron pairs the calculation coulombs calculation tells us that we 94 00:02:33,200 --> 00:02:33,210 coulombs calculation tells us that we 95 00:02:33,210 --> 00:02:36,890 coulombs calculation tells us that we have to put the electron pairs in a such 96 00:02:36,890 --> 00:02:36,900 have to put the electron pairs in a such 97 00:02:36,900 --> 00:02:39,530 have to put the electron pairs in a such a way to get minimum repulsions in 98 00:02:39,530 --> 00:02:39,540 a way to get minimum repulsions in 99 00:02:39,540 --> 00:02:41,210 a way to get minimum repulsions in three-dimensional space in 100 00:02:41,210 --> 00:02:41,220 three-dimensional space in 101 00:02:41,220 --> 00:02:43,130 three-dimensional space in three-dimensional space so if you have 102 00:02:43,130 --> 00:02:43,140 three-dimensional space so if you have 103 00:02:43,140 --> 00:02:46,730 three-dimensional space so if you have for example only three electron pairs 104 00:02:46,730 --> 00:02:46,740 for example only three electron pairs 105 00:02:46,740 --> 00:02:49,280 for example only three electron pairs around the central atom to get minimum 106 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:49,290 around the central atom to get minimum 107 00:02:49,290 --> 00:02:52,130 around the central atom to get minimum repulsions will be put in those on the 108 00:02:52,130 --> 00:02:52,140 repulsions will be put in those on the 109 00:02:52,140 --> 00:02:55,190 repulsions will be put in those on the corner of an equilateral triangle those 110 00:02:55,190 --> 00:02:55,200 corner of an equilateral triangle those 111 00:02:55,200 --> 00:02:57,320 corner of an equilateral triangle those electron pairs and if you have two 112 00:02:57,320 --> 00:02:57,330 electron pairs and if you have two 113 00:02:57,330 --> 00:02:59,270 electron pairs and if you have two electron pairs around the central atom 114 00:02:59,270 --> 00:02:59,280 electron pairs around the central atom 115 00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:03,020 electron pairs around the central atom you have to put those across on a line 116 00:03:03,020 --> 00:03:03,030 you have to put those across on a line 117 00:03:03,030 --> 00:03:05,420 you have to put those across on a line it's simply passing through the central 118 00:03:05,420 --> 00:03:05,430 it's simply passing through the central 119 00:03:05,430 --> 00:03:09,170 it's simply passing through the central atom so to get that minimum rapport 120 00:03:09,170 --> 00:03:09,180 atom so to get that minimum rapport 121 00:03:09,180 --> 00:03:11,540 atom so to get that minimum rapport shion's and the structure of the 122 00:03:11,540 --> 00:03:11,550 shion's and the structure of the 123 00:03:11,550 --> 00:03:13,970 shion's and the structure of the electron pairs will be linear if you 124 00:03:13,970 --> 00:03:13,980 electron pairs will be linear if you 125 00:03:13,980 --> 00:03:16,010 electron pairs will be linear if you have four electron pairs around the 126 00:03:16,010 --> 00:03:16,020 have four electron pairs around the 127 00:03:16,020 --> 00:03:18,650 have four electron pairs around the central atom again the calculation says 128 00:03:18,650 --> 00:03:18,660 central atom again the calculation says 129 00:03:18,660 --> 00:03:20,600 central atom again the calculation says that to get the minimum repulsions 130 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:20,610 that to get the minimum repulsions 131 00:03:20,610 --> 00:03:22,910 that to get the minimum repulsions we have to put those electron pairs 132 00:03:22,910 --> 00:03:22,920 we have to put those electron pairs 133 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:26,950 we have to put those electron pairs around the central atom on a corner of a 134 00:03:26,950 --> 00:03:26,960 around the central atom on a corner of a 135 00:03:26,960 --> 00:03:30,200 around the central atom on a corner of a tetrahedron tetrahedron and a 136 00:03:30,200 --> 00:03:30,210 tetrahedron tetrahedron and a 137 00:03:30,210 --> 00:03:32,270 tetrahedron tetrahedron and a tetrahedron again is a three-dimensional 138 00:03:32,270 --> 00:03:32,280 tetrahedron again is a three-dimensional 139 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:36,410 tetrahedron again is a three-dimensional geometry and it has four faces and all 140 00:03:36,410 --> 00:03:36,420 geometry and it has four faces and all 141 00:03:36,420 --> 00:03:39,740 geometry and it has four faces and all faces are equal equilateral triangles 142 00:03:39,740 --> 00:03:39,750 faces are equal equilateral triangles 143 00:03:39,750 --> 00:03:41,390 faces are equal equilateral triangles they are all the same equilateral 144 00:03:41,390 --> 00:03:41,400 they are all the same equilateral 145 00:03:41,400 --> 00:03:44,980 they are all the same equilateral triangles and there are angles actually 146 00:03:44,980 --> 00:03:44,990 triangles and there are angles actually 147 00:03:44,990 --> 00:03:48,410 triangles and there are angles actually like over here if I have simply two 148 00:03:48,410 --> 00:03:48,420 like over here if I have simply two 149 00:03:48,420 --> 00:03:53,270 like over here if I have simply two electron pairs I can put those I should 150 00:03:53,270 --> 00:03:53,280 electron pairs I can put those I should 151 00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:57,830 electron pairs I can put those I should put those one over here one here on the 152 00:03:57,830 --> 00:03:57,840 put those one over here one here on the 153 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:00,440 put those one over here one here on the same line so simply electron pair 154 00:04:00,440 --> 00:04:00,450 same line so simply electron pair 155 00:04:00,450 --> 00:04:03,110 same line so simply electron pair geometry becomes linear now if I have 156 00:04:03,110 --> 00:04:03,120 geometry becomes linear now if I have 157 00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:04,940 geometry becomes linear now if I have three electron pairs around the central 158 00:04:04,940 --> 00:04:04,950 three electron pairs around the central 159 00:04:04,950 --> 00:04:06,830 three electron pairs around the central atom then we have to put those on the 160 00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:06,840 atom then we have to put those on the 161 00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:08,960 atom then we have to put those on the corner of an equilateral triangle then 162 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:08,970 corner of an equilateral triangle then 163 00:04:08,970 --> 00:04:12,950 corner of an equilateral triangle then we simply we get the minimum repulsions 164 00:04:12,950 --> 00:04:12,960 we simply we get the minimum repulsions 165 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:16,250 we simply we get the minimum repulsions and the shape becomes a triangular 166 00:04:16,250 --> 00:04:16,260 and the shape becomes a triangular 167 00:04:16,260 --> 00:04:19,940 and the shape becomes a triangular planar and all angles are 120 degrees 168 00:04:19,940 --> 00:04:19,950 planar and all angles are 120 degrees 169 00:04:19,950 --> 00:04:23,120 planar and all angles are 120 degrees actually and if I have four electron 170 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:23,130 actually and if I have four electron 171 00:04:23,130 --> 00:04:25,490 actually and if I have four electron pairs as we said last time you have to 172 00:04:25,490 --> 00:04:25,500 pairs as we said last time you have to 173 00:04:25,500 --> 00:04:28,280 pairs as we said last time you have to put them on the corner of a tetrahedron 174 00:04:28,280 --> 00:04:28,290 put them on the corner of a tetrahedron 175 00:04:28,290 --> 00:04:30,950 put them on the corner of a tetrahedron this is the tetrahedron and they are all 176 00:04:30,950 --> 00:04:30,960 this is the tetrahedron and they are all 177 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:33,290 this is the tetrahedron and they are all equivalent all of these electron pairs 178 00:04:33,290 --> 00:04:33,300 equivalent all of these electron pairs 179 00:04:33,300 --> 00:04:35,810 equivalent all of these electron pairs are equivalent in terms of positions and 180 00:04:35,810 --> 00:04:35,820 are equivalent in terms of positions and 181 00:04:35,820 --> 00:04:37,399 are equivalent in terms of positions and these are also 182 00:04:37,399 --> 00:04:37,409 these are also 183 00:04:37,409 --> 00:04:39,499 these are also equivalent and these are also equivalent 184 00:04:39,499 --> 00:04:39,509 equivalent and these are also equivalent 185 00:04:39,509 --> 00:04:43,159 equivalent and these are also equivalent in terms of positions so the angles here 186 00:04:43,159 --> 00:04:43,169 in terms of positions so the angles here 187 00:04:43,169 --> 00:04:46,040 in terms of positions so the angles here all are equal and that's one of nine 188 00:04:46,040 --> 00:04:46,050 all are equal and that's one of nine 189 00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:48,889 all are equal and that's one of nine point five degrees bump angles in 190 00:04:48,889 --> 00:04:48,899 point five degrees bump angles in 191 00:04:48,899 --> 00:04:52,009 point five degrees bump angles in tetrahedral for the electron pair 192 00:04:52,009 --> 00:04:52,019 tetrahedral for the electron pair 193 00:04:52,019 --> 00:04:57,769 tetrahedral for the electron pair geometry is actually all 109.5 degrees 194 00:04:57,769 --> 00:04:57,779 geometry is actually all 109.5 degrees 195 00:04:57,779 --> 00:05:02,209 geometry is actually all 109.5 degrees now if I have five electron pairs around 196 00:05:02,209 --> 00:05:02,219 now if I have five electron pairs around 197 00:05:02,219 --> 00:05:05,209 now if I have five electron pairs around the central atom again the electrostatic 198 00:05:05,209 --> 00:05:05,219 the central atom again the electrostatic 199 00:05:05,219 --> 00:05:07,339 the central atom again the electrostatic consideration tells me that if I put 200 00:05:07,339 --> 00:05:07,349 consideration tells me that if I put 201 00:05:07,349 --> 00:05:09,999 consideration tells me that if I put those electron pairs on the corner of 202 00:05:09,999 --> 00:05:10,009 those electron pairs on the corner of 203 00:05:10,009 --> 00:05:14,659 those electron pairs on the corner of trigonal bi pyramid actually we get the 204 00:05:14,659 --> 00:05:14,669 trigonal bi pyramid actually we get the 205 00:05:14,669 --> 00:05:17,239 trigonal bi pyramid actually we get the minimum repulsions so this is the 206 00:05:17,239 --> 00:05:17,249 minimum repulsions so this is the 207 00:05:17,249 --> 00:05:18,589 minimum repulsions so this is the trigonal bipyramid 208 00:05:18,589 --> 00:05:18,599 trigonal bipyramid 209 00:05:18,599 --> 00:05:20,809 trigonal bipyramid and this is simply the base which is the 210 00:05:20,809 --> 00:05:20,819 and this is simply the base which is the 211 00:05:20,819 --> 00:05:23,179 and this is simply the base which is the kool aid through triangle right here so 212 00:05:23,179 --> 00:05:23,189 kool aid through triangle right here so 213 00:05:23,189 --> 00:05:25,999 kool aid through triangle right here so this is 120 degrees at 120 degrees these 214 00:05:25,999 --> 00:05:26,009 this is 120 degrees at 120 degrees these 215 00:05:26,009 --> 00:05:28,639 this is 120 degrees at 120 degrees these are actual positions that's 90 degrees 216 00:05:28,639 --> 00:05:28,649 are actual positions that's 90 degrees 217 00:05:28,649 --> 00:05:31,159 are actual positions that's 90 degrees now the difference here between these 218 00:05:31,159 --> 00:05:31,169 now the difference here between these 219 00:05:31,169 --> 00:05:35,389 now the difference here between these and that is as follows here all electron 220 00:05:35,389 --> 00:05:35,399 and that is as follows here all electron 221 00:05:35,399 --> 00:05:38,709 and that is as follows here all electron pairs in all these three geometries are 222 00:05:38,709 --> 00:05:38,719 pairs in all these three geometries are 223 00:05:38,719 --> 00:05:41,299 pairs in all these three geometries are equivalent they are exactly the same 224 00:05:41,299 --> 00:05:41,309 equivalent they are exactly the same 225 00:05:41,309 --> 00:05:42,829 equivalent they are exactly the same position in terms of positions 226 00:05:42,829 --> 00:05:42,839 position in terms of positions 227 00:05:42,839 --> 00:05:44,929 position in terms of positions environment and so on but now when we 228 00:05:44,929 --> 00:05:44,939 environment and so on but now when we 229 00:05:44,939 --> 00:05:49,429 environment and so on but now when we get to this it simply trigonal 230 00:05:49,429 --> 00:05:49,439 get to this it simply trigonal 231 00:05:49,439 --> 00:05:52,549 get to this it simply trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry we have two sets 232 00:05:52,549 --> 00:05:52,559 bi-pyramidal geometry we have two sets 233 00:05:52,559 --> 00:05:55,219 bi-pyramidal geometry we have two sets of equivalent electron pairs and that is 234 00:05:55,219 --> 00:05:55,229 of equivalent electron pairs and that is 235 00:05:55,229 --> 00:05:59,419 of equivalent electron pairs and that is these two are one equivalent set and 236 00:05:59,419 --> 00:05:59,429 these two are one equivalent set and 237 00:05:59,429 --> 00:06:01,639 these two are one equivalent set and these three over here are the other 238 00:06:01,639 --> 00:06:01,649 these three over here are the other 239 00:06:01,649 --> 00:06:04,299 these three over here are the other equivalent set and these electron pairs 240 00:06:04,299 --> 00:06:04,309 equivalent set and these electron pairs 241 00:06:04,309 --> 00:06:08,509 equivalent set and these electron pairs here are called axial electron pairs on 242 00:06:08,509 --> 00:06:08,519 here are called axial electron pairs on 243 00:06:08,519 --> 00:06:10,879 here are called axial electron pairs on the axes simply which is perpendicular 244 00:06:10,879 --> 00:06:10,889 the axes simply which is perpendicular 245 00:06:10,889 --> 00:06:13,549 the axes simply which is perpendicular to this equilateral triangle and these 246 00:06:13,549 --> 00:06:13,559 to this equilateral triangle and these 247 00:06:13,559 --> 00:06:17,559 to this equilateral triangle and these are these three here are called equally 248 00:06:17,559 --> 00:06:17,569 are these three here are called equally 249 00:06:17,569 --> 00:06:20,869 are these three here are called equally equatorial electron pairs or equatorial 250 00:06:20,869 --> 00:06:20,879 equatorial electron pairs or equatorial 251 00:06:20,879 --> 00:06:22,909 equatorial electron pairs or equatorial positions so we have two different 252 00:06:22,909 --> 00:06:22,919 positions so we have two different 253 00:06:22,919 --> 00:06:26,269 positions so we have two different positions axial and equatorial and again 254 00:06:26,269 --> 00:06:26,279 positions axial and equatorial and again 255 00:06:26,279 --> 00:06:28,729 positions axial and equatorial and again the angles these are 90 degrees and this 256 00:06:28,729 --> 00:06:28,739 the angles these are 90 degrees and this 257 00:06:28,739 --> 00:06:32,029 the angles these are 90 degrees and this is 120 hundred and 20 and so on now if I 258 00:06:32,029 --> 00:06:32,039 is 120 hundred and 20 and so on now if I 259 00:06:32,039 --> 00:06:34,999 is 120 hundred and 20 and so on now if I have six electron pairs around the 260 00:06:34,999 --> 00:06:35,009 have six electron pairs around the 261 00:06:35,009 --> 00:06:37,759 have six electron pairs around the central atom as we said last time to get 262 00:06:37,759 --> 00:06:37,769 central atom as we said last time to get 263 00:06:37,769 --> 00:06:39,709 central atom as we said last time to get the minimum repulsions I have to put 264 00:06:39,709 --> 00:06:39,719 the minimum repulsions I have to put 265 00:06:39,719 --> 00:06:43,779 the minimum repulsions I have to put them on the corner of an octahedron 266 00:06:43,779 --> 00:06:43,789 them on the corner of an octahedron 267 00:06:43,789 --> 00:06:48,709 them on the corner of an octahedron octahedron is this geometry here and it 268 00:06:48,709 --> 00:06:48,719 octahedron is this geometry here and it 269 00:06:48,719 --> 00:06:50,870 octahedron is this geometry here and it has simply 270 00:06:50,870 --> 00:06:50,880 has simply 271 00:06:50,880 --> 00:06:55,100 has simply eight faces and all faces are equal and 272 00:06:55,100 --> 00:06:55,110 eight faces and all faces are equal and 273 00:06:55,110 --> 00:06:58,000 eight faces and all faces are equal and they're all equilateral triangles 274 00:06:58,000 --> 00:06:58,010 they're all equilateral triangles 275 00:06:58,010 --> 00:07:01,850 they're all equilateral triangles equilateral triangles so the angles in 276 00:07:01,850 --> 00:07:01,860 equilateral triangles so the angles in 277 00:07:01,860 --> 00:07:06,320 equilateral triangles so the angles in simply octahedral geometry are all 90 278 00:07:06,320 --> 00:07:06,330 simply octahedral geometry are all 90 279 00:07:06,330 --> 00:07:10,040 simply octahedral geometry are all 90 degrees and again all of these electron 280 00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:10,050 degrees and again all of these electron 281 00:07:10,050 --> 00:07:13,490 degrees and again all of these electron pairs are equivalent they are all the 282 00:07:13,490 --> 00:07:13,500 pairs are equivalent they are all the 283 00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:15,320 pairs are equivalent they are all the same it really doesn't matter which one 284 00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:15,330 same it really doesn't matter which one 285 00:07:15,330 --> 00:07:16,520 same it really doesn't matter which one you take but they're all the same 286 00:07:16,520 --> 00:07:16,530 you take but they're all the same 287 00:07:16,530 --> 00:07:19,220 you take but they're all the same equivalent in terms of their environment 288 00:07:19,220 --> 00:07:19,230 equivalent in terms of their environment 289 00:07:19,230 --> 00:07:21,140 equivalent in terms of their environment in terms of their interactions with the 290 00:07:21,140 --> 00:07:21,150 in terms of their interactions with the 291 00:07:21,150 --> 00:07:24,260 in terms of their interactions with the surroundings and so on now after this we 292 00:07:24,260 --> 00:07:24,270 surroundings and so on now after this we 293 00:07:24,270 --> 00:07:27,500 surroundings and so on now after this we said that once you know the electron 294 00:07:27,500 --> 00:07:27,510 said that once you know the electron 295 00:07:27,510 --> 00:07:32,380 said that once you know the electron pair geometry then you can also 296 00:07:32,380 --> 00:07:32,390 pair geometry then you can also 297 00:07:32,390 --> 00:07:36,770 pair geometry then you can also determine or predict the plays of the 298 00:07:36,770 --> 00:07:36,780 determine or predict the plays of the 299 00:07:36,780 --> 00:07:40,040 determine or predict the plays of the terminal atoms which are bonded to the 300 00:07:40,040 --> 00:07:40,050 terminal atoms which are bonded to the 301 00:07:40,050 --> 00:07:43,610 terminal atoms which are bonded to the central atom by sharing these electron 302 00:07:43,610 --> 00:07:43,620 central atom by sharing these electron 303 00:07:43,620 --> 00:07:47,540 central atom by sharing these electron pairs so to get the maximum sharing 304 00:07:47,540 --> 00:07:47,550 pairs so to get the maximum sharing 305 00:07:47,550 --> 00:07:49,910 pairs so to get the maximum sharing actually for example in this case we 306 00:07:49,910 --> 00:07:49,920 actually for example in this case we 307 00:07:49,920 --> 00:07:52,190 actually for example in this case we have to have if you have two terminal 308 00:07:52,190 --> 00:07:52,200 have to have if you have two terminal 309 00:07:52,200 --> 00:07:54,440 have to have if you have two terminal atoms if both of these electron pairs 310 00:07:54,440 --> 00:07:54,450 atoms if both of these electron pairs 311 00:07:54,450 --> 00:07:57,500 atoms if both of these electron pairs are shared so one of the terminal atoms 312 00:07:57,500 --> 00:07:57,510 are shared so one of the terminal atoms 313 00:07:57,510 --> 00:08:00,350 are shared so one of the terminal atoms should be here on this line again and 314 00:08:00,350 --> 00:08:00,360 should be here on this line again and 315 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:02,870 should be here on this line again and this query should be here on that line 316 00:08:02,870 --> 00:08:02,880 this query should be here on that line 317 00:08:02,880 --> 00:08:06,730 this query should be here on that line that means that the molecular geometry 318 00:08:06,730 --> 00:08:06,740 that means that the molecular geometry 319 00:08:06,740 --> 00:08:11,840 that means that the molecular geometry which only accounts the positions of the 320 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:11,850 which only accounts the positions of the 321 00:08:11,850 --> 00:08:14,780 which only accounts the positions of the atoms not the electron pairs will be 322 00:08:14,780 --> 00:08:14,790 atoms not the electron pairs will be 323 00:08:14,790 --> 00:08:18,620 atoms not the electron pairs will be linear again here right so that simply 324 00:08:18,620 --> 00:08:18,630 linear again here right so that simply 325 00:08:18,630 --> 00:08:21,200 linear again here right so that simply means the positions of the electron 326 00:08:21,200 --> 00:08:21,210 means the positions of the electron 327 00:08:21,210 --> 00:08:24,190 means the positions of the electron pairs around the central atom also 328 00:08:24,190 --> 00:08:24,200 pairs around the central atom also 329 00:08:24,200 --> 00:08:28,940 pairs around the central atom also determines the positions of the atoms 330 00:08:28,940 --> 00:08:28,950 determines the positions of the atoms 331 00:08:28,950 --> 00:08:31,570 determines the positions of the atoms which are bonded to the central atom 332 00:08:31,570 --> 00:08:31,580 which are bonded to the central atom 333 00:08:31,580 --> 00:08:36,350 which are bonded to the central atom right central atom and here again the 334 00:08:36,350 --> 00:08:36,360 right central atom and here again the 335 00:08:36,360 --> 00:08:39,140 right central atom and here again the same things here if I have three atoms 336 00:08:39,140 --> 00:08:39,150 same things here if I have three atoms 337 00:08:39,150 --> 00:08:41,450 same things here if I have three atoms bonded all of these electron pairs are 338 00:08:41,450 --> 00:08:41,460 bonded all of these electron pairs are 339 00:08:41,460 --> 00:08:44,180 bonded all of these electron pairs are shared then the molecular geometry will 340 00:08:44,180 --> 00:08:44,190 shared then the molecular geometry will 341 00:08:44,190 --> 00:08:47,180 shared then the molecular geometry will be again trigonal planar and all of 342 00:08:47,180 --> 00:08:47,190 be again trigonal planar and all of 343 00:08:47,190 --> 00:08:50,420 be again trigonal planar and all of these are simply shared if I have atoms 344 00:08:50,420 --> 00:08:50,430 these are simply shared if I have atoms 345 00:08:50,430 --> 00:08:52,700 these are simply shared if I have atoms here all sharing these electron pairs 346 00:08:52,700 --> 00:08:52,710 here all sharing these electron pairs 347 00:08:52,710 --> 00:08:54,800 here all sharing these electron pairs around the central atom and the geometry 348 00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:54,810 around the central atom and the geometry 349 00:08:54,810 --> 00:08:58,340 around the central atom and the geometry will be tetrahedral and if all shared 350 00:08:58,340 --> 00:08:58,350 will be tetrahedral and if all shared 351 00:08:58,350 --> 00:09:00,020 will be tetrahedral and if all shared here it will be trigonal bi-pyramidal 352 00:09:00,020 --> 00:09:00,030 here it will be trigonal bi-pyramidal 353 00:09:00,030 --> 00:09:02,610 here it will be trigonal bi-pyramidal and if all shared here it will 354 00:09:02,610 --> 00:09:02,620 and if all shared here it will 355 00:09:02,620 --> 00:09:06,160 and if all shared here it will octahedra so you can ask me this what is 356 00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:06,170 octahedra so you can ask me this what is 357 00:09:06,170 --> 00:09:08,560 octahedra so you can ask me this what is the difference I mean when we find the 358 00:09:08,560 --> 00:09:08,570 the difference I mean when we find the 359 00:09:08,570 --> 00:09:10,930 the difference I mean when we find the electron pair geometry fine here and 360 00:09:10,930 --> 00:09:10,940 electron pair geometry fine here and 361 00:09:10,940 --> 00:09:13,300 electron pair geometry fine here and then we find the molecular geometry and 362 00:09:13,300 --> 00:09:13,310 then we find the molecular geometry and 363 00:09:13,310 --> 00:09:14,980 then we find the molecular geometry and electron pair geometry and the molecular 364 00:09:14,980 --> 00:09:14,990 electron pair geometry and the molecular 365 00:09:14,990 --> 00:09:19,180 electron pair geometry and the molecular geometry seems to be the same right yes 366 00:09:19,180 --> 00:09:19,190 geometry seems to be the same right yes 367 00:09:19,190 --> 00:09:24,730 geometry seems to be the same right yes if all the electron pairs are shared by 368 00:09:24,730 --> 00:09:24,740 if all the electron pairs are shared by 369 00:09:24,740 --> 00:09:27,040 if all the electron pairs are shared by the terminal atoms then the molecular 370 00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:27,050 the terminal atoms then the molecular 371 00:09:27,050 --> 00:09:31,110 the terminal atoms then the molecular geometry and the electron pair geometry 372 00:09:31,110 --> 00:09:31,120 geometry and the electron pair geometry 373 00:09:31,120 --> 00:09:36,100 geometry and the electron pair geometry are the same right but if there are some 374 00:09:36,100 --> 00:09:36,110 are the same right but if there are some 375 00:09:36,110 --> 00:09:39,550 are the same right but if there are some lone pair electrons lone pair electrons 376 00:09:39,550 --> 00:09:39,560 lone pair electrons lone pair electrons 377 00:09:39,560 --> 00:09:42,100 lone pair electrons lone pair electrons that means nonbonding electron pairs 378 00:09:42,100 --> 00:09:42,110 that means nonbonding electron pairs 379 00:09:42,110 --> 00:09:44,440 that means nonbonding electron pairs around the central atom then the 380 00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:44,450 around the central atom then the 381 00:09:44,450 --> 00:09:47,200 around the central atom then the geometry molecular geometry becomes 382 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:47,210 geometry molecular geometry becomes 383 00:09:47,210 --> 00:09:49,510 geometry molecular geometry becomes different than the electron pair 384 00:09:49,510 --> 00:09:49,520 different than the electron pair 385 00:09:49,520 --> 00:09:51,810 different than the electron pair geometry right electron pair geometry 386 00:09:51,810 --> 00:09:51,820 geometry right electron pair geometry 387 00:09:51,820 --> 00:09:58,900 geometry right electron pair geometry now let's see what we have here now in 388 00:09:58,900 --> 00:09:58,910 now let's see what we have here now in 389 00:09:58,910 --> 00:10:00,910 now let's see what we have here now in this slide in the book instead of saying 390 00:10:00,910 --> 00:10:00,920 this slide in the book instead of saying 391 00:10:00,920 --> 00:10:05,340 this slide in the book instead of saying electron pairs it prefers to call it 392 00:10:05,340 --> 00:10:05,350 electron pairs it prefers to call it 393 00:10:05,350 --> 00:10:10,150 electron pairs it prefers to call it simply electron domains what is what 394 00:10:10,150 --> 00:10:10,160 simply electron domains what is what 395 00:10:10,160 --> 00:10:11,800 simply electron domains what is what does electron domain means domain 396 00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:11,810 does electron domain means domain 397 00:10:11,810 --> 00:10:15,700 does electron domain means domain actually means the plays the space that 398 00:10:15,700 --> 00:10:15,710 actually means the plays the space that 399 00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:18,810 actually means the plays the space that is simply occupied by those electrons 400 00:10:18,810 --> 00:10:18,820 is simply occupied by those electrons 401 00:10:18,820 --> 00:10:23,920 is simply occupied by those electrons right so if the electron spends their 402 00:10:23,920 --> 00:10:23,930 right so if the electron spends their 403 00:10:23,930 --> 00:10:27,010 right so if the electron spends their time in a given space that space becomes 404 00:10:27,010 --> 00:10:27,020 time in a given space that space becomes 405 00:10:27,020 --> 00:10:29,920 time in a given space that space becomes that electron domain right that electron 406 00:10:29,920 --> 00:10:29,930 that electron domain right that electron 407 00:10:29,930 --> 00:10:33,100 that electron domain right that electron domain so it uses the electron domain as 408 00:10:33,100 --> 00:10:33,110 domain so it uses the electron domain as 409 00:10:33,110 --> 00:10:35,980 domain so it uses the electron domain as I told you but electron pairs is the 410 00:10:35,980 --> 00:10:35,990 I told you but electron pairs is the 411 00:10:35,990 --> 00:10:38,230 I told you but electron pairs is the same things we just call them electron 412 00:10:38,230 --> 00:10:38,240 same things we just call them electron 413 00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:40,960 same things we just call them electron pair or you can call electron domain now 414 00:10:40,960 --> 00:10:40,970 pair or you can call electron domain now 415 00:10:40,970 --> 00:10:42,430 pair or you can call electron domain now here it says we can refer to the 416 00:10:42,430 --> 00:10:42,440 here it says we can refer to the 417 00:10:42,440 --> 00:10:45,010 here it says we can refer to the directions to which the electron points 418 00:10:45,010 --> 00:10:45,020 directions to which the electron points 419 00:10:45,020 --> 00:10:48,190 directions to which the electron points as electron domains that means if I have 420 00:10:48,190 --> 00:10:48,200 as electron domains that means if I have 421 00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:51,580 as electron domains that means if I have the electron pair here for example that 422 00:10:51,580 --> 00:10:51,590 the electron pair here for example that 423 00:10:51,590 --> 00:10:54,730 the electron pair here for example that means the electron pair domain for these 424 00:10:54,730 --> 00:10:54,740 means the electron pair domain for these 425 00:10:54,740 --> 00:10:57,580 means the electron pair domain for these shared electron will be this part here 426 00:10:57,580 --> 00:10:57,590 shared electron will be this part here 427 00:10:57,590 --> 00:11:00,640 shared electron will be this part here this space right and here this space and 428 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:00,650 this space right and here this space and 429 00:11:00,650 --> 00:11:05,140 this space right and here this space and here this space over here right so this 430 00:11:05,140 --> 00:11:05,150 here this space over here right so this 431 00:11:05,150 --> 00:11:07,120 here this space over here right so this is true whether there is one or more 432 00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:07,130 is true whether there is one or more 433 00:11:07,130 --> 00:11:09,760 is true whether there is one or more electron pairs pointing in that 434 00:11:09,760 --> 00:11:09,770 electron pairs pointing in that 435 00:11:09,770 --> 00:11:12,640 electron pairs pointing in that direction the central atom in this 436 00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:12,650 direction the central atom in this 437 00:11:12,650 --> 00:11:14,560 direction the central atom in this molecule a has four electron domains 438 00:11:14,560 --> 00:11:14,570 molecule a has four electron domains 439 00:11:14,570 --> 00:11:16,340 molecule a has four electron domains okay now here is 440 00:11:16,340 --> 00:11:16,350 okay now here is 441 00:11:16,350 --> 00:11:20,900 okay now here is one point again as we said last time if 442 00:11:20,900 --> 00:11:20,910 one point again as we said last time if 443 00:11:20,910 --> 00:11:24,110 one point again as we said last time if we simply make the elect loose structure 444 00:11:24,110 --> 00:11:24,120 we simply make the elect loose structure 445 00:11:24,120 --> 00:11:25,370 we simply make the elect loose structure of this molecule this is the Lewis 446 00:11:25,370 --> 00:11:25,380 of this molecule this is the Lewis 447 00:11:25,380 --> 00:11:28,310 of this molecule this is the Lewis structure and we look at here how many 448 00:11:28,310 --> 00:11:28,320 structure and we look at here how many 449 00:11:28,320 --> 00:11:34,540 structure and we look at here how many electron pairs around the central atom 450 00:11:34,540 --> 00:11:34,550 451 00:11:34,550 --> 00:11:40,060 yes for it is not for actually right 452 00:11:40,060 --> 00:11:40,070 yes for it is not for actually right 453 00:11:40,070 --> 00:11:44,480 