Evolution of Quality Concepts (cont.)

Armand V. Feigenbaum

Author of the book Total Quality Control
Total Quality Control concept and strategies
quality-development
quality-maintenance
quality-improvement
Full customer satisfaction,
System approach to quality,
Total quality control as a cross-functional concept,

Karou Ishikawa

provided leadership in shaping the Japanese quality movement
6 quality control characteristics, What is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way
  1. Company-wide quality control; participation by all members of the organization in quality control
  2. Education and training in quality control
  3. Quality control circle activities
  4. Quality control audits (for effectiveness)
  5. Utilization of statistical methods
  6. Nationwide quality control promotion (including training) activities
true quality characteristics: the customer's view of product performance
substitute quality characteristics: the producer's view of product performance
proposed the basis of QFD
developed seven tools of quality control, Guide to Quality Control
  1. Cause-effect (Ishikawa) diagram
  2. Stratification
  3. Check sheet
  4. Histogram
  5. Scatter diagram
  6. Pareto chart (vital few, trivial many)
  7. Graphs and statistical control charts
Ishikawa's concept of TQC
  1. Quality first - not short-term profits first
  2. Consumer orientation - not producer orientation (think from the standpoint of other party)
  3. The next process is your customer - breaking down the barrier of sectionalism
  4. Using facts and data to make presentations - utilization of statistical methods
  5. Respect for humanity as a management philosophy, full participatory management
  6. Cross-functional management (by divisions and functions)

Genichi Taguchi

Engineering approach to quality
importance of variance
developed robust design, loss  function, SNRs (signal-to-noise ratios)
identified noise factors that affect variation
focused on 3 design levels, Introduction to Quality Engineering: Designing Quality into Products and Processes
  1. System design (primary) - functional design focuses on pertinent technology or architectures
  2. Parameter design (secondary) - a means of both reducing cost and improving performance without removing causes of variation
  3. Tolerance design (tertiary) - a means of reducing variation by controlling causes, but at an increased cost

Shigeo Shingo

maintains that statistical-based quality control is not conducive to zero defects
proposes the poka-yoke (mistake-proofing) system, Zero Quality Control: Source Inspection and the Poka-Yoke System
  1. Use source inspection - the application of control functions at the stages where defect originate (real-time feedback / feed-forward information)
  2. Always use 100 percent source inspections (rather than sampling inspections)
  3. Minimize the time to carry out corrective action when abnormalities appear
  4. Set up poka-yoke (mistake-proofing) devices, such as sensors and monitors, according to product and process requirements

 

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