yes for it is not for actually right there is five electron pairs but two of 454 00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:44,490 there is five electron pairs but two of 455 00:11:44,490 --> 00:11:47,330 there is five electron pairs but two of those electron pairs four of them are 456 00:11:47,330 --> 00:11:47,340 those electron pairs four of them are 457 00:11:47,340 --> 00:11:51,020 those electron pairs four of them are shared between the two atoms which 458 00:11:51,020 --> 00:11:51,030 shared between the two atoms which 459 00:11:51,030 --> 00:11:53,840 shared between the two atoms which results we call a double bond right so 460 00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:53,850 results we call a double bond right so 461 00:11:53,850 --> 00:11:57,220 results we call a double bond right so here you see again when we consider the 462 00:11:57,220 --> 00:11:57,230 here you see again when we consider the 463 00:11:57,230 --> 00:12:00,530 here you see again when we consider the electron pair geometry around the 464 00:12:00,530 --> 00:12:00,540 electron pair geometry around the 465 00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:05,240 electron pair geometry around the central atom if there are two electron 466 00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:05,250 central atom if there are two electron 467 00:12:05,250 --> 00:12:08,390 central atom if there are two electron pairs shared by the central atom and the 468 00:12:08,390 --> 00:12:08,400 pairs shared by the central atom and the 469 00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:10,490 pairs shared by the central atom and the terminal atom that two electron pair 470 00:12:10,490 --> 00:12:10,500 terminal atom that two electron pair 471 00:12:10,500 --> 00:12:13,120 terminal atom that two electron pair will count as if it is one electron pair 472 00:12:13,120 --> 00:12:13,130 will count as if it is one electron pair 473 00:12:13,130 --> 00:12:17,270 will count as if it is one electron pair right or if simply three electron pairs 474 00:12:17,270 --> 00:12:17,280 right or if simply three electron pairs 475 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:19,310 right or if simply three electron pairs sometimes to have a triple bond remember 476 00:12:19,310 --> 00:12:19,320 sometimes to have a triple bond remember 477 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:21,560 sometimes to have a triple bond remember three electron pairs are shared we will 478 00:12:21,560 --> 00:12:21,570 three electron pairs are shared we will 479 00:12:21,570 --> 00:12:24,650 three electron pairs are shared we will count that as one electron pair again 480 00:12:24,650 --> 00:12:24,660 count that as one electron pair again 481 00:12:24,660 --> 00:12:27,260 count that as one electron pair again for example here we say that there are 482 00:12:27,260 --> 00:12:27,270 for example here we say that there are 483 00:12:27,270 --> 00:12:30,110 for example here we say that there are four electron pairs in terms of 484 00:12:30,110 --> 00:12:30,120 four electron pairs in terms of 485 00:12:30,120 --> 00:12:31,760 four electron pairs in terms of determining the electron pair geometry 486 00:12:31,760 --> 00:12:31,770 determining the electron pair geometry 487 00:12:31,770 --> 00:12:35,480 determining the electron pair geometry actually or electron domains we can call 488 00:12:35,480 --> 00:12:35,490 actually or electron domains we can call 489 00:12:35,490 --> 00:12:38,960 actually or electron domains we can call it same things and this is again one two 490 00:12:38,960 --> 00:12:38,970 it same things and this is again one two 491 00:12:38,970 --> 00:12:42,350 it same things and this is again one two three this will count one actually and 492 00:12:42,350 --> 00:12:42,360 three this will count one actually and 493 00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:46,580 three this will count one actually and this is four so the electron pair 494 00:12:46,580 --> 00:12:46,590 this is four so the electron pair 495 00:12:46,590 --> 00:12:51,310 this is four so the electron pair geometry in this molecule will be what 496 00:12:51,310 --> 00:12:51,320 geometry in this molecule will be what 497 00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:59,030 geometry in this molecule will be what four electron pairs tetrahedral right 498 00:12:59,030 --> 00:12:59,040 four electron pairs tetrahedral right 499 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:01,340 four electron pairs tetrahedral right tetrahedral electron pair geometry will 500 00:13:01,340 --> 00:13:01,350 tetrahedral electron pair geometry will 501 00:13:01,350 --> 00:13:03,560 tetrahedral electron pair geometry will be tetrahedral and the molecular 502 00:13:03,560 --> 00:13:03,570 be tetrahedral and the molecular 503 00:13:03,570 --> 00:13:06,110 be tetrahedral and the molecular geometry we will see it again as we see 504 00:13:06,110 --> 00:13:06,120 geometry we will see it again as we see 505 00:13:06,120 --> 00:13:09,980 geometry we will see it again as we see over here let's now let's see what now 506 00:13:09,980 --> 00:13:09,990 over here let's now let's see what now 507 00:13:09,990 --> 00:13:13,760 over here let's now let's see what now again the book uses this inflated 508 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:13,770 again the book uses this inflated 509 00:13:13,770 --> 00:13:17,570 again the book uses this inflated balloons model or balloon analogy to 510 00:13:17,570 --> 00:13:17,580 balloons model or balloon analogy to 511 00:13:17,580 --> 00:13:20,870 balloons model or balloon analogy to represent to represent actually electron 512 00:13:20,870 --> 00:13:20,880 represent to represent actually electron 513 00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:23,150 represent to represent actually electron pairs around the central atom or 514 00:13:23,150 --> 00:13:23,160 pairs around the central atom or 515 00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:27,380 pairs around the central atom or electron domains right for example here 516 00:13:27,380 --> 00:13:27,390 electron domains right for example here 517 00:13:27,390 --> 00:13:30,530 electron domains right for example here this corresponds to one electron 518 00:13:30,530 --> 00:13:30,540 this corresponds to one electron 519 00:13:30,540 --> 00:13:33,590 this corresponds to one electron - electrons domain actually it's an 520 00:13:33,590 --> 00:13:33,600 - electrons domain actually it's an 521 00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:36,080 - electrons domain actually it's an electron pair we call it just electron 522 00:13:36,080 --> 00:13:36,090 electron pair we call it just electron 523 00:13:36,090 --> 00:13:38,210 electron pair we call it just electron pair and this is another one and it 524 00:13:38,210 --> 00:13:38,220 pair and this is another one and it 525 00:13:38,220 --> 00:13:42,200 pair and this is another one and it shows you again how to get the minimum 526 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:42,210 shows you again how to get the minimum 527 00:13:42,210 --> 00:13:45,260 shows you again how to get the minimum repulsion what should be the arrangement 528 00:13:45,260 --> 00:13:45,270 repulsion what should be the arrangement 529 00:13:45,270 --> 00:13:48,620 repulsion what should be the arrangement of these balloons which corresponds to 530 00:13:48,620 --> 00:13:48,630 of these balloons which corresponds to 531 00:13:48,630 --> 00:13:51,050 of these balloons which corresponds to the electron domain or electron pairs 532 00:13:51,050 --> 00:13:51,060 the electron domain or electron pairs 533 00:13:51,060 --> 00:13:54,470 the electron domain or electron pairs this is again linear minimum repulsions 534 00:13:54,470 --> 00:13:54,480 this is again linear minimum repulsions 535 00:13:54,480 --> 00:13:57,680 this is again linear minimum repulsions for two domains electron domains for 536 00:13:57,680 --> 00:13:57,690 for two domains electron domains for 537 00:13:57,690 --> 00:13:59,780 for two domains electron domains for three electron domains this is going to 538 00:13:59,780 --> 00:13:59,790 three electron domains this is going to 539 00:13:59,790 --> 00:14:02,090 three electron domains this is going to be minimum repulsion and this is again 540 00:14:02,090 --> 00:14:02,100 be minimum repulsion and this is again 541 00:14:02,100 --> 00:14:05,630 be minimum repulsion and this is again remember equilateral triangle right it's 542 00:14:05,630 --> 00:14:05,640 remember equilateral triangle right it's 543 00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:08,630 remember equilateral triangle right it's planar equilateral triangle and here is 544 00:14:08,630 --> 00:14:08,640 planar equilateral triangle and here is 545 00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:11,420 planar equilateral triangle and here is the tetrahedral same things as we have 546 00:14:11,420 --> 00:14:11,430 the tetrahedral same things as we have 547 00:14:11,430 --> 00:14:15,380 the tetrahedral same things as we have said before now these are again the 548 00:14:15,380 --> 00:14:15,390 said before now these are again the 549 00:14:15,390 --> 00:14:17,900 said before now these are again the electron domains the same things I show 550 00:14:17,900 --> 00:14:17,910 electron domains the same things I show 551 00:14:17,910 --> 00:14:20,540 electron domains the same things I show you when you have two electron domains 552 00:14:20,540 --> 00:14:20,550 you when you have two electron domains 553 00:14:20,550 --> 00:14:25,010 you when you have two electron domains and this and that there or we call it 554 00:14:25,010 --> 00:14:25,020 and this and that there or we call it 555 00:14:25,020 --> 00:14:27,740 and this and that there or we call it when we have two electron pairs so the 556 00:14:27,740 --> 00:14:27,750 when we have two electron pairs so the 557 00:14:27,750 --> 00:14:30,230 when we have two electron pairs so the geometry electron pair geometry will 558 00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:30,240 geometry electron pair geometry will 559 00:14:30,240 --> 00:14:31,880 geometry electron pair geometry will simply here it says electron domain 560 00:14:31,880 --> 00:14:31,890 simply here it says electron domain 561 00:14:31,890 --> 00:14:33,890 simply here it says electron domain geometry it's the same things linear 562 00:14:33,890 --> 00:14:33,900 geometry it's the same things linear 563 00:14:33,900 --> 00:14:37,100 geometry it's the same things linear trigonal planar tetrahedral trigonal 564 00:14:37,100 --> 00:14:37,110 trigonal planar tetrahedral trigonal 565 00:14:37,110 --> 00:14:39,260 trigonal planar tetrahedral trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral we have all 566 00:14:39,260 --> 00:14:39,270 bipyramidal and octahedral we have all 567 00:14:39,270 --> 00:14:45,310 bipyramidal and octahedral we have all actually shown those okay now let's say 568 00:14:45,310 --> 00:14:45,320 actually shown those okay now let's say 569 00:14:45,320 --> 00:14:49,820 actually shown those okay now let's say simply work out these examples to show 570 00:14:49,820 --> 00:14:49,830 simply work out these examples to show 571 00:14:49,830 --> 00:14:52,960 simply work out these examples to show you how we find the molecular geometry 572 00:14:52,960 --> 00:14:52,970 you how we find the molecular geometry 573 00:14:52,970 --> 00:14:56,090 you how we find the molecular geometry from the Lewis structure starting from 574 00:14:56,090 --> 00:14:56,100 from the Lewis structure starting from 575 00:14:56,100 --> 00:14:58,220 from the Lewis structure starting from the Lewis structure and then find the 576 00:14:58,220 --> 00:14:58,230 the Lewis structure and then find the 577 00:14:58,230 --> 00:15:01,280 the Lewis structure and then find the electron pair geometry then put the 578 00:15:01,280 --> 00:15:01,290 electron pair geometry then put the 579 00:15:01,290 --> 00:15:03,650 electron pair geometry then put the terminal atoms to find the molecular 580 00:15:03,650 --> 00:15:03,660 terminal atoms to find the molecular 581 00:15:03,660 --> 00:15:06,500 terminal atoms to find the molecular geometry remember the main things the 582 00:15:06,500 --> 00:15:06,510 geometry remember the main things the 583 00:15:06,510 --> 00:15:09,230 geometry remember the main things the aim is to determine the molecular 584 00:15:09,230 --> 00:15:09,240 aim is to determine the molecular 585 00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:11,300 aim is to determine the molecular geometry not the electron pair geometry 586 00:15:11,300 --> 00:15:11,310 geometry not the electron pair geometry 587 00:15:11,310 --> 00:15:13,760 geometry not the electron pair geometry but to determine the molecular geometry 588 00:15:13,760 --> 00:15:13,770 but to determine the molecular geometry 589 00:15:13,770 --> 00:15:16,700 but to determine the molecular geometry we have to go through the electron pair 590 00:15:16,700 --> 00:15:16,710 we have to go through the electron pair 591 00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:18,950 we have to go through the electron pair geometry first right as we have 592 00:15:18,950 --> 00:15:18,960 geometry first right as we have 593 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:22,460 geometry first right as we have explained it now let's simply consider 594 00:15:22,460 --> 00:15:22,470 explained it now let's simply consider 595 00:15:22,470 --> 00:15:26,630 explained it now let's simply consider the examples and explain how we get the 596 00:15:26,630 --> 00:15:26,640 the examples and explain how we get the 597 00:15:26,640 --> 00:15:28,850 the examples and explain how we get the molecular geometry and electron pair 598 00:15:28,850 --> 00:15:28,860 molecular geometry and electron pair 599 00:15:28,860 --> 00:15:31,970 molecular geometry and electron pair geometry now we have done these last 600 00:15:31,970 --> 00:15:31,980 geometry now we have done these last 601 00:15:31,980 --> 00:15:35,150 geometry now we have done these last time let's take the beryllium guy 602 00:15:35,150 --> 00:15:35,160 time let's take the beryllium guy 603 00:15:35,160 --> 00:15:38,030 time let's take the beryllium guy fluorite right last time I write it 604 00:15:38,030 --> 00:15:38,040 fluorite right last time I write it 605 00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:39,470 fluorite right last time I write it better than dichloride is the same 606 00:15:39,470 --> 00:15:39,480 better than dichloride is the same 607 00:15:39,480 --> 00:15:42,920 better than dichloride is the same things if I make the lewis structure for 608 00:15:42,920 --> 00:15:42,930 things if I make the lewis structure for 609 00:15:42,930 --> 00:15:46,250 things if I make the lewis structure for this it would be again as follow we have 610 00:15:46,250 --> 00:15:46,260 this it would be again as follow we have 611 00:15:46,260 --> 00:15:48,829 this it would be again as follow we have simply electron pairs here electron 612 00:15:48,829 --> 00:15:48,839 simply electron pairs here electron 613 00:15:48,839 --> 00:15:51,970 simply electron pairs here electron pairs there we have the fluorine 614 00:15:51,970 --> 00:15:51,980 pairs there we have the fluorine 615 00:15:51,980 --> 00:15:59,750 pairs there we have the fluorine fluorine again eight electrons around 616 00:15:59,750 --> 00:15:59,760 fluorine again eight electrons around 617 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:02,990 fluorine again eight electrons around the fluorine right this barium 618 00:16:02,990 --> 00:16:03,000 the fluorine right this barium 619 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,829 the fluorine right this barium difluoride so again when we try to 620 00:16:06,829 --> 00:16:06,839 difluoride so again when we try to 621 00:16:06,839 --> 00:16:08,720 difluoride so again when we try to determine the molecular geometry or 622 00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:08,730 determine the molecular geometry or 623 00:16:08,730 --> 00:16:11,210 determine the molecular geometry or predict the molecular geometry first we 624 00:16:11,210 --> 00:16:11,220 predict the molecular geometry first we 625 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:13,579 predict the molecular geometry first we start from the Lewis structure right we 626 00:16:13,579 --> 00:16:13,589 start from the Lewis structure right we 627 00:16:13,589 --> 00:16:15,350 start from the Lewis structure right we write down the Lewis structure why we 628 00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:15,360 write down the Lewis structure why we 629 00:16:15,360 --> 00:16:17,480 write down the Lewis structure why we write down the Lewis structure to find 630 00:16:17,480 --> 00:16:17,490 write down the Lewis structure to find 631 00:16:17,490 --> 00:16:19,970 write down the Lewis structure to find out how many electron pairs around the 632 00:16:19,970 --> 00:16:19,980 out how many electron pairs around the 633 00:16:19,980 --> 00:16:22,400 out how many electron pairs around the central atom or how many electron 634 00:16:22,400 --> 00:16:22,410 central atom or how many electron 635 00:16:22,410 --> 00:16:25,610 central atom or how many electron domains write the same things around the 636 00:16:25,610 --> 00:16:25,620 domains write the same things around the 637 00:16:25,620 --> 00:16:28,760 domains write the same things around the central atom now from that I have two 638 00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:28,770 central atom now from that I have two 639 00:16:28,770 --> 00:16:33,079 central atom now from that I have two electron pairs and now I can simply put 640 00:16:33,079 --> 00:16:33,089 electron pairs and now I can simply put 641 00:16:33,089 --> 00:16:39,110 electron pairs and now I can simply put over here electron number of electron 642 00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:39,120 over here electron number of electron 643 00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:47,570 over here electron number of electron pair around central atom okay how many 644 00:16:47,570 --> 00:16:47,580 pair around central atom okay how many 645 00:16:47,580 --> 00:16:53,329 pair around central atom okay how many two right now here let's put the 646 00:16:53,329 --> 00:16:53,339 two right now here let's put the 647 00:16:53,339 --> 00:16:56,510 two right now here let's put the molecular geometry no electron pair 648 00:16:56,510 --> 00:16:56,520 molecular geometry no electron pair 649 00:16:56,520 --> 00:17:05,530 molecular geometry no electron pair geometry first electron pair geometry 650 00:17:05,530 --> 00:17:05,540 651 00:17:05,540 --> 00:17:09,010 electron pair geometry linear right 652 00:17:09,010 --> 00:17:09,020 electron pair geometry linear right 653 00:17:09,020 --> 00:17:14,150 electron pair geometry linear right linear right again we have to know that 654 00:17:14,150 --> 00:17:14,160 linear right again we have to know that 655 00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:18,610 linear right again we have to know that the angle here as we say 180 degrees 656 00:17:18,610 --> 00:17:18,620 the angle here as we say 180 degrees 657 00:17:18,620 --> 00:17:21,919 the angle here as we say 180 degrees linear that's simply what it means now 658 00:17:21,919 --> 00:17:21,929 linear that's simply what it means now 659 00:17:21,929 --> 00:17:25,669 linear that's simply what it means now let's put it over here the molecular 660 00:17:25,669 --> 00:17:25,679 let's put it over here the molecular 661 00:17:25,679 --> 00:17:34,970 let's put it over here the molecular geometry 662 00:17:34,970 --> 00:17:34,980 663 00:17:34,980 --> 00:17:38,930 and the molecular geometry is also 664 00:17:38,930 --> 00:17:38,940 and the molecular geometry is also 665 00:17:38,940 --> 00:17:41,670 and the molecular geometry is also linear right because I have the fluorine 666 00:17:41,670 --> 00:17:41,680 linear right because I have the fluorine 667 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:44,040 linear right because I have the fluorine here Florian there and that is on the 668 00:17:44,040 --> 00:17:44,050 here Florian there and that is on the 669 00:17:44,050 --> 00:17:46,050 here Florian there and that is on the same line why they should be on this 670 00:17:46,050 --> 00:17:46,060 same line why they should be on this 671 00:17:46,060 --> 00:17:50,640 same line why they should be on this this line to get the maximum sharing of 672 00:17:50,640 --> 00:17:50,650 this line to get the maximum sharing of 673 00:17:50,650 --> 00:17:53,520 this line to get the maximum sharing of these electron pairs right to get that 674 00:17:53,520 --> 00:17:53,530 these electron pairs right to get that 675 00:17:53,530 --> 00:17:55,650 these electron pairs right to get that maximum sharing electron pairs so it's a 676 00:17:55,650 --> 00:17:55,660 maximum sharing electron pairs so it's a 677 00:17:55,660 --> 00:17:59,790 maximum sharing electron pairs so it's a linear like this so when I simply draw 678 00:17:59,790 --> 00:17:59,800 linear like this so when I simply draw 679 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:03,030 linear like this so when I simply draw the structure of the molecule in other 680 00:18:03,030 --> 00:18:03,040 the structure of the molecule in other 681 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:05,730 the structure of the molecule in other words geometry of the molecule I will 682 00:18:05,730 --> 00:18:05,740 words geometry of the molecule I will 683 00:18:05,740 --> 00:18:09,140 words geometry of the molecule I will just draw it as follow fluorine 684 00:18:09,140 --> 00:18:09,150 just draw it as follow fluorine 685 00:18:09,150 --> 00:18:13,670 just draw it as follow fluorine beryllium and fluorine and I put here 686 00:18:13,670 --> 00:18:13,680 beryllium and fluorine and I put here 687 00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:18,330 beryllium and fluorine and I put here 180 degrees like this now this is the 688 00:18:18,330 --> 00:18:18,340 180 degrees like this now this is the 689 00:18:18,340 --> 00:18:21,030 180 degrees like this now this is the molecular geometry see again I don't 690 00:18:21,030 --> 00:18:21,040 molecular geometry see again I don't 691 00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:23,490 molecular geometry see again I don't really have to show the electron pairs 692 00:18:23,490 --> 00:18:23,500 really have to show the electron pairs 693 00:18:23,500 --> 00:18:26,610 really have to show the electron pairs shared on share and so on I don't really 694 00:18:26,610 --> 00:18:26,620 shared on share and so on I don't really 695 00:18:26,620 --> 00:18:28,890 shared on share and so on I don't really care where the electron pairs are what I 696 00:18:28,890 --> 00:18:28,900 care where the electron pairs are what I 697 00:18:28,900 --> 00:18:32,040 care where the electron pairs are what I care is where the atoms are in 698 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:32,050 care is where the atoms are in 699 00:18:32,050 --> 00:18:34,290 care is where the atoms are in three-dimensional space with respect to 700 00:18:34,290 --> 00:18:34,300 three-dimensional space with respect to 701 00:18:34,300 --> 00:18:35,970 three-dimensional space with respect to each other what are the angles and so on 702 00:18:35,970 --> 00:18:35,980 each other what are the angles and so on 703 00:18:35,980 --> 00:18:39,510 each other what are the angles and so on so that is a linear now the next is 704 00:18:39,510 --> 00:18:39,520 so that is a linear now the next is 705 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:44,030 so that is a linear now the next is let's consider the boron trifluoride 706 00:18:44,030 --> 00:18:44,040 let's consider the boron trifluoride 707 00:18:44,040 --> 00:18:48,990 let's consider the boron trifluoride right we make the Lewis structure boron 708 00:18:48,990 --> 00:18:49,000 right we make the Lewis structure boron 709 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:51,050 right we make the Lewis structure boron trifluoride like this 710 00:18:51,050 --> 00:18:51,060 trifluoride like this 711 00:18:51,060 --> 00:18:58,320 trifluoride like this that's right fluoride so we just count 712 00:18:58,320 --> 00:18:58,330 that's right fluoride so we just count 713 00:18:58,330 --> 00:19:01,350 that's right fluoride so we just count the electrons show all the electrons I 714 00:19:01,350 --> 00:19:01,360 the electrons show all the electrons I 715 00:19:01,360 --> 00:19:03,240 the electrons show all the electrons I am trying to make because this becomes 716 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:03,250 am trying to make because this becomes 717 00:19:03,250 --> 00:19:05,820 am trying to make because this becomes the Lewis structure when I say write 718 00:19:05,820 --> 00:19:05,830 the Lewis structure when I say write 719 00:19:05,830 --> 00:19:08,250 the Lewis structure when I say write down the Lewis structure you have to put 720 00:19:08,250 --> 00:19:08,260 down the Lewis structure you have to put 721 00:19:08,260 --> 00:19:11,670 down the Lewis structure you have to put these electrons around each atom so in 722 00:19:11,670 --> 00:19:11,680 these electrons around each atom so in 723 00:19:11,680 --> 00:19:14,070 these electrons around each atom so in other words the Lewis structure have to 724 00:19:14,070 --> 00:19:14,080 other words the Lewis structure have to 725 00:19:14,080 --> 00:19:17,730 other words the Lewis structure have to show all of the valence electrons in the 726 00:19:17,730 --> 00:19:17,740 show all of the valence electrons in the 727 00:19:17,740 --> 00:19:20,100 show all of the valence electrons in the molecule write all of the valence 728 00:19:20,100 --> 00:19:20,110 molecule write all of the valence 729 00:19:20,110 --> 00:19:22,890 molecule write all of the valence electrons so this is the Lewis structure 730 00:19:22,890 --> 00:19:22,900 electrons so this is the Lewis structure 731 00:19:22,900 --> 00:19:25,230 electrons so this is the Lewis structure now how many electron pairs around the 732 00:19:25,230 --> 00:19:25,240 now how many electron pairs around the 733 00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:29,040 now how many electron pairs around the central atom simply three now what is 734 00:19:29,040 --> 00:19:29,050 central atom simply three now what is 735 00:19:29,050 --> 00:19:31,860 central atom simply three now what is the electron pair geometry trigonal 736 00:19:31,860 --> 00:19:31,870 the electron pair geometry trigonal 737 00:19:31,870 --> 00:19:35,990 the electron pair geometry trigonal planar let's write down three guano 738 00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:36,000 planar let's write down three guano 739 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:41,520 planar let's write down three guano planar like this now what is the 740 00:19:41,520 --> 00:19:41,530 planar like this now what is the 741 00:19:41,530 --> 00:19:44,070 planar like this now what is the molecular geometry you can easily guess 742 00:19:44,070 --> 00:19:44,080 molecular geometry you can easily guess 743 00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:46,410 molecular geometry you can easily guess that since I have all 744 00:19:46,410 --> 00:19:46,420 that since I have all 745 00:19:46,420 --> 00:19:48,480 that since I have all electron pairs are shared by the 746 00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:48,490 electron pairs are shared by the 747 00:19:48,490 --> 00:19:49,500 electron pairs are shared by the terminal atoms 748 00:19:49,500 --> 00:19:49,510 terminal atoms 749 00:19:49,510 --> 00:19:52,860 terminal atoms it will also be trigonal planar right so 750 00:19:52,860 --> 00:19:52,870 it will also be trigonal planar right so 751 00:19:52,870 --> 00:20:00,090 it will also be trigonal planar right so this is again trigonal planar now how 752 00:20:00,090 --> 00:20:00,100 this is again trigonal planar now how 753 00:20:00,100 --> 00:20:02,520 this is again trigonal planar now how about the structure structure is I put 754 00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:02,530 about the structure structure is I put 755 00:20:02,530 --> 00:20:06,120 about the structure structure is I put the boron here and put the fluorine here 756 00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:06,130 the boron here and put the fluorine here 757 00:20:06,130 --> 00:20:09,060 the boron here and put the fluorine here again I have to put these dashes because 758 00:20:09,060 --> 00:20:09,070 again I have to put these dashes because 759 00:20:09,070 --> 00:20:11,430 again I have to put these dashes because they indicate the bumps right and I had 760 00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:11,440 they indicate the bumps right and I had 761 00:20:11,440 --> 00:20:13,770 they indicate the bumps right and I had put the angles like this show the angles 762 00:20:13,770 --> 00:20:13,780 put the angles like this show the angles 763 00:20:13,780 --> 00:20:16,140 put the angles like this show the angles this will be 120 degrees and all of 764 00:20:16,140 --> 00:20:16,150 this will be 120 degrees and all of 765 00:20:16,150 --> 00:20:18,930 this will be 120 degrees and all of these are also 120 degrees equilateral 766 00:20:18,930 --> 00:20:18,940 these are also 120 degrees equilateral 767 00:20:18,940 --> 00:20:23,240 these are also 120 degrees equilateral triangle now let's consider the third 768 00:20:23,240 --> 00:20:23,250 triangle now let's consider the third 769 00:20:23,250 --> 00:20:29,400 triangle now let's consider the third and all to - over here now the lewis 770 00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:29,410 and all to - over here now the lewis 771 00:20:29,410 --> 00:20:43,920 and all to - over here now the lewis structure for this is as follow ok this 772 00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:43,930 structure for this is as follow ok this 773 00:20:43,930 --> 00:20:46,710 structure for this is as follow ok this is the lewis structure and three atoms 774 00:20:46,710 --> 00:20:46,720 is the lewis structure and three atoms 775 00:20:46,720 --> 00:20:49,920 is the lewis structure and three atoms again now how many electron pairs around 776 00:20:49,920 --> 00:20:49,930 again now how many electron pairs around 777 00:20:49,930 --> 00:20:59,310 again now how many electron pairs around the central atom how many electron pairs 778 00:20:59,310 --> 00:20:59,320 the central atom how many electron pairs 779 00:20:59,320 --> 00:21:04,490 the central atom how many electron pairs three or four actually there are four 780 00:21:04,490 --> 00:21:04,500 three or four actually there are four 781 00:21:04,500 --> 00:21:08,280 three or four actually there are four but when I consider the geometry of 782 00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:08,290 but when I consider the geometry of 783 00:21:08,290 --> 00:21:10,500 but when I consider the geometry of these electron pairs I will extreme is 784 00:21:10,500 --> 00:21:10,510 these electron pairs I will extreme is 785 00:21:10,510 --> 00:21:13,740 these electron pairs I will extreme is three right so the electron pair 786 00:21:13,740 --> 00:21:13,750 three right so the electron pair 787 00:21:13,750 --> 00:21:18,780 three right so the electron pair geometry simply be let's see I write it 788 00:21:18,780 --> 00:21:18,790 geometry simply be let's see I write it 789 00:21:18,790 --> 00:21:21,390 geometry simply be let's see I write it down three but we have to remember those 790 00:21:21,390 --> 00:21:21,400 down three but we have to remember those 791 00:21:21,400 --> 00:21:25,380 down three but we have to remember those two electron pairs or two electron 792 00:21:25,380 --> 00:21:25,390 two electron pairs or two electron 793 00:21:25,390 --> 00:21:29,520 two electron pairs or two electron domains is count in 1 in this case right 794 00:21:29,520 --> 00:21:29,530 domains is count in 1 in this case right 795 00:21:29,530 --> 00:21:33,290 domains is count in 1 in this case right so the geometry electron pair geometry 796 00:21:33,290 --> 00:21:33,300 so the geometry electron pair geometry 797 00:21:33,300 --> 00:21:39,650 so the geometry electron pair geometry trigonal planar again trigonal planar 798 00:21:39,650 --> 00:21:39,660 trigonal planar again trigonal planar 799 00:21:39,660 --> 00:21:43,560 trigonal planar again trigonal planar like this now how about the molecular 800 00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:43,570 like this now how about the molecular 801 00:21:43,570 --> 00:21:47,580 like this now how about the molecular geometry it will be v-shaped right 802 00:21:47,580 --> 00:21:47,590 geometry it will be v-shaped right 803 00:21:47,590 --> 00:21:51,630 geometry it will be v-shaped right because I only consider actually the 804 00:21:51,630 --> 00:21:51,640 because I only consider actually the 805 00:21:51,640 --> 00:21:53,910 because I only consider actually the positions of the atoms oxygen nitrogen 806 00:21:53,910 --> 00:21:53,920 positions of the atoms oxygen nitrogen 807 00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:56,910 positions of the atoms oxygen nitrogen and oxygen there is also the residence 808 00:21:56,910 --> 00:21:56,920 and oxygen there is also the residence 809 00:21:56,920 --> 00:21:58,470 and oxygen there is also the residence structure this double bond may be there 810 00:21:58,470 --> 00:21:58,480 structure this double bond may be there 811 00:21:58,480 --> 00:21:59,740 structure this double bond may be there but it really doesn't matter 812 00:21:59,740 --> 00:21:59,750 but it really doesn't matter 813 00:21:59,750 --> 00:22:04,180 but it really doesn't matter that's okay so now the we will call it V 814 00:22:04,180 --> 00:22:04,190 that's okay so now the we will call it V 815 00:22:04,190 --> 00:22:11,040 that's okay so now the we will call it V shape or bent bent is also used to 816 00:22:11,040 --> 00:22:11,050 shape or bent bent is also used to 817 00:22:11,050 --> 00:22:13,510 shape or bent bent is also used to express the molecular structure of this 818 00:22:13,510 --> 00:22:13,520 express the molecular structure of this 819 00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:17,520 express the molecular structure of this molecule now when I write down the 820 00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:17,530 molecule now when I write down the 821 00:22:17,530 --> 00:22:20,110 molecule now when I write down the geometry draw the geometry it would be 822 00:22:20,110 --> 00:22:20,120 geometry draw the geometry it would be 823 00:22:20,120 --> 00:22:23,110 geometry draw the geometry it would be something like this okay again I don't 824 00:22:23,110 --> 00:22:23,120 something like this okay again I don't 825 00:22:23,120 --> 00:22:26,770 something like this okay again I don't really show these simply shows the the 826 00:22:26,770 --> 00:22:26,780 really show these simply shows the the 827 00:22:26,780 --> 00:22:28,750 really show these simply shows the the buns but I don't have to put their 828 00:22:28,750 --> 00:22:28,760 buns but I don't have to put their 829 00:22:28,760 --> 00:22:31,600 buns but I don't have to put their double bond there to show the geometry 830 00:22:31,600 --> 00:22:31,610 double bond there to show the geometry 831 00:22:31,610 --> 00:22:36,180 double bond there to show the geometry actually okay now how about the angle 832 00:22:36,180 --> 00:22:36,190 actually okay now how about the angle 833 00:22:36,190 --> 00:22:41,620 actually okay now how about the angle the angle since the three electron pairs 834 00:22:41,620 --> 00:22:41,630 the angle since the three electron pairs 835 00:22:41,630 --> 00:22:44,280 the angle since the three electron pairs around the central atom geometry is 836 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:44,290 around the central atom geometry is 837 00:22:44,290 --> 00:22:47,560 around the central atom geometry is trigonal planar equilateral triangle on 838 00:22:47,560 --> 00:22:47,570 trigonal planar equilateral triangle on 839 00:22:47,570 --> 00:22:48,820 trigonal planar equilateral triangle on the corner of it equal to angle the 840 00:22:48,820 --> 00:22:48,830 the corner of it equal to angle the 841 00:22:48,830 --> 00:22:52,030 the corner of it equal to angle the angle should be what 120 degrees right 842 00:22:52,030 --> 00:22:52,040 angle should be what 120 degrees right 843 00:22:52,040 --> 00:22:54,670 angle should be what 120 degrees right hundred twenty DS but the angle here 844 00:22:54,670 --> 00:22:54,680 hundred twenty DS but the angle here 845 00:22:54,680 --> 00:22:56,950 hundred twenty DS but the angle here will not be 120 degrees but it will be 846 00:22:56,950 --> 00:22:56,960 will not be 120 degrees but it will be 847 00:22:56,960 --> 00:22:59,490 will not be 120 degrees but it will be less than hundred and twenty degrees why 848 00:22:59,490 --> 00:22:59,500 less than hundred and twenty degrees why 849 00:22:59,500 --> 00:23:03,610 less than hundred and twenty degrees why because the lone pair electrons here 850 00:23:03,610 --> 00:23:03,620 because the lone pair electrons here 851 00:23:03,620 --> 00:23:06,580 because the lone pair electrons here these lone pair electrons here will 852 00:23:06,580 --> 00:23:06,590 these lone pair electrons here will 853 00:23:06,590 --> 00:23:10,870 these lone pair electrons here will occupy a large space and they will repel 854 00:23:10,870 --> 00:23:10,880 occupy a large space and they will repel 855 00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:14,230 occupy a large space and they will repel the bonding pair closer to each other 856 00:23:14,230 --> 00:23:14,240 the bonding pair closer to each other 857 00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:16,240 the bonding pair closer to each other what does that means that means the 858 00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:16,250 what does that means that means the 859 00:23:16,250 --> 00:23:19,420 what does that means that means the angle will be less than 120 degrees how 860 00:23:19,420 --> 00:23:19,430 angle will be less than 120 degrees how 861 00:23:19,430 --> 00:23:21,310 angle will be less than 120 degrees how much less I can't really tell you 862 00:23:21,310 --> 00:23:21,320 much less I can't really tell you 863 00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:25,450 much less I can't really tell you exactly it may be 118 it may be 115 but 864 00:23:25,450 --> 00:23:25,460 exactly it may be 118 it may be 115 but 865 00:23:25,460 --> 00:23:28,990 exactly it may be 118 it may be 115 but less right so it will not be definitely 866 00:23:28,990 --> 00:23:29,000 less right so it will not be definitely 867 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:32,590 less right so it will not be definitely 90 degrees but will be less than 120 868 00:23:32,590 --> 00:23:32,600 90 degrees but will be less than 120 869 00:23:32,600 --> 00:23:35,440 90 degrees but will be less than 120 degrees so I can simply say less than 870 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:35,450 degrees so I can simply say less than 871 00:23:35,450 --> 00:23:38,410 degrees so I can simply say less than hundred twenty degrees reason is lone 872 00:23:38,410 --> 00:23:38,420 hundred twenty degrees reason is lone 873 00:23:38,420 --> 00:23:41,380 hundred twenty degrees reason is lone pair electrons so again when we have 874 00:23:41,380 --> 00:23:41,390 pair electrons so again when we have 875 00:23:41,390 --> 00:23:43,270 pair electrons so again when we have lone pair electrons on the central atom 876 00:23:43,270 --> 00:23:43,280 lone pair electrons on the central atom 877 00:23:43,280 --> 00:23:45,400 lone pair electrons on the central atom we should consider that because they 878 00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:45,410 we should consider that because they 879 00:23:45,410 --> 00:23:48,730 we should consider that because they have an effect on the bond angles right 880 00:23:48,730 --> 00:23:48,740 have an effect on the bond angles right 881 00:23:48,740 --> 00:23:50,440 have an effect on the bond angles right probably not the name of the overall 882 00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:50,450 probably not the name of the overall 883 00:23:50,450 --> 00:23:53,890 probably not the name of the overall structure geometry name but the bond 884 00:23:53,890 --> 00:23:53,900 structure geometry name but the bond 885 00:23:53,900 --> 00:23:58,000 structure geometry name but the bond angles simply changes when you have lone 886 00:23:58,000 --> 00:23:58,010 angles simply changes when you have lone 887 00:23:58,010 --> 00:24:00,820 angles simply changes when you have lone pair electrons compared to when you 888 00:24:00,820 --> 00:24:00,830 pair electrons compared to when you 889 00:24:00,830 --> 00:24:02,770 pair electrons compared to when you don't have any lone pair around central 890 00:24:02,770 --> 00:24:02,780 don't have any lone pair around central 891 00:24:02,780 --> 00:24:04,630 don't have any lone pair around central atom clear okay 892 00:24:04,630 --> 00:24:04,640 atom clear okay 893 00:24:04,640 --> 00:24:09,490 atom clear okay so let's continue here the next is if I 894 00:24:09,490 --> 00:24:09,500 so let's continue here the next is if I 895 00:24:09,500 --> 00:24:13,120 so let's continue here the next is if I have the CH 4 this is 896 00:24:13,120 --> 00:24:13,130 have the CH 4 this is 897 00:24:13,130 --> 00:24:20,410 have the CH 4 this is methane molecule and the Lewis structure 898 00:24:20,410 --> 00:24:20,420 methane molecule and the Lewis structure 899 00:24:20,420 --> 00:24:25,660 methane molecule and the Lewis structure is this right four hydrogen's four 900 00:24:25,660 --> 00:24:25,670 is this right four hydrogen's four 901 00:24:25,670 --> 00:24:27,220 is this right four hydrogen's four electron pairs around the central atom 902 00:24:27,220 --> 00:24:27,230 electron pairs around the central atom 903 00:24:27,230 --> 00:24:30,760 electron pairs around the central atom no lone pair electrons right so what is 904 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:30,770 no lone pair electrons right so what is 905 00:24:30,770 --> 00:24:33,850 no lone pair electrons right so what is the number of electron pairs for what is 906 00:24:33,850 --> 00:24:33,860 the number of electron pairs for what is 907 00:24:33,860 --> 00:24:38,290 the number of electron pairs for what is the electron pair geometry tetrahedral 908 00:24:38,290 --> 00:24:38,300 the electron pair geometry tetrahedral 909 00:24:38,300 --> 00:24:44,830 the electron pair geometry tetrahedral right tetrahedral tetrahedral what is 910 00:24:44,830 --> 00:24:44,840 right tetrahedral tetrahedral what is 911 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:48,280 right tetrahedral tetrahedral what is the molecular geometry also tetrahedral 912 00:24:48,280 --> 00:24:48,290 the molecular geometry also tetrahedral 913 00:24:48,290 --> 00:24:51,510 the molecular geometry also tetrahedral right it is also a tetrahedral 914 00:24:51,510 --> 00:24:51,520 right it is also a tetrahedral 915 00:24:51,520 --> 00:24:55,480 right it is also a tetrahedral tetrahedral like this if I draw the 916 00:24:55,480 --> 00:24:55,490 tetrahedral like this if I draw the 917 00:24:55,490 --> 00:24:59,860 tetrahedral like this if I draw the geometry of the methane molecule again I 918 00:24:59,860 --> 00:24:59,870 geometry of the methane molecule again I 919 00:24:59,870 --> 00:25:02,980 geometry of the methane molecule again I have to make a tetrahedron here put the 920 00:25:02,980 --> 00:25:02,990 have to make a tetrahedron here put the 921 00:25:02,990 --> 00:25:06,040 have to make a tetrahedron here put the hydrogen's like this and this one then 922 00:25:06,040 --> 00:25:06,050 hydrogen's like this and this one then 923 00:25:06,050 --> 00:25:09,220 hydrogen's like this and this one then combine those indicator in the face like 924 00:25:09,220 --> 00:25:09,230 combine those indicator in the face like 925 00:25:09,230 --> 00:25:13,060 combine those indicator in the face like this now how about the angles angles 926 00:25:13,060 --> 00:25:13,070 this now how about the angles angles 927 00:25:13,070 --> 00:25:17,080 this now how about the angles angles will be exactly 109 degrees 109.5 928 00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:17,090 will be exactly 109 degrees 109.5 929 00:25:17,090 --> 00:25:20,710 will be exactly 109 degrees 109.5 degrees for ideal tetrahedral geometry 930 00:25:20,710 --> 00:25:20,720 degrees for ideal tetrahedral geometry 931 00:25:20,720 --> 00:25:23,860 degrees for ideal tetrahedral geometry right ideally the geometry all of these 932 00:25:23,860 --> 00:25:23,870 right ideally the geometry all of these 933 00:25:23,870 --> 00:25:27,640 right ideally the geometry all of these hydrogens are equivalent that means 934 00:25:27,640 --> 00:25:27,650 hydrogens are equivalent that means 935 00:25:27,650 --> 00:25:30,160 hydrogens are equivalent that means there's no difference in terms of their 936 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:30,170 there's no difference in terms of their 937 00:25:30,170 --> 00:25:33,160 there's no difference in terms of their environment and so on okay now let's 938 00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:33,170 environment and so on okay now let's 939 00:25:33,170 --> 00:25:41,410 environment and so on okay now let's continue the next example I picked up is 940 00:25:41,410 --> 00:25:41,420 continue the next example I picked up is 941 00:25:41,420 --> 00:25:47,020 continue the next example I picked up is ammonia let's make the Lewis structure 942 00:25:47,020 --> 00:25:47,030 ammonia let's make the Lewis structure 943 00:25:47,030 --> 00:25:53,530 ammonia let's make the Lewis structure Lewis structure again is as follow this 944 00:25:53,530 --> 00:25:53,540 Lewis structure again is as follow this 945 00:25:53,540 --> 00:25:56,110 Lewis structure again is as follow this is the Lewis structure what is the 946 00:25:56,110 --> 00:25:56,120 is the Lewis structure what is the 947 00:25:56,120 --> 00:25:58,390 is the Lewis structure what is the electron number of electron pairs around 948 00:25:58,390 --> 00:25:58,400 electron number of electron pairs around 949 00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:02,170 electron number of electron pairs around the central atom for right there number 950 00:26:02,170 --> 00:26:02,180 the central atom for right there number 951 00:26:02,180 --> 00:26:03,760 the central atom for right there number of electrons around the central atom is 952 00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:03,770 of electrons around the central atom is 953 00:26:03,770 --> 00:26:06,520 of electrons around the central atom is four let's put that there for now what 954 00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:06,530 four let's put that there for now what 955 00:26:06,530 --> 00:26:10,180 four let's put that there for now what is the electron pair geometry ok 956 00:26:10,180 --> 00:26:10,190 is the electron pair geometry ok 957 00:26:10,190 --> 00:26:12,930 is the electron pair geometry ok trajeron right four electron pairs 958 00:26:12,930 --> 00:26:12,940 trajeron right four electron pairs 959 00:26:12,940 --> 00:26:18,060 trajeron right four electron pairs tetrahedral let's write it tetrahedral 960 00:26:18,060 --> 00:26:18,070 tetrahedral let's write it tetrahedral 961 00:26:18,070 --> 00:26:20,670 tetrahedral let's write it tetrahedral now what is the molecular geometry 962 00:26:20,670 --> 00:26:20,680 now what is the molecular geometry 963 00:26:20,680 --> 00:26:23,970 now what is the molecular geometry molecular geometry will also be no 964 00:26:23,970 --> 00:26:23,980 molecular geometry will also be no 965 00:26:23,980 --> 00:26:26,510 molecular geometry will also be no molecular geometry 966 00:26:26,510 --> 00:26:26,520 molecular geometry 967 00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:28,730 molecular geometry will not be tetrahedral right because we 968 00:26:28,730 --> 00:26:28,740 will not be tetrahedral right because we 969 00:26:28,740 --> 00:26:31,040 will not be tetrahedral right because we have lone pair electrons the molecular 970 00:26:31,040 --> 00:26:31,050 have lone pair electrons the molecular 971 00:26:31,050 --> 00:26:36,340 have lone pair electrons the molecular geometry becomes trigonal pyramidal 972 00:26:36,340 --> 00:26:36,350 geometry becomes trigonal pyramidal 973 00:26:36,350 --> 00:26:40,520 geometry becomes trigonal pyramidal right trigonal pyramidal we know which 974 00:26:40,520 --> 00:26:40,530 right trigonal pyramidal we know which 975 00:26:40,530 --> 00:26:43,250 right trigonal pyramidal we know which can pyramid in Turkish trigonal 976 00:26:43,250 --> 00:26:43,260 can pyramid in Turkish trigonal 977 00:26:43,260 --> 00:26:47,240 can pyramid in Turkish trigonal pyramidal and the free goal actually the 978 00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:47,250 pyramidal and the free goal actually the 979 00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:52,610 pyramidal and the free goal actually the the it is equilateral triangle the base 980 00:26:52,610 --> 00:26:52,620 the it is equilateral triangle the base 981 00:26:52,620 --> 00:26:55,010 the it is equilateral triangle the base will be equilateral triangle actually 982 00:26:55,010 --> 00:26:55,020 will be equilateral triangle actually 983 00:26:55,020 --> 00:27:01,480 will be equilateral triangle actually so let's write the name three guano 984 00:27:01,480 --> 00:27:01,490 985 00:27:01,490 --> 00:27:08,780 trigonal pyramidal is the name of the 986 00:27:08,780 --> 00:27:08,790 trigonal pyramidal is the name of the 987 00:27:08,790 --> 00:27:11,750 trigonal pyramidal is the name of the geometry what is the shape if I draw 988 00:27:11,750 --> 00:27:11,760 geometry what is the shape if I draw 989 00:27:11,760 --> 00:27:13,370 geometry what is the shape if I draw what is the geometry of the molecule can 990 00:27:13,370 --> 00:27:13,380 what is the geometry of the molecule can 991 00:27:13,380 --> 00:27:17,030 what is the geometry of the molecule can I draw that yes I can simply show it 992 00:27:17,030 --> 00:27:17,040 I draw that yes I can simply show it 993 00:27:17,040 --> 00:27:22,910 I draw that yes I can simply show it like this now this is the equilateral 994 00:27:22,910 --> 00:27:22,920 like this now this is the equilateral 995 00:27:22,920 --> 00:27:25,850 like this now this is the equilateral triangle here the base now I have the 996 00:27:25,850 --> 00:27:25,860 triangle here the base now I have the 997 00:27:25,860 --> 00:27:28,490 triangle here the base now I have the lone pair electrons but remember when I 998 00:27:28,490 --> 00:27:28,500 lone pair electrons but remember when I 999 00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:31,040 lone pair electrons but remember when I just show the geometry of the molecule 1000 00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:31,050 just show the geometry of the molecule 1001 00:27:31,050 --> 00:27:33,310 just show the geometry of the molecule I don't indicate the electron pairs 1002 00:27:33,310 --> 00:27:33,320 I don't indicate the electron pairs 1003 00:27:33,320 --> 00:27:36,440 I don't indicate the electron pairs right it's not important but when it 1004 00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:36,450 right it's not important but when it 1005 00:27:36,450 --> 00:27:41,140 right it's not important but when it comes predicting the angles bond angles 1006 00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:41,150 comes predicting the angles bond angles 1007 00:27:41,150 --> 00:27:44,150 comes predicting the angles bond angles then we have to consider whether I have 1008 00:27:44,150 --> 00:27:44,160 then we have to consider whether I have 1009 00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:47,710 then we have to consider whether I have a lone pair electrons or not and simply 1010 00:27:47,710 --> 00:27:47,720 a lone pair electrons or not and simply 1011 00:27:47,720 --> 00:27:51,100 a lone pair electrons or not and simply this angle here all the angles will be 1012 00:27:51,100 --> 00:27:51,110 this angle here all the angles will be 1013 00:27:51,110 --> 00:27:55,460 this angle here all the angles will be simply equal in this case but this angle 1014 00:27:55,460 --> 00:27:55,470 simply equal in this case but this angle 1015 00:27:55,470 --> 00:27:59,900 simply equal in this case but this angle is one all seven degrees which is less 1016 00:27:59,900 --> 00:27:59,910 is one all seven degrees which is less 1017 00:27:59,910 --> 00:28:03,140 is one all seven degrees which is less than one oh nine point five perfect 1018 00:28:03,140 --> 00:28:03,150 than one oh nine point five perfect 1019 00:28:03,150 --> 00:28:07,580 than one oh nine point five perfect tetrahedral why because again this lone 1020 00:28:07,580 --> 00:28:07,590 tetrahedral why because again this lone 1021 00:28:07,590 --> 00:28:11,270 tetrahedral why because again this lone pair electron occupies a larger space 1022 00:28:11,270 --> 00:28:11,280 pair electron occupies a larger space 1023 00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:15,110 pair electron occupies a larger space and push the bonding electron pair 1024 00:28:15,110 --> 00:28:15,120 and push the bonding electron pair 1025 00:28:15,120 --> 00:28:17,510 and push the bonding electron pair closer to each other making the angle 1026 00:28:17,510 --> 00:28:17,520 closer to each other making the angle 1027 00:28:17,520 --> 00:28:20,000 closer to each other making the angle less than one oh nine point five right 1028 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:20,010 less than one oh nine point five right 1029 00:28:20,010 --> 00:28:24,440 less than one oh nine point five right 109.5 okay now if I simply continue here 1030 00:28:24,440 --> 00:28:24,450 109.5 okay now if I simply continue here 1031 00:28:24,450 --> 00:28:27,950 109.5 okay now if I simply continue here let's consider the water molecule and 1032 00:28:27,950 --> 00:28:27,960 let's consider the water molecule and 1033 00:28:27,960 --> 00:28:31,580 let's consider the water molecule and the water molecule the Lewis structure 1034 00:28:31,580 --> 00:28:31,590 the water molecule the Lewis structure 1035 00:28:31,590 --> 00:28:35,510 the water molecule the Lewis structure is like this I can put that there 1036 00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:35,520 is like this I can put that there 1037 00:28:35,520 --> 00:28:38,540 is like this I can put that there okay now what is the number of electron 1038 00:28:38,540 --> 00:28:38,550 okay now what is the number of electron 1039 00:28:38,550 --> 00:28:40,480 okay now what is the number of electron pairs around the central atom 1040 00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:40,490 pairs around the central atom 1041 00:28:40,490 --> 00:28:43,810 pairs around the central atom four right let's write at four what is 1042 00:28:43,810 --> 00:28:43,820 four right let's write at four what is 1043 00:28:43,820 --> 00:28:47,470 four right let's write at four what is the electron pair geometry or electron 1044 00:28:47,470 --> 00:28:47,480 the electron pair geometry or electron 1045 00:28:47,480 --> 00:28:50,140 the electron pair geometry or electron domain geometry would be the same thing 1046 00:28:50,140 --> 00:28:50,150 domain geometry would be the same thing 1047 00:28:50,150 --> 00:28:51,910 domain geometry would be the same thing if it considered those balloons actually 1048 00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:51,920 if it considered those balloons actually 1049 00:28:51,920 --> 00:28:58,560 if it considered those balloons actually and it will also be this is tetrahedral 1050 00:28:58,560 --> 00:28:58,570 and it will also be this is tetrahedral 1051 00:28:58,570 --> 00:29:04,270 and it will also be this is tetrahedral like this now how about the molecular 1052 00:29:04,270 --> 00:29:04,280 like this now how about the molecular 1053 00:29:04,280 --> 00:29:06,760 like this now how about the molecular geometry molecular geometry I have to 1054 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:06,770 geometry molecular geometry I have to 1055 00:29:06,770 --> 00:29:09,850 geometry molecular geometry I have to only consider simply these two 1056 00:29:09,850 --> 00:29:09,860 only consider simply these two 1057 00:29:09,860 --> 00:29:12,340 only consider simply these two hydrogen's and the oxygen now if you 1058 00:29:12,340 --> 00:29:12,350 hydrogen's and the oxygen now if you 1059 00:29:12,350 --> 00:29:15,820 hydrogen's and the oxygen now if you consider the tetrahedron there right and 1060 00:29:15,820 --> 00:29:15,830 consider the tetrahedron there right and 1061 00:29:15,830 --> 00:29:19,210 consider the tetrahedron there right and take out two of the hydrogen's take out 1062 00:29:19,210 --> 00:29:19,220 take out two of the hydrogen's take out 1063 00:29:19,220 --> 00:29:22,540 take out two of the hydrogen's take out two vertices from the tetrahedron you 1064 00:29:22,540 --> 00:29:22,550 two vertices from the tetrahedron you 1065 00:29:22,550 --> 00:29:25,810 two vertices from the tetrahedron you get a v-shape right you get a V shape 1066 00:29:25,810 --> 00:29:25,820 get a v-shape right you get a V shape 1067 00:29:25,820 --> 00:29:34,060 get a v-shape right you get a V shape and the V shape or bent remember and if 1068 00:29:34,060 --> 00:29:34,070 and the V shape or bent remember and if 1069 00:29:34,070 --> 00:29:36,310 and the V shape or bent remember and if I draw the geometry it would be again as 1070 00:29:36,310 --> 00:29:36,320 I draw the geometry it would be again as 1071 00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:38,980 I draw the geometry it would be again as follow I will just put it like this this 1072 00:29:38,980 --> 00:29:38,990 follow I will just put it like this this 1073 00:29:38,990 --> 00:29:41,200 follow I will just put it like this this is the structure of water now how about 1074 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:41,210 is the structure of water now how about 1075 00:29:41,210 --> 00:29:43,960 is the structure of water now how about the angle experimentally the angle is 1076 00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:43,970 the angle experimentally the angle is 1077 00:29:43,970 --> 00:29:48,220 the angle experimentally the angle is fine all point 105 degrees 105 degrees 1078 00:29:48,220 --> 00:29:48,230 fine all point 105 degrees 105 degrees 1079 00:29:48,230 --> 00:29:52,480 fine all point 105 degrees 105 degrees this is 105 degrees somewhere now you 1080 00:29:52,480 --> 00:29:52,490 this is 105 degrees somewhere now you 1081 00:29:52,490 --> 00:29:57,360 this is 105 degrees somewhere now you see again the angle normally should be 1082 00:29:57,360 --> 00:29:57,370 see again the angle normally should be 1083 00:29:57,370 --> 00:30:01,990 see again the angle normally should be 109.5 perfect tetrahedral but it is less 1084 00:30:01,990 --> 00:30:02,000 109.5 perfect tetrahedral but it is less 1085 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:04,930 109.5 perfect tetrahedral but it is less than that actually it is less than the 1086 00:30:04,930 --> 00:30:04,940 than that actually it is less than the 1087 00:30:04,940 --> 00:30:09,000 than that actually it is less than the nitrogen this is 107 this is 105 why 1088 00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:09,010 nitrogen this is 107 this is 105 why 1089 00:30:09,010 --> 00:30:12,760 nitrogen this is 107 this is 105 why because uh knock sujin we have two 1090 00:30:12,760 --> 00:30:12,770 because uh knock sujin we have two 1091 00:30:12,770 --> 00:30:15,460 because uh knock sujin we have two electron pairs that electron pairs 1092 00:30:15,460 --> 00:30:15,470 electron pairs that electron pairs 1093 00:30:15,470 --> 00:30:17,680 electron pairs that electron pairs simply pushes the abundant pair 1094 00:30:17,680 --> 00:30:17,690 simply pushes the abundant pair 1095 00:30:17,690 --> 00:30:20,770 simply pushes the abundant pair electrons in the water more than they do 1096 00:30:20,770 --> 00:30:20,780 electrons in the water more than they do 1097 00:30:20,780 --> 00:30:24,730 electrons in the water more than they do in ammonia right ammonia molecule so 1098 00:30:24,730 --> 00:30:24,740 in ammonia right ammonia molecule so 1099 00:30:24,740 --> 00:30:26,860 in ammonia right ammonia molecule so this is again the reason so when we have 1100 00:30:26,860 --> 00:30:26,870 this is again the reason so when we have 1101 00:30:26,870 --> 00:30:29,650 this is again the reason so when we have simply the lone pair electrons and we 1102 00:30:29,650 --> 00:30:29,660 simply the lone pair electrons and we 1103 00:30:29,660 --> 00:30:33,190 simply the lone pair electrons and we asked to predict the angle bond angle we 1104 00:30:33,190 --> 00:30:33,200 asked to predict the angle bond angle we 1105 00:30:33,200 --> 00:30:36,580 asked to predict the angle bond angle we have to consider those repulsions 1106 00:30:36,580 --> 00:30:36,590 have to consider those repulsions 1107 00:30:36,590 --> 00:30:38,680 have to consider those repulsions actually between the nonbonding and 1108 00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:38,690 actually between the nonbonding and 1109 00:30:38,690 --> 00:30:41,140 actually between the nonbonding and bonding pairs okay 1110 00:30:41,140 --> 00:30:41,150 bonding pairs okay 1111 00:30:41,150 --> 00:30:48,100 bonding pairs okay now the next I picked up the phosphorus 1112 00:30:48,100 --> 00:30:48,110 now the next I picked up the phosphorus 1113 00:30:48,110 --> 00:30:50,620 now the next I picked up the phosphorus pentachloride if I make the Lewis 1114 00:30:50,620 --> 00:30:50,630 pentachloride if I make the Lewis 1115 00:30:50,630 --> 00:30:57,090 pentachloride if I make the Lewis structure it is again as follow 1116 00:30:57,090 --> 00:30:57,100 1117 00:30:57,100 --> 00:31:00,190 one two three four five and I have 1118 00:31:00,190 --> 00:31:00,200 one two three four five and I have 1119 00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:03,940 one two three four five and I have chlorine chlorine chlorine chlorine like 1120 00:31:03,940 --> 00:31:03,950 chlorine chlorine chlorine chlorine like 1121 00:31:03,950 --> 00:31:08,440 chlorine chlorine chlorine chlorine like this and electron pairs around the lone 1122 00:31:08,440 --> 00:31:08,450 this and electron pairs around the lone 1123 00:31:08,450 --> 00:31:10,330 this and electron pairs around the lone pair electrons around the chlorine eight 1124 00:31:10,330 --> 00:31:10,340 pair electrons around the chlorine eight 1125 00:31:10,340 --> 00:31:22,390 pair electrons around the chlorine eight electrons around chlorine now 10 1126 00:31:22,390 --> 00:31:22,400 electrons around chlorine now 10 1127 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:24,010 electrons around chlorine now 10 electrons around the phosphorous 1128 00:31:24,010 --> 00:31:24,020 electrons around the phosphorous 1129 00:31:24,020 --> 00:31:26,920 electrons around the phosphorous remember again more than eight electrons 1130 00:31:26,920 --> 00:31:26,930 remember again more than eight electrons 1131 00:31:26,930 --> 00:31:30,400 remember again more than eight electrons this is possible only for the third 1132 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:30,410 this is possible only for the third 1133 00:31:30,410 --> 00:31:34,930 this is possible only for the third period and down the elements there right 1134 00:31:34,930 --> 00:31:34,940 period and down the elements there right 1135 00:31:34,940 --> 00:31:38,590 period and down the elements there right not for the second period so what is the 1136 00:31:38,590 --> 00:31:38,600 not for the second period so what is the 1137 00:31:38,600 --> 00:31:41,020 not for the second period so what is the number of electron pairs number of 1138 00:31:41,020 --> 00:31:41,030 number of electron pairs number of 1139 00:31:41,030 --> 00:31:43,990 number of electron pairs number of electron pairs five what is the geometry 1140 00:31:43,990 --> 00:31:44,000 electron pairs five what is the geometry 1141 00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:49,120 electron pairs five what is the geometry geometry as we have seen here trigonal 1142 00:31:49,120 --> 00:31:49,130 geometry as we have seen here trigonal 1143 00:31:49,130 --> 00:31:50,430 geometry as we have seen here trigonal bipyramidal 1144 00:31:50,430 --> 00:31:50,440 bipyramidal 1145 00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:57,060 bipyramidal electron pair geometry is trigonal 1146 00:31:57,060 --> 00:31:57,070 1147 00:31:57,070 --> 00:32:04,690 bipyramidal now how about the molecular 1148 00:32:04,690 --> 00:32:04,700 bipyramidal now how about the molecular 1149 00:32:04,700 --> 00:32:07,270 bipyramidal now how about the molecular geometry it is also trigonal 1150 00:32:07,270 --> 00:32:07,280 geometry it is also trigonal 1151 00:32:07,280 --> 00:32:09,550 geometry it is also trigonal bi-pyramidal right it is to be gone over 1152 00:32:09,550 --> 00:32:09,560 bi-pyramidal right it is to be gone over 1153 00:32:09,560 --> 00:32:13,290 bi-pyramidal right it is to be gone over by pyramidal let's write it trigonal 1154 00:32:13,290 --> 00:32:13,300 by pyramidal let's write it trigonal 1155 00:32:13,300 --> 00:32:22,260 by pyramidal let's write it trigonal bi-pyramidal by randall how about the 1156 00:32:22,260 --> 00:32:22,270 bi-pyramidal by randall how about the 1157 00:32:22,270 --> 00:32:25,900 bi-pyramidal by randall how about the shape geometry can I draw it yes simply 1158 00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:25,910 shape geometry can I draw it yes simply 1159 00:32:25,910 --> 00:32:32,140 shape geometry can I draw it yes simply and over here chlorine chlorine chlorine 1160 00:32:32,140 --> 00:32:32,150 and over here chlorine chlorine chlorine 1161 00:32:32,150 --> 00:32:39,250 and over here chlorine chlorine chlorine now this these three chlorines actually 1162 00:32:39,250 --> 00:32:39,260 now this these three chlorines actually 1163 00:32:39,260 --> 00:32:43,270 now this these three chlorines actually are on the corner of equilateral 1164 00:32:43,270 --> 00:32:43,280 are on the corner of equilateral 1165 00:32:43,280 --> 00:32:46,360 are on the corner of equilateral triangle how about the angles angle here 1166 00:32:46,360 --> 00:32:46,370 triangle how about the angles angle here 1167 00:32:46,370 --> 00:32:49,690 triangle how about the angles angle here is 120 degrees now how about the angle 1168 00:32:49,690 --> 00:32:49,700 is 120 degrees now how about the angle 1169 00:32:49,700 --> 00:32:54,040 is 120 degrees now how about the angle here between those this is 90 degrees 90 1170 00:32:54,040 --> 00:32:54,050 here between those this is 90 degrees 90 1171 00:32:54,050 --> 00:32:57,010 here between those this is 90 degrees 90 degrees now remember again in this 1172 00:32:57,010 --> 00:32:57,020 degrees now remember again in this 1173 00:32:57,020 --> 00:32:59,820 degrees now remember again in this geometry trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry 1174 00:32:59,820 --> 00:32:59,830 geometry trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry 1175 00:32:59,830 --> 00:33:04,570 geometry trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry these two chlorines are equivalent but 1176 00:33:04,570 --> 00:33:04,580 these two chlorines are equivalent but 1177 00:33:04,580 --> 00:33:06,520 these two chlorines are equivalent but they are different than these three 1178 00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:06,530 they are different than these three 1179 00:33:06,530 --> 00:33:08,260 they are different than these three chlorines which are 1180 00:33:08,260 --> 00:33:08,270 chlorines which are 1181 00:33:08,270 --> 00:33:13,210 chlorines which are equivalent among themselves right so 1182 00:33:13,210 --> 00:33:13,220 equivalent among themselves right so 1183 00:33:13,220 --> 00:33:17,080 equivalent among themselves right so these two are called axial chlorine 1184 00:33:17,080 --> 00:33:17,090 these two are called axial chlorine 1185 00:33:17,090 --> 00:33:20,380 these two are called axial chlorine atoms and these three chlorine atoms are 1186 00:33:20,380 --> 00:33:20,390 atoms and these three chlorine atoms are 1187 00:33:20,390 --> 00:33:23,470 atoms and these three chlorine atoms are called equatorial chlorine atoms right 1188 00:33:23,470 --> 00:33:23,480 called equatorial chlorine atoms right 1189 00:33:23,480 --> 00:33:26,530 called equatorial chlorine atoms right so again we have two different positions 1190 00:33:26,530 --> 00:33:26,540 so again we have two different positions 1191 00:33:26,540 --> 00:33:30,780 so again we have two different positions axial and equatorial positions there 1192 00:33:30,780 --> 00:33:30,790 axial and equatorial positions there 1193 00:33:30,790 --> 00:33:54,340 axial and equatorial positions there okay now let's continue the next example 1194 00:33:54,340 --> 00:33:54,350 okay now let's continue the next example 1195 00:33:54,350 --> 00:33:58,440 okay now let's continue the next example I have picked up is sulfur tetrafluoride 1196 00:33:58,440 --> 00:33:58,450 I have picked up is sulfur tetrafluoride 1197 00:33:58,450 --> 00:34:01,900 I have picked up is sulfur tetrafluoride now the Lewis structure is again as 1198 00:34:01,900 --> 00:34:01,910 now the Lewis structure is again as 1199 00:34:01,910 --> 00:34:10,350 now the Lewis structure is again as follow we have the sulfur and and 1200 00:34:10,350 --> 00:34:10,360 follow we have the sulfur and and 1201 00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:25,710 follow we have the sulfur and and fluorine here more in here okay now 1202 00:34:25,710 --> 00:34:25,720 fluorine here more in here okay now 1203 00:34:25,720 --> 00:34:29,379 fluorine here more in here okay now again how many electron pairs around the 1204 00:34:29,379 --> 00:34:29,389 again how many electron pairs around the 1205 00:34:29,389 --> 00:34:37,780 again how many electron pairs around the central atom five right now what is the 1206 00:34:37,780 --> 00:34:37,790 central atom five right now what is the 1207 00:34:37,790 --> 00:34:41,020 central atom five right now what is the electron pair geometry trigonal 1208 00:34:41,020 --> 00:34:41,030 electron pair geometry trigonal 1209 00:34:41,030 --> 00:34:53,250 electron pair geometry trigonal bi-pyramidal trigonal bipyramidal 1210 00:34:53,250 --> 00:34:53,260 1211 00:34:53,260 --> 00:34:57,540 trigonal bi-pyramidal now what is the 1212 00:34:57,540 --> 00:34:57,550 trigonal bi-pyramidal now what is the 1213 00:34:57,550 --> 00:35:01,000 trigonal bi-pyramidal now what is the electron molecular geometry now the 1214 00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:01,010 electron molecular geometry now the 1215 00:35:01,010 --> 00:35:10,109 electron molecular geometry now the molecular geometry is called seesaw or 1216 00:35:10,109 --> 00:35:10,119 1217 00:35:10,119 --> 00:35:12,790 irregular tetrahedral some books calls 1218 00:35:12,790 --> 00:35:12,800 irregular tetrahedral some books calls 1219 00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:15,760 irregular tetrahedral some books calls it irregular tetrahedral let's see what 1220 00:35:15,760 --> 00:35:15,770 it irregular tetrahedral let's see what 1221 00:35:15,770 --> 00:35:18,099 it irregular tetrahedral let's see what kind of shape it is let's write down 1222 00:35:18,099 --> 00:35:18,109 kind of shape it is let's write down 1223 00:35:18,109 --> 00:35:20,920 kind of shape it is let's write down here see so 1224 00:35:20,920 --> 00:35:20,930 here see so 1225 00:35:20,930 --> 00:35:31,040 here see so see so is I guess I so test era right 1226 00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:31,050 see so is I guess I so test era right 1227 00:35:31,050 --> 00:35:34,700 see so is I guess I so test era right see so is the device that you put the 1228 00:35:34,700 --> 00:35:34,710 see so is the device that you put the 1229 00:35:34,710 --> 00:35:37,580 see so is the device that you put the woods on it and you cut it so this looks 1230 00:35:37,580 --> 00:35:37,590 woods on it and you cut it so this looks 1231 00:35:37,590 --> 00:35:39,650 woods on it and you cut it so this looks like that shape wise it's called seesaw 1232 00:35:39,650 --> 00:35:39,660 like that shape wise it's called seesaw 1233 00:35:39,660 --> 00:35:44,720 like that shape wise it's called seesaw and let me draw it here is the sulfur 1234 00:35:44,720 --> 00:35:44,730 and let me draw it here is the sulfur 1235 00:35:44,730 --> 00:35:54,470 and let me draw it here is the sulfur and here is the fluorines or i should 1236 00:35:54,470 --> 00:35:54,480 and here is the fluorines or i should 1237 00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:57,110 and here is the fluorines or i should probably okay for those fluorines here 1238 00:35:57,110 --> 00:35:57,120 probably okay for those fluorines here 1239 00:35:57,120 --> 00:36:01,130 probably okay for those fluorines here like this four fluorines and now there 1240 00:36:01,130 --> 00:36:01,140 like this four fluorines and now there 1241 00:36:01,140 --> 00:36:04,190 like this four fluorines and now there is a lone pair electron here right and 1242 00:36:04,190 --> 00:36:04,200 is a lone pair electron here right and 1243 00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:09,260 is a lone pair electron here right and that is the lone pair electron now this 1244 00:36:09,260 --> 00:36:09,270 that is the lone pair electron now this 1245 00:36:09,270 --> 00:36:12,440 that is the lone pair electron now this is the C so now this is axial and this 1246 00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:12,450 is the C so now this is axial and this 1247 00:36:12,450 --> 00:36:14,630 is the C so now this is axial and this is sort of like perpendicular to that 1248 00:36:14,630 --> 00:36:14,640 is sort of like perpendicular to that 1249 00:36:14,640 --> 00:36:17,870 is sort of like perpendicular to that right now the angle has to be normally 1250 00:36:17,870 --> 00:36:17,880 right now the angle has to be normally 1251 00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:20,600 right now the angle has to be normally will be 120 degrees this hang go here 1252 00:36:20,600 --> 00:36:20,610 will be 120 degrees this hang go here 1253 00:36:20,610 --> 00:36:23,690 will be 120 degrees this hang go here and that will be 90 degrees but since I 1254 00:36:23,690 --> 00:36:23,700 and that will be 90 degrees but since I 1255 00:36:23,700 --> 00:36:26,960 and that will be 90 degrees but since I have unshared electron pairs on the 1256 00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:26,970 have unshared electron pairs on the 1257 00:36:26,970 --> 00:36:29,450 have unshared electron pairs on the central atom those angles will be 1258 00:36:29,450 --> 00:36:29,460 central atom those angles will be 1259 00:36:29,460 --> 00:36:32,030 central atom those angles will be distorted than the ideal trigonal 1260 00:36:32,030 --> 00:36:32,040 distorted than the ideal trigonal 1261 00:36:32,040 --> 00:36:34,670 distorted than the ideal trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry right what we 1262 00:36:34,670 --> 00:36:34,680 bi-pyramidal geometry right what we 1263 00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:38,540 bi-pyramidal geometry right what we expect from that now one point here is 1264 00:36:38,540 --> 00:36:38,550 expect from that now one point here is 1265 00:36:38,550 --> 00:36:42,220 expect from that now one point here is this what is this position over here now 1266 00:36:42,220 --> 00:36:42,230 this what is this position over here now 1267 00:36:42,230 --> 00:36:45,380 this what is this position over here now if you consider the trigonal bipyramidal 1268 00:36:45,380 --> 00:36:45,390 if you consider the trigonal bipyramidal 1269 00:36:45,390 --> 00:36:47,810 if you consider the trigonal bipyramidal geometry this position here this 1270 00:36:47,810 --> 00:36:47,820 geometry this position here this 1271 00:36:47,820 --> 00:36:49,820 geometry this position here this position that position this position 1272 00:36:49,820 --> 00:36:49,830 position that position this position 1273 00:36:49,830 --> 00:36:53,650 position that position this position which is empty in this case our 1274 00:36:53,650 --> 00:36:53,660 1275 00:36:53,660 --> 00:36:56,690 equatorial positions right equatorial 1276 00:36:56,690 --> 00:36:56,700 equatorial positions right equatorial 1277 00:36:56,700 --> 00:37:00,230 equatorial positions right equatorial positions now these positions are axial 1278 00:37:00,230 --> 00:37:00,240 positions now these positions are axial 1279 00:37:00,240 --> 00:37:03,680 positions now these positions are axial positions you see again I left the lone 1280 00:37:03,680 --> 00:37:03,690 positions you see again I left the lone 1281 00:37:03,690 --> 00:37:09,160 positions you see again I left the lone pair electrons in equatorial positions 1282 00:37:09,160 --> 00:37:09,170 pair electrons in equatorial positions 1283 00:37:09,170 --> 00:37:14,140 pair electrons in equatorial positions so when you have trigonal bi-pyramidal 1284 00:37:14,140 --> 00:37:14,150 so when you have trigonal bi-pyramidal 1285 00:37:14,150 --> 00:37:20,240 so when you have trigonal bi-pyramidal electron pair geometry if one of those 1286 00:37:20,240 --> 00:37:20,250 electron pair geometry if one of those 1287 00:37:20,250 --> 00:37:23,330 electron pair geometry if one of those electron pairs are not shared there as 1288 00:37:23,330 --> 00:37:23,340 electron pairs are not shared there as 1289 00:37:23,340 --> 00:37:27,080 electron pairs are not shared there as lone pair they have to be in the 1290 00:37:27,080 --> 00:37:27,090 lone pair they have to be in the 1291 00:37:27,090 --> 00:37:30,050 lone pair they have to be in the equatorial position why to get the 1292 00:37:30,050 --> 00:37:30,060 equatorial position why to get the 1293 00:37:30,060 --> 00:37:32,510 equatorial position why to get the minimum repulsions again right 1294 00:37:32,510 --> 00:37:32,520 minimum repulsions again right 1295 00:37:32,520 --> 00:37:34,640 minimum repulsions again right the electrostatic interaction dictate 1296 00:37:34,640 --> 00:37:34,650 the electrostatic interaction dictate 1297 00:37:34,650 --> 00:37:37,190 the electrostatic interaction dictate that and since the lone pair electron 1298 00:37:37,190 --> 00:37:37,200 that and since the lone pair electron 1299 00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:39,740 that and since the lone pair electron will have more will need more space 1300 00:37:39,740 --> 00:37:39,750 will have more will need more space 1301 00:37:39,750 --> 00:37:43,190 will have more will need more space there so you put them in the equatorial 1302 00:37:43,190 --> 00:37:43,200 there so you put them in the equatorial 1303 00:37:43,200 --> 00:37:46,910 there so you put them in the equatorial knot over here actually you put it over 1304 00:37:46,910 --> 00:37:46,920 knot over here actually you put it over 1305 00:37:46,920 --> 00:37:50,240 knot over here actually you put it over here right so here I have the lone pair 1306 00:37:50,240 --> 00:37:50,250 here right so here I have the lone pair 1307 00:37:50,250 --> 00:37:52,840 here right so here I have the lone pair electron so this is called the C's so 1308 00:37:52,840 --> 00:37:52,850 electron so this is called the C's so 1309 00:37:52,850 --> 00:37:55,700 electron so this is called the C's so geometry C sub geometry it is actually 1310 00:37:55,700 --> 00:37:55,710 geometry C sub geometry it is actually 1311 00:37:55,710 --> 00:37:58,280 geometry C sub geometry it is actually you can imagine it as follow here's the 1312 00:37:58,280 --> 00:37:58,290 you can imagine it as follow here's the 1313 00:37:58,290 --> 00:38:00,770 you can imagine it as follow here's the axial positions like this and here you 1314 00:38:00,770 --> 00:38:00,780 axial positions like this and here you 1315 00:38:00,780 --> 00:38:03,590 axial positions like this and here you have the two fluorines like that right 1316 00:38:03,590 --> 00:38:03,600 have the two fluorines like that right 1317 00:38:03,600 --> 00:38:05,920 have the two fluorines like that right that is the seesaw or sometimes called 1318 00:38:05,920 --> 00:38:05,930 that is the seesaw or sometimes called 1319 00:38:05,930 --> 00:38:07,280 that is the seesaw or sometimes called irregular 1320 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:07,290 irregular 1321 00:38:07,290 --> 00:38:09,740 irregular tetrahedral irregular tetrahedral now 1322 00:38:09,740 --> 00:38:09,750 tetrahedral irregular tetrahedral now 1323 00:38:09,750 --> 00:38:12,680 tetrahedral irregular tetrahedral now let's take the next example the next 1324 00:38:12,680 --> 00:38:12,690 let's take the next example the next 1325 00:38:12,690 --> 00:38:18,550 let's take the next example the next example is again CL chlorine trifluoride 1326 00:38:18,550 --> 00:38:18,560 example is again CL chlorine trifluoride 1327 00:38:18,560 --> 00:38:23,270 example is again CL chlorine trifluoride if I make the Lewis structure chlorine 1328 00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:23,280 if I make the Lewis structure chlorine 1329 00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:25,610 if I make the Lewis structure chlorine in the center and again around the 1330 00:38:25,610 --> 00:38:25,620 in the center and again around the 1331 00:38:25,620 --> 00:38:30,470 in the center and again around the chlorine I have five electron pairs like 1332 00:38:30,470 --> 00:38:30,480 chlorine I have five electron pairs like 1333 00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:36,680 chlorine I have five electron pairs like this 1 2 3 4 5 now only three of those 1334 00:38:36,680 --> 00:38:36,690 this 1 2 3 4 5 now only three of those 1335 00:38:36,690 --> 00:38:41,900 this 1 2 3 4 5 now only three of those are shared by the terminal fluorine 1336 00:38:41,900 --> 00:38:41,910 are shared by the terminal fluorine 1337 00:38:41,910 --> 00:38:50,900 are shared by the terminal fluorine atoms like this you should always count 1338 00:38:50,900 --> 00:38:50,910 atoms like this you should always count 1339 00:38:50,910 --> 00:38:52,700 atoms like this you should always count the number of electrons now how many 1340 00:38:52,700 --> 00:38:52,710 the number of electrons now how many 1341 00:38:52,710 --> 00:38:54,590 the number of electrons now how many electron pairs around the central atom 1342 00:38:54,590 --> 00:38:54,600 electron pairs around the central atom 1343 00:38:54,600 --> 00:39:00,800 electron pairs around the central atom chlorine five right five now let's put 1344 00:39:00,800 --> 00:39:00,810 chlorine five right five now let's put 1345 00:39:00,810 --> 00:39:03,740 chlorine five right five now let's put that five what is the electron pair 1346 00:39:03,740 --> 00:39:03,750 that five what is the electron pair 1347 00:39:03,750 --> 00:39:07,010 that five what is the electron pair geometry trigonal bi-pyramidal just the 1348 00:39:07,010 --> 00:39:07,020 geometry trigonal bi-pyramidal just the 1349 00:39:07,020 --> 00:39:11,000 geometry trigonal bi-pyramidal just the same as here tree gone old trigonal 1350 00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:11,010 same as here tree gone old trigonal 1351 00:39:11,010 --> 00:39:19,040 same as here tree gone old trigonal bi-pyramidal now how about the molecular 1352 00:39:19,040 --> 00:39:19,050 bi-pyramidal now how about the molecular 1353 00:39:19,050 --> 00:39:24,530 bi-pyramidal now how about the molecular geometry now we have this trigonal 1354 00:39:24,530 --> 00:39:24,540 geometry now we have this trigonal 1355 00:39:24,540 --> 00:39:29,590 geometry now we have this trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry and two of those 1356 00:39:29,590 --> 00:39:29,600 bi-pyramidal geometry and two of those 1357 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:32,510 bi-pyramidal geometry and two of those equatorial positions that means that 1358 00:39:32,510 --> 00:39:32,520 equatorial positions that means that 1359 00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:35,750 equatorial positions that means that actually this and that position let's 1360 00:39:35,750 --> 00:39:35,760 actually this and that position let's 1361 00:39:35,760 --> 00:39:40,070 actually this and that position let's say are occupied by the lone pair 1362 00:39:40,070 --> 00:39:40,080 say are occupied by the lone pair 1363 00:39:40,080 --> 00:39:42,410 say are occupied by the lone pair electrons and there's only one fluorine 1364 00:39:42,410 --> 00:39:42,420 electrons and there's only one fluorine 1365 00:39:42,420 --> 00:39:46,330 electrons and there's only one fluorine there and it would be simply like this a 1366 00:39:46,330 --> 00:39:46,340 there and it would be simply like this a 1367 00:39:46,340 --> 00:39:47,810 there and it would be simply like this a game 1368 00:39:47,810 --> 00:39:47,820 game 1369 00:39:47,820 --> 00:39:52,810 game the lone pair electrons are always 1370 00:39:52,810 --> 00:39:52,820 the lone pair electrons are always 1371 00:39:52,820 --> 00:39:56,960 the lone pair electrons are always occupies the equatorial positions to get 1372 00:39:56,960 --> 00:39:56,970 occupies the equatorial positions to get 1373 00:39:56,970 --> 00:39:58,250 occupies the equatorial positions to get the minimum repulsions 1374 00:39:58,250 --> 00:39:58,260 the minimum repulsions 1375 00:39:58,260 --> 00:40:02,440 the minimum repulsions and i have the structure of the molecule 1376 00:40:02,440 --> 00:40:02,450 and i have the structure of the molecule 1377 00:40:02,450 --> 00:40:07,070 and i have the structure of the molecule like this sulfur no chlorine sorry this 1378 00:40:07,070 --> 00:40:07,080 like this sulfur no chlorine sorry this 1379 00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:10,430 like this sulfur no chlorine sorry this is chlorine trifluoride chlorine 1380 00:40:10,430 --> 00:40:10,440 is chlorine trifluoride chlorine 1381 00:40:10,440 --> 00:40:14,920 is chlorine trifluoride chlorine difluoride now how about the angles 1382 00:40:14,920 --> 00:40:14,930 difluoride now how about the angles 1383 00:40:14,930 --> 00:40:17,480 difluoride now how about the angles normally this angle should be 90 degrees 1384 00:40:17,480 --> 00:40:17,490 normally this angle should be 90 degrees 1385 00:40:17,490 --> 00:40:20,900 normally this angle should be 90 degrees that should also be 90 degrees but it 1386 00:40:20,900 --> 00:40:20,910 that should also be 90 degrees but it 1387 00:40:20,910 --> 00:40:23,900 that should also be 90 degrees but it will be less than 90 degrees why because 1388 00:40:23,900 --> 00:40:23,910 will be less than 90 degrees why because 1389 00:40:23,910 --> 00:40:27,230 will be less than 90 degrees why because I have too long pair electrons here push 1390 00:40:27,230 --> 00:40:27,240 I have too long pair electrons here push 1391 00:40:27,240 --> 00:40:30,320 I have too long pair electrons here push that so that angle will be less than 90 1392 00:40:30,320 --> 00:40:30,330 that so that angle will be less than 90 1393 00:40:30,330 --> 00:40:33,320 that so that angle will be less than 90 degrees and how much less that depends 1394 00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:33,330 degrees and how much less that depends 1395 00:40:33,330 --> 00:40:35,900 degrees and how much less that depends on the molecule what atoms I have and so 1396 00:40:35,900 --> 00:40:35,910 on the molecule what atoms I have and so 1397 00:40:35,910 --> 00:40:38,360 on the molecule what atoms I have and so on but it will be less than maybe 89 1398 00:40:38,360 --> 00:40:38,370 on but it will be less than maybe 89 1399 00:40:38,370 --> 00:40:42,530 on but it will be less than maybe 89 maybe 80 88 and so on degrees and the 1400 00:40:42,530 --> 00:40:42,540 maybe 80 88 and so on degrees and the 1401 00:40:42,540 --> 00:40:46,040 maybe 80 88 and so on degrees and the what is the name the name is called T 1402 00:40:46,040 --> 00:40:46,050 what is the name the name is called T 1403 00:40:46,050 --> 00:40:48,260 what is the name the name is called T shape because this looks like a teeth 1404 00:40:48,260 --> 00:40:48,270 shape because this looks like a teeth 1405 00:40:48,270 --> 00:40:52,480 shape because this looks like a teeth right so the shape of the molecule or 1406 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:52,490 right so the shape of the molecule or 1407 00:40:52,490 --> 00:40:56,510 right so the shape of the molecule or geometry is called T shape for the 1408 00:40:56,510 --> 00:40:56,520 geometry is called T shape for the 1409 00:40:56,520 --> 00:40:59,360 geometry is called T shape for the Quarian trifluoride again we have two 1410 00:40:59,360 --> 00:40:59,370 Quarian trifluoride again we have two 1411 00:40:59,370 --> 00:41:02,570 Quarian trifluoride again we have two lone pair electrons in equatorial 1412 00:41:02,570 --> 00:41:02,580 lone pair electrons in equatorial 1413 00:41:02,580 --> 00:41:06,800 lone pair electrons in equatorial positions okay now let's continue if I 1414 00:41:06,800 --> 00:41:06,810 positions okay now let's continue if I 1415 00:41:06,810 --> 00:41:11,480 positions okay now let's continue if I have xenon difluoride remember the xenon 1416 00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:11,490 have xenon difluoride remember the xenon 1417 00:41:11,490 --> 00:41:14,870 have xenon difluoride remember the xenon is a noble gas and it is the only noble 1418 00:41:14,870 --> 00:41:14,880 is a noble gas and it is the only noble 1419 00:41:14,880 --> 00:41:19,660 is a noble gas and it is the only noble gas that can form compounds and if I 1420 00:41:19,660 --> 00:41:19,670 gas that can form compounds and if I 1421 00:41:19,670 --> 00:41:22,960 gas that can form compounds and if I simply write down the loose structure 1422 00:41:22,960 --> 00:41:22,970 simply write down the loose structure 1423 00:41:22,970 --> 00:41:27,590 simply write down the loose structure remember this as eight electrons right 1424 00:41:27,590 --> 00:41:27,600 remember this as eight electrons right 1425 00:41:27,600 --> 00:41:29,960 remember this as eight electrons right and each fluorine have seven electrons 1426 00:41:29,960 --> 00:41:29,970 and each fluorine have seven electrons 1427 00:41:29,970 --> 00:41:32,240 and each fluorine have seven electrons and if I make that it would be again as 1428 00:41:32,240 --> 00:41:32,250 and if I make that it would be again as 1429 00:41:32,250 --> 00:41:38,110 and if I make that it would be again as follow five electron pairs around the 1430 00:41:38,110 --> 00:41:38,120 follow five electron pairs around the 1431 00:41:38,120 --> 00:41:41,030 follow five electron pairs around the central one two three four five 1432 00:41:41,030 --> 00:41:41,040 central one two three four five 1433 00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:43,340 central one two three four five electrons around the xenon two of those 1434 00:41:43,340 --> 00:41:43,350 electrons around the xenon two of those 1435 00:41:43,350 --> 00:41:47,660 electrons around the xenon two of those are simply shared by the terminal atoms 1436 00:41:47,660 --> 00:41:47,670 are simply shared by the terminal atoms 1437 00:41:47,670 --> 00:41:50,450 are simply shared by the terminal atoms fluorine let's put that over here like 1438 00:41:50,450 --> 00:41:50,460 fluorine let's put that over here like 1439 00:41:50,460 --> 00:41:54,860 fluorine let's put that over here like this actually in as I write down the 1440 00:41:54,860 --> 00:41:54,870 this actually in as I write down the 1441 00:41:54,870 --> 00:41:57,590 this actually in as I write down the Lewis structure I don't really care 1442 00:41:57,590 --> 00:41:57,600 Lewis structure I don't really care 1443 00:41:57,600 --> 00:42:00,020 Lewis structure I don't really care where the fluorines are right I can put 1444 00:42:00,020 --> 00:42:00,030 where the fluorines are right I can put 1445 00:42:00,030 --> 00:42:01,850 where the fluorines are right I can put it there like this now how many 1446 00:42:01,850 --> 00:42:01,860 it there like this now how many 1447 00:42:01,860 --> 00:42:06,380 it there like this now how many Brown pears I have simply five electron 1448 00:42:06,380 --> 00:42:06,390 Brown pears I have simply five electron 1449 00:42:06,390 --> 00:42:08,810 Brown pears I have simply five electron pairs one two three four five electron 1450 00:42:08,810 --> 00:42:08,820 pairs one two three four five electron 1451 00:42:08,820 --> 00:42:11,630 pairs one two three four five electron pairs let's write it down five what is 1452 00:42:11,630 --> 00:42:11,640 pairs let's write it down five what is 1453 00:42:11,640 --> 00:42:13,790 pairs let's write it down five what is the geometry electron pair geometry tree 1454 00:42:13,790 --> 00:42:13,800 the geometry electron pair geometry tree 1455 00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:24,200 the geometry electron pair geometry tree guano trigonal bi-pyramidal now what is 1456 00:42:24,200 --> 00:42:24,210 guano trigonal bi-pyramidal now what is 1457 00:42:24,210 --> 00:42:28,690 guano trigonal bi-pyramidal now what is the molecular geometry now I have three 1458 00:42:28,690 --> 00:42:28,700 the molecular geometry now I have three 1459 00:42:28,700 --> 00:42:33,080 the molecular geometry now I have three lone pair electrons in a trigonal 1460 00:42:33,080 --> 00:42:33,090 lone pair electrons in a trigonal 1461 00:42:33,090 --> 00:42:35,660 lone pair electrons in a trigonal bi-pyramidal electron pair geometry and 1462 00:42:35,660 --> 00:42:35,670 bi-pyramidal electron pair geometry and 1463 00:42:35,670 --> 00:42:38,750 bi-pyramidal electron pair geometry and those two three lone pairs will be have 1464 00:42:38,750 --> 00:42:38,760 those two three lone pairs will be have 1465 00:42:38,760 --> 00:42:42,040 those two three lone pairs will be have to be in the core toriel positions and 1466 00:42:42,040 --> 00:42:42,050 to be in the core toriel positions and 1467 00:42:42,050 --> 00:42:45,770 to be in the core toriel positions and the shared electron pairs will be in X 1468 00:42:45,770 --> 00:42:45,780 the shared electron pairs will be in X 1469 00:42:45,780 --> 00:42:47,630 the shared electron pairs will be in X she'll positions what does that means 1470 00:42:47,630 --> 00:42:47,640 she'll positions what does that means 1471 00:42:47,640 --> 00:42:50,240 she'll positions what does that means this structure will be linear right it 1472 00:42:50,240 --> 00:42:50,250 this structure will be linear right it 1473 00:42:50,250 --> 00:42:53,120 this structure will be linear right it will be just a linear structure put it 1474 00:42:53,120 --> 00:42:53,130 will be just a linear structure put it 1475 00:42:53,130 --> 00:42:57,020 will be just a linear structure put it here linear structure and let's simply 1476 00:42:57,020 --> 00:42:57,030 here linear structure and let's simply 1477 00:42:57,030 --> 00:43:01,610 here linear structure and let's simply show that the xenon over here and the 1478 00:43:01,610 --> 00:43:01,620 show that the xenon over here and the 1479 00:43:01,620 --> 00:43:04,760 show that the xenon over here and the fluorine like this like that now how 1480 00:43:04,760 --> 00:43:04,770 fluorine like this like that now how 1481 00:43:04,770 --> 00:43:08,350 fluorine like this like that now how about this angle exactly 180 degrees 1482 00:43:08,350 --> 00:43:08,360 about this angle exactly 180 degrees 1483 00:43:08,360 --> 00:43:12,080 about this angle exactly 180 degrees right now you see again I have three 1484 00:43:12,080 --> 00:43:12,090 right now you see again I have three 1485 00:43:12,090 --> 00:43:16,100 right now you see again I have three lone pair electrons but they're on the 1486 00:43:16,100 --> 00:43:16,110 lone pair electrons but they're on the 1487 00:43:16,110 --> 00:43:20,210 lone pair electrons but they're on the equatorial equatorial positions on the 1488 00:43:20,210 --> 00:43:20,220 equatorial equatorial positions on the 1489 00:43:20,220 --> 00:43:22,150 equatorial equatorial positions on the corner of an equilateral triangle and 1490 00:43:22,150 --> 00:43:22,160 corner of an equilateral triangle and 1491 00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:25,780 corner of an equilateral triangle and they will have exactly the same effect 1492 00:43:25,780 --> 00:43:25,790 they will have exactly the same effect 1493 00:43:25,790 --> 00:43:29,030 they will have exactly the same effect in pushing the electron bonding electron 1494 00:43:29,030 --> 00:43:29,040 in pushing the electron bonding electron 1495 00:43:29,040 --> 00:43:32,240 in pushing the electron bonding electron pairs and in all directions actually and 1496 00:43:32,240 --> 00:43:32,250 pairs and in all directions actually and 1497 00:43:32,250 --> 00:43:35,230 pairs and in all directions actually and they will stay linear just like in 1498 00:43:35,230 --> 00:43:35,240 they will stay linear just like in 1499 00:43:35,240 --> 00:43:37,400 they will stay linear just like in original trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry 1500 00:43:37,400 --> 00:43:37,410 original trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry 1501 00:43:37,410 --> 00:43:42,260 original trigonal bi-pyramidal geometry so the geometry is linear clear any 1502 00:43:42,260 --> 00:43:42,270 so the geometry is linear clear any 1503 00:43:42,270 --> 00:43:46,040 so the geometry is linear clear any questions so again you see how we 1504 00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:46,050 questions so again you see how we 1505 00:43:46,050 --> 00:43:48,650 questions so again you see how we determine the molecular geometry from 1506 00:43:48,650 --> 00:43:48,660 determine the molecular geometry from 1507 00:43:48,660 --> 00:43:52,880 determine the molecular geometry from the Lewis structure and also depending 1508 00:43:52,880 --> 00:43:52,890 the Lewis structure and also depending 1509 00:43:52,890 --> 00:43:55,250 the Lewis structure and also depending on our off the number of electron pairs 1510 00:43:55,250 --> 00:43:55,260 on our off the number of electron pairs 1511 00:43:55,260 --> 00:43:59,060 on our off the number of electron pairs we can guess what will be the INGOs bond 1512 00:43:59,060 --> 00:43:59,070 we can guess what will be the INGOs bond 1513 00:43:59,070 --> 00:44:05,870 we can guess what will be the INGOs bond angles right the bond angles okay I 1514 00:44:05,870 --> 00:44:05,880 angles right the bond angles okay I 1515 00:44:05,880 --> 00:44:07,850 angles right the bond angles okay I guess we have to stop here let's have 1516 00:44:07,850 --> 00:44:07,860 guess we have to stop here let's have 1517 00:44:07,860 --> 00:44:09,620 guess we have to stop here let's have ten minutes break exactly ten minutes 1518 00:44:09,620 --> 00:44:09,630 ten minutes break exactly ten minutes 1519 00:44:09,630 --> 00:44:12,590 ten minutes break exactly ten minutes and come back